scholarly journals Screening Potential New Tropical Ornamentals for Alkalinity, Salinity, and Irradiance Tolerances

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Garry V. McDonald ◽  
Geoffrey C. Denny ◽  
Sean T. Carver ◽  
Andrew R. King
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Screening Procedures ◽  
Butterfly Bush ◽  
Blue Butterfly

Abstract With the rapid introduction of new herbaceous or woody perennial tropical and subtropical taxa to the U.S. nursery trade for use as summer annuals, methods for quickly assessing their tolerances to various environmental stresses will be needed. Three screening methods, one each for substrate alkalinity, soil salinity, and varied irradiance levels, were tested on four tropical taxa, Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb. (blue butterfly bush), Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, (caricature plant), Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (firecracker jatropha), and Chrysothemis pulchella (Don. ex J. Sims) Desc. (dozakie), with potential for use as summer annuals. Specialized portable structures for testing irradiance levels were developed which minimized confounding of restricted air movement often associated with imposing shade treatments. Irradiance and salinity screening procedures were deemed successful, while further refinement is needed with the alkalinity screening method tested. Decreased irradiance levels suppressed flowering of R. myricoides, while full sun exposure decreased foliar appearance and growth of C. pulchella. Only J. integerrima showed adverse responses to elevated substrate alkalinity. Jatropha integerrima and G. pictum exhibited adaptation to a wide range of light exposures and salinity levels while maintaining attractive foliage. Although flowering of J. integerrima was reduced with heavy shade (66%), some flowering continued.

scholarly journals Validation of the method of quantitative determination of florphenicol in muscle samples by the method of immuno-enzyme analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M. V. Kostyuk ◽  
◽  
K. S. Myagka ◽  
G. S. Kochetova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Detection Ability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Samples

Introduction. Amphenicols are a group of chemical compounds with antibacterial activity, including chloramphenicol (HAF), thiamphenicol (TAF), florfenicol (FF) and their derivatives. Florfenicol (FF) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of action and is one of the most commonly used drugs in poultry, and was developed specifically for veterinary medicine. Given the wide range of activity of florfenicol, the high therapeutic effect combined with low toxicity makes it important for use in animal husbandry. The known method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) differs favorably from other screening methods by high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and speed of performance, availability and stability of reagents, the ability to computer processing of measurement results and automation of test steps, which provides high test efficiency. The aim of the work. To validate the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the residues of florfenicol in the samples of months of different species of animals (cattle, pigs, chickens, geese, turkeys, rabbits) and fish. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise. The material for the study was a solution of florfenicol with a concentration of 1 mg/liter. Results of research and discussion. It was found that the highest value (highest response) for control samples is 0.24 μg/kg and the lowest value for enriched samples (lowest response) - 3.62 μg/kg. According to the obtained results, none of the answers for the enriched samples coincides with the range of answers for the control samples. It follows that the detection ability (CCβ) for this screening method reduces or decreases 5.0 μg/kg The cut-off rate of this test is 3.62 μg/kg. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Validation characteristics have been established for the determination of florfenicol residues in muscle samples, such as: detection ability (CCβ) is 5.0 μg/kg, cut-off level is 3.62 μg/kg. The lowest content of florfenicol that can be determined is 0.2 μg/kg. The percentage of return for enriched samples of both groups is 93 %, which corresponds to the specified production.

Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Terán ◽  
S P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Nueva Granada

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

A New Screening Approach For Fast And Accurate Prediction Of Positive And Negative Urine Cultures By SediMAX Compared With The Standard Urine Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Flaminia Tomassetti ◽  
Paola Cerini ◽  
Roberta Felicetti ◽  
Lucia Ceccaroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent bacterial infections, and the detection of infection in urine samples is expensive and time-consuming. Also, in laboratories a significant proportion of samples processed yield negative results. For this, screening methods represent an important improvement towards the final UTI diagnosis. SediMAX is an automated microscopy, easier to use in laboratories due to its basic procedure and it is widely used for urine sediment analysis. In our study, we evaluated the performance of SediMAX, applying some screening parameters, compared with the gold standard methods, urine culture, to identify all the positive cases for UTI. We analysed 1185 urine samples from our daily laboratory routine. The basis of our screening model was to establish a cut-off for bacterial count (BACT), as 300 bacteria/µL in order to avoid missing positive cases. However, the sensitivity and the specificity achieved were not enough to identify all UTI infection in urine samples. So, in addition to BACT we have considered other parameters, such as White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Yeasts (YEST), Age and Nitrates (NIT). The second screening method reached a sensitivity of 100%, that could be reliably employed in detect of UTIs.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm with better seedling emergence under direct sowing in flooded paddy field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Direct Sowing

AbstractDirect sowing of rice in a flooded paddy field is a beneficial cultivation practice for water use and labour efficiency, compared to the transplanted cultivation. However, a drastic reduction in seedling emergence under flooded paddy fields is a serious constraint especially when the seeds fell at deeper soil layers. Suitable rice germplasm for the direct sowing in flooded paddy fields could ensure the success of this cultivation practice. Instead of laborious field-based screening systems, a pot-based screening method was adopted for simplicity and efficient evaluation of seedling emergence of a subset of world rice germplasm (n = 75) at different sowing depths. As a result, two rice genotypes, ‘Vary Futsi’ (landrace from Madagascar, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica) and ‘Dahonggu’ (landrace from China, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica), with consistently better seedling emergence were identified from a wide range of rice germplasm. These genotypes could serve as excellent parents for the breeding program in developing new rice cultivars with the improved seedling emergence in flooded paddy fields. There were no significant differences in the seedling emergence rate in flooded paddy conditions among the groups from various agro-geographical regions.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of CUDC-907 (Fimepinostat) for Hepatocarcinoma Treatment Revealed by Tumor Spheroids-based Drug Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liao ◽  
Wanren Yang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Fanhong Zeng ◽  
Jiecheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Spheroid Culture ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Hcc Cells

Abstract Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, most of the new anti-cancer agents screened by traditional drug screening methods fail in the clinic because of lack of efficacy. One of the reasons for this dilemma is that the two-dimensional (2D) culture cancer cell lines could not represent the in vivo cancer cells well. Fortunately, the development of a three-dimensional (3D) culture technique helps in this problem. Methods: The high-throughput spheroid culture plate was fabricated by using 3D print technique and agarose. 4 hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cell lines were 3D cultured to screen 19 small molecular agents based on the spheroid culture plate. 3D cultured primary HCC cells and tumor-bearing mice model were established to verify the candidate anti-hepatocarcinoma agent. Cell function experiments and western blotting were conducted to explore the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of the candidate agent. Results: Based on the previous study, we established an in vitro 3D drug screening method by using our invented spheroid culture device and found that CUDC-907 can serve as a potent anti-hepatocarcinoma agent. The study data show that CUDC-907 (fimepinostat), a novel dual acting inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), has potent inhibitory effects on HCC cell lines and primary HCC cells in vitro, Animal studies have shown that CUDC-907 can also suppress HCC cells in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the antitumor mechanism of CUDC-907 in HCC cells. We found that it inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and downregulates the expression of c-Myc, leading to the suppression of HCC cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CUDC-907 can be a candidate anti-HCC drug, and the 3D in vitro drug screening method based on our novel spheroid culture device is promising for drug screening.

scholarly journals Research on the Unstable Branch Screening Method for Power System With High-Proportion Wind Power

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Tang ◽  
Xiaoqing Wei ◽  
Yuhan Guo ◽  
Junfeng Qi ◽  
Jiarui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Unstable Branch ◽  
Oscillation Characteristics

The sooner the system instability is predicted and the unstable branches are screened, the timelier emergency control can be implemented for a wind power system. In this paper, aiming at the problem that the existing unstable branch screening methods are lack prejudgment, an unstable branch screening method for power system with high-proportion wind power is proposed. Firstly, the equivalent external characteristics model of the wind farm was deduced. And based on this, the out-of-step oscillation characteristics of the power system with high proportion wind power was analyzed. Secondly, based on the oscillation characteristics, line weak-connection index (LWcI) was proposed to quantify the stability margin of a branch. Then an instability prediction method and an unstable branch screening method were proposed based on LWcI and voltage phase angle difference. Finally, the rapidity and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through the simulation analysis of IEEE-118 system.

scholarly journals Practical Model Selection for Prospective Virtual Screening

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengchao Liu ◽  
Moayad Alnammi ◽  
Spencer S. Ericksen ◽  
Andrew F. Voter ◽  
Gene E. Ananiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Datasets

AbstractVirtual (computational) high-throughput screening provides a strategy for prioritizing compounds for experimental screens, but the choice of virtual screening algorithm depends on the dataset and evaluation strategy. We consider a wide range of ligand-based machine learning and docking-based approaches for virtual screening on two protein-protein interactions, PriA-SSB and RMI-FANCM, and present a strategy for choosing which algorithm is best for prospective compound prioritization. Our workflow identifies a random forest as the best algorithm for these targets over more sophisticated neural network-based models. The top 250 predictions from our selected random forest recover 37 of the 54 active compounds from a library of 22,434 new molecules assayed on PriA-SSB. We show that virtual screening methods that perform well in public datasets and synthetic benchmarks, like multi-task neural networks, may not always translate to prospective screening performance on a specific assay of interest.

scholarly journals Generating Property-Matched Decoy Molecules Using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Imrie ◽  
Anthony R. Bradley ◽  
Charlotte M. Deane
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
And Training ◽  
Virtual Screening Performance

An essential step in the development of virtual screening methods is the use of established sets of actives and decoys for benchmarking and training. However, the decoy molecules in commonly used sets are biased meaning that methods often exploit these biases to separate actives and decoys, rather than learning how to perform molecular recognition. This fundamental issue prevents generalisation and hinders virtual screening method development. We have developed a deep learning method (DeepCoy) that generates decoys to a user’s preferred specification in order to remove such biases or construct sets with a defined bias. We validated DeepCoy using two established benchmarks, DUD-E and DEKOIS 2.0. For all DUD-E targets and 80 of the 81 DEKOIS 2.0 targets, our generated decoy molecules more closely matched the active molecules’ physicochemical properties while introducing no discernible additional risk of false negatives. The DeepCoy decoys improved the Deviation from Optimal Embedding (DOE) score by an average of 81% and 66%, respectively, decreasing from 0.163 to 0.032 for DUD-E and from 0.109 to 0.038 for DEKOIS 2.0. Further, the generated decoys are harder to distinguish than the original decoy molecules via docking with Autodock Vina, with virtual screening performance falling from an AUC ROC of 0.71 to 0.63. The code is available at https://github.com/oxpig/DeepCoy. Generated molecules can be downloaded from http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/resources.

scholarly journals HCR-FlowFISH: A flexible CRISPR screening method to identify cis-regulatory elements and their target genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Reilly ◽  
SJ Gosai ◽  
A Gutierrez ◽  
JC Ulirsch ◽  
M Kanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causal Variants ◽  
Endogenous Loci

AbstractCRISPR screens for cis-regulatory elements (CREs) have shown unprecedented power to endogenously characterize the non-coding genome. To characterize CREs we developed HCR-FlowFISH (Hybridization Chain Reaction Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization coupled with Flow Cytometry), which directly quantifies native transcripts within their endogenous loci following CRISPR perturbations of regulatory elements, eliminating the need for restrictive phenotypic assays such as growth or transcript-tagging. HCR-FlowFISH accurately quantifies gene expression across a wide range of transcript levels and cell types. We also developed CASA (CRISPR Activity Screen Analysis), a hierarchical Bayesian model to identify and quantify CRE activity. Using >270,000 perturbations, we identified CREs for GATA1, HDAC6, ERP29, LMO2, MEF2C, CD164, NMU, FEN1 and the FADS gene cluster. Our methods detect subtle gene expression changes and identify CREs regulating multiple genes, sometimes at different magnitudes and directions. We demonstrate the power of HCR-FlowFISH to parse genome-wide association signals by nominating causal variants and target genes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 14 Cities in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3642-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Sun ◽  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Yudong Liu ◽  
Chunjiang Zhao ◽  
Wright W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Screening Cascade

ABSTRACT The prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among 1,012 vancomycin-susceptible methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus isolates collected from 14 cities in China from 2005 to 2007 was 13 to 16%, as determined by a combination of (i) measurement by the modified population analysis profile-area under the curve method (PAP-AUC) and (ii) estimation from the measured sensitivity and specificity of a screening method. Two hundred isolates from blood were chosen as a subset for measurement of the sensitivities and the specificities of several previously described screening methods by using the results of PAP-AUC as the reference. During this testing, one isolate was found to be a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain so was not used in the evaluation of the screening tests. Of the other 199 isolates, 26 (13.1%) were hVISA, as assessed by PAP-AUC. A screening cascade of culturing the isolates on brain heart infusion agar containing teicoplanin (5 mg/liter) and then subjecting the positive isolates to a macro-Etest method was applied to the 812 non-blood isolates, yielding 149 positive results. From these results and by adjusting for sensitivity (0.423) and specificity (0.861), the prevalence was estimated to be 15.7%. The precision of that estimate was assessed by reapplying the screening cascade to 120 randomly selected isolates from the 812 non-blood isolates and simultaneously determining their heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility status by PAP-AUC. Because PAP-AUC is impractical for use with large numbers of isolates, the screening-based estimation method is useful as a first approximation of the prevalence of hVISA. Of the 27 VISA or hVISA isolates from blood, 22.2% and 74.1% were staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec types II and III, respectively, while 77.8% and 22.2% were agr type 1 and agr type 2, respectively; the MIC ranges were 0.5 to 4 mg/liter for vancomycin and 0.25 to 1 mg/liter for daptomycin.

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