Compositional, cover, and diversity changes after prescribed fire in a mature eastern white pine forest

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cook ◽  
Nicholas Jensen ◽  
Betsy Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relative Change

Eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) forests are considered fire dependent, but little is known about the role of low-intensity fires. We conducted four prescribed burns to examine understory effects. The vegetation was sampled one year before and two consecutive years after the burns. Understory metrics were calculated for the vernal (May–June) and aestival (mid-August) assemblages. The fires resulted in a cumulative mortality rate in the sapling layer of 64%. During the first year, the burns had a neutral or repressive effect on the understory. However, cover, richness, and species density increased significantly for both assemblages during the second year; however, the relative change was greater for the vernal assemblage. The fires also led to greater compositional turnover than in the controls. The large increases in late-season cover were primarily from reduced competition and enhanced regeneration. The fires created a brief window of invasion opportunity, which was minimally captured by annuals and exotics. Ordination indicated different short-term successional pathways for the vernal (diverging) and aestival (converging) assemblages. This difference by time period was consistent with similarity measures. The study suggests that low intensity fires play a vital role in understory diversity and structure in white pine forests.

scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

scholarly journals Professor John W. Neale (1926–2006)

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Lord
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
First Year ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Science Departments

Abstract. John Neale was born in Burton-on-Trent where his father was concerned with the grocery business and, appropriately to the town, his grandfather was a cooper in the brewing industry. After leaving school he spent two terms at Manchester University, passing the First Year examinations and, in 1943, volunteered for wartime service in the Royal Navy. One year later he was commissioned an officer and served in the hazardous but vital role of minesweeping. With discharge from the navy in 1947 he rejoined Manchester University to follow a BSc General degree in Geology and Geography with subsidiary Zoology, graduating in 1949. It was during this time that he met his future wife, Patti, who was a fellow undergraduate. Upon graduation he was appointed as Assistant Lecturer in the small Sub-department (later a full Department) of Geology of the University of Hull, which was to be his scientific home for the rest of his professional life. John Neale and his senior colleague Lewis Penny, who also joined in 1949, were the only members of staff and for some years taught the full spectrum of Geology between them. John Neale’s diaries record how they had intensive discussions about developing their sub-department and building the teaching collections. The department grew in numbers of students and staff and won a reputation for sound teaching and, in time, for research. It is therefore easy to understand how saddened John Neale was when, following a reorganization of Earth Science departments in British universities, the department he had . . .

scholarly journals Prescribed burning in a mediterranean-climate region mitigates the disturbance by bushfire to a critical food resource for an endangered bird, the Carnaby’s cockatoo

Fire Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Densmore ◽  
Emma S. Clingan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Percentage Survival

Abstract Background Prescribed burning is used to reduce fire hazard in highly flammable vegetation types, including Banksia L.f. woodland that occurs on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP), Western Australia, Australia. The 2016 census recorded well over 1.9 million people living on the SCP, which also encompasses Perth, the fourth largest city in Australia. Banksia woodland is prone to frequent ignitions that can cause extensive bushfires that consume canopy-stored banksia seeds, a critical food resource for an endangered bird, the Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorynchus latirostris, Carnaby 1948). The time needed for banksias to reach maturity and maximum seed production is several years longer than the typical interval between prescribed burns. We compared prescribed burns to bushfires and unburned sites at three locations in banksia woodland to determine whether low-intensity prescribed burns affect the number of adult banksias and their seed production. Study sites were matched to the same vegetation complex, fire regime, and time-since-fire to isolate fire intensity as a variable. Results Headfire rates of spread and differenced normalized burn ratios indicated that prescribed burning was generally of a much lower intensity than bushfire. The percentage survival of adult banksias and their production of cones and follicles (seeds) did not decrease during the first three years following a prescribed burn. However, survival and seed production were significantly diminished followed high-intensity bushfire. Thus, carrying capacity for Carnaby’s cockatoo was unchanged by prescribed burning but decreased markedly following bushfire in banksia woodland. Conclusions These results suggest that prescribed burning is markedly different from bushfire when considering appropriate fire intervals to conserve canopy habitats in fire-resilient vegetation communities. Therefore, low-intensity prescribed burning represents a viable management tool to reduce the frequency and extent of bushfire impacts on banksia woodland and Carnaby’s cockatoo.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in the MADIABETES cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Salinero-Fort ◽  
F. J. San Andrés-Rebollo ◽  
J. Cárdenas-Valladolid ◽  
M. Méndez-Bailón ◽  
R. M. Chico-Moraleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

AbstractWe aimed to develop two models to estimate first AMI and stroke/TIA, respectively, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, by applying backward elimination to the following variables: age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, and use of antihyperglycemic drugs, statins, and aspirin. As time-varying covariates, we analyzed blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid profile, HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atrial fibrillation (only in stroke/TIA model). Both models were stratified by antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated 2980 patients (52.8% women; 67.3 ± 11.2 years) with 24,159 person-years of follow-up. We recorded 114 cases of AMI and 185 cases of stroke/TIA. The factors that were independently associated with first AMI were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 75 years) (p = 0.019), higher HbA1c (> 64 mmol/mol vs. < 53 mmol/mol) (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (0.90–1.81 mmol/L vs. < 0.90 mmol/L) (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (65–85 mmHg vs. < 65 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The factors that were independently associated with first stroke/TIA were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 60 years) (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (first year after the diagnosis vs. more than one year) (p = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (per each 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (3.88–6.46 mmol/L vs. < 3.88 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), triglycerides (per each increment of 1.13 mmol/L) (p = 0.031), albuminuria (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p = 0.01), and retinopathy (p = 0.023).

scholarly journals Mortality in older adults following a fragility fracture: real-world retrospective matched-cohort study in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques P. Brown ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Emil Schemitsch ◽  
Jean-Eric Tarride ◽  
Vivien Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
First Year ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Fracture Cohort ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Recent studies are lacking reports on mortality after non-hip fractures in adults aged > 65. Methods This retrospective, matched-cohort study used de-identified health services data from the publicly funded healthcare system in Ontario, Canada, contained in the ICES Data Repository. Patients aged 66 years and older with an index fragility fracture occurring at any osteoporotic site between 2011 and 2015 were identified from acute hospital admissions, emergency and ambulatory care using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and data were analyzed until 2017. Thus, follow-up ranged from 2 years to 6 years. Patients were excluded if they presented with an index fracture occurring at a non-osteoporotic fracture site, their index fracture was associated with a trauma code, or they experienced a previous fracture within 5 years prior to their index fracture. This fracture cohort was matched 1:1 to controls within a non-fracture cohort by date, sex, age, geography and comorbidities. All-cause mortality risk was assessed. Results The survival probability for up to 6 years post-fracture was significantly reduced for the fracture cohort vs matched non-fracture controls (p < 0.0001; n = 101,773 per cohort), with the sharpest decline occurring within the first-year post-fracture. Crude relative risk of mortality (95% confidence interval) within 1-year post-fracture was 2.47 (2.38–2.56) in women and 3.22 (3.06–3.40) in men. In the fracture vs non-fracture cohort, the absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at any site was 12.5% vs 5.1% in women and 19.5% vs 6.0% in men. The absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at a non-hip vs hip site was 9.4% vs 21.5% in women and 14.4% vs 32.3% in men. Conclusions In this real-world cohort aged > 65 years, a fragility fracture occurring at any site was associated with reduced survival for up to 6 years post-fracture. The greatest reduction in survival occurred within the first-year post-fracture, where mortality risk more than doubled and deaths were observed in 1 in 11 women and 1 in 7 men following a non-hip fracture and in 1 in 5 women and 1 in 3 men following a hip fracture.

scholarly journals Across the COVID-19 Waves; Assessing Temporal Fluctuations in Perceived Stress, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, Worry, Anxiety and Civic Moral Disengagement over One Year of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Alessio Gori ◽  
Eleonora Topino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
One Year ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

This study aimed at investigating the psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by analysing the trends of perceived stress, post-traumatic symptoms, state anxiety, worry, and civic moral disengagement in four different moments from March 2020 to March 2021. The study involved a total of 1827 Italian participants (30% men and 70% women; Mage = 34.72; SD = 12.40) divided into four groups to which an online survey was administered. The first group completed the survey in March 2020, the second one in August 2020, the third one in November 2020, and the fourth one in March 2021. Results highlighted significant decreases in post-traumatic symptoms and a significant increase in civic moral disengagement over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The levels of perceived stress, worry, and state anxiety remained constant. The correlations between the variables at different times were also explored, as well as gender differences over the year. The COVID-19 emergency has had significant effects on the mental state of the population, with important repercussions for individual and collective well-being during but probably also after the pandemic. This study offers a clear snapshot of the psychological outcomes over one COVID-19 pandemic year, providing important information that may contribute to tailor more effective interventions for mental health.

Teething Symptoms in the First Year of Life and Associated Factors: A Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Italo Medeiros Faraco Junior ◽  
Andréia Bertani Ottoni ◽  
Eliane Gerson Feldens ◽  
Márcia Regina Vítolo
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective: To investigate the occurrence and management of teething symptoms during the first year of life and associated factors. Study design: 500 children were recruited at birth. Research assessments including structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and dental examination were carried out after birth, at 6 months and at one-year of age. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the occurrence of one or more teething symptoms within the first year of life, as reported by the mother. Results: Teething symptoms were reported in 73% of the children analyzed (273/375). The symptoms most frequently reported were irritability (40.5%), fever (38.9%), diarrhoea (36.0%) and itching (33.6%). Dentists had little influence on the management of symptoms and self-medication to relieve them was a common practice. The risk of reporting teething symptoms was higher for children from nuclear families (p=0.040) and for children from families with higher income (p=0.040). Conclusions: Teething symptoms were highly reported in this population. Pediatric dentists should be accessible and provide adequate orientation when symptoms can be managed at home or immediate referral to health services when more serious diseases are suspected.

Partnership in Post-Adoption Services Evaluating the First Year of a Complementary Contract

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Burnell ◽  
Adrian Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Consultation Services

In the autumn 1995 edition of Adoption & Fostering, Alan Burnell and Adrian Briggs described the origins and objectives of a novel complementary contract between East Sussex Social Services and the Post-Adoption Centre (PAC), aimed at providing post-adoption counselling and consultation services to all those involved in adoption in the county. The same authors now evaluate the operation of the contract, one year on. After filling in some background they assess its achievements so far, with particular regard to the extra support to service users and staff, and reducing the risk of disruption. The article concludes that the first year of the contract has demonstrated the need for comprehensive assessment and treatment services for adoptive families with children experiencing attachment difficulties.

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