scholarly journals Fungal isolates of genus Trichoderma induce wilt resistance to pea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi through competitive inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
S. Nawaz ◽  
◽  
M.N. Subhani ◽  
M.B. Chattha ◽  
Y. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Fungal Isolates

scholarly journals Natural Variation in Portuguese Common Bean Germplasm Reveals New Sources of Resistance Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Resistance-Associated Candidate Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T. Leitão ◽  
Marcos Malosetti ◽  
Qijan Song ◽  
Fred van Eeuwijk ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Resistance

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most consumed legume crops in the world, and Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is one of the major diseases affecting its production. Portugal holds a very promising common bean germplasm with an admixed genetic background that may reveal novel genetic resistance combinations between the original Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. To identify new sources of Fusarium wilt resistance and detect resistance-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we explored, for the first time, a diverse collection of the underused Portuguese common bean germplasm by using genome-wide association analyses. The collection was evaluated for Fusarium wilt resistance under growth chamber conditions, with the highly virulent F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strain FOP-SP1 race 6. Fourteen of the 162 Portuguese accessions evaluated were highly resistant and 71 intermediate. The same collection was genotyped with DNA sequencing arrays, and SNP–resistance associations were tested via a mixed linear model accounting for the genetic relatedness between accessions. The results from the association mapping revealed nine SNPs associated with resistance on chromosomes Pv04, Pv05, Pv07, and Pv08, indicating that Fusarium wilt resistance is under oligogenic control. Putative candidate genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hypersensitive response, and plant primary metabolism were identified. The results reported here highlight the importance of exploring underused germplasm for new sources of resistance and provide new genomic targets for the development of functional markers to support selection in future disease resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Associated with Commercial Tomato Crops in the Andean Region of Colombia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Carmona ◽  
Diana Burbano-David ◽  
Magda R. Gómez ◽  
Walter Lopez ◽  
Nelson Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Race 2

In Colombia, tomato production under protected conditions represents an important economic contribution to the agricultural sector. Fusarium wilt diseases, caused by pathogenic formae speciales of the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., cause significant yield losses in tomatoes throughout the world. Investigation of the F. oxysporum–tomato pathosystem in Colombia is required to develop appropriate alternative disease management. In this study, 120 fungal isolates were obtained from four different departments in the Central Andean Region in Colombia from tomato crops with symptoms of wilt disease. A molecular characterization of the fungal isolates was performed using the SIX1, SIX3, and SIX4 effector genes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen (Fol). Additionally, we developed a new specific marker to distinguish between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (Forl) and Fol isolates. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis using the Translation Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1a) gene was performed with the collected isolates. Two isolates (named Fol59 and Fol-UDC10) were identified as Fol race 2, four isolates were identified as Forl, six isolates were identified as F. solani, and most of the isolates were grouped within the F. oxysporum species complex. The phylogenetic tree of EF1a showed that most of the isolates could potentially correspond to nonpathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. Additional pathogenicity assays carried out with Fol59 and Fol-UDC10 confirmed that both isolates were highly virulent strains. This study represents a contribution to the understanding of the local interaction between tomatoes and F. oxysporum in Colombia.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1 Causing Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce in Norway

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Herrero ◽  
Nina Elisabeth Nagy ◽  
Halvor Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Race 1

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is produced in Norway both in field and greenhouses. In Norway, greenhouse lettuce is one of the most important vegetables grown year-round. In winter 2018, wilting symptoms were observed on soil-grown lettuce of the cultivar Frillice in a greenhouse in south east Norway (Buskerud county). Affected plants showed stunted growth, wilting of outer leaves, and brownish discoloration of vascular tissues of taproots and crowns. According to the producer, the disease led to an estimated 10% of yield losses. Fungal isolates were obtained from crowns and roots of diseased plants collected from the greenhouse in 2018 and 2019. Two single spore isolates, 231274 from 2018 and 231725 from 2019, were used in further studies. The isolates were incubated on synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA) at 18-20 ⁰C, and a 12 hours dark, 12 hours UV light cycle. Isolate 231274 produced abundant macro- and microconidia characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum while macroconidia were never observed in isolate 231725. On potato dextrose agar (PDA), colonies of isolate 231274 were purple in color and colonies of isolate 231725 were pinkish with abundant aerial mycelium. For PCR-assay, DNA from mycelia was extracted using Easy-DNA kit (Invitrogen). A portion of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) gene was amplified using primers F-728F (Carbone and Kohn. 1999) and EF2 (O'Donnell et al. 1998) as described by Aas et al. 2018. Blast analysis of both sequences (accession no. MW316853 for 231274 and MW316854 for 231275) obtained a 99% homology with the sequence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (FOL) race 1 strain S1 (accession no. DQ837657)(Mbofung et al. 2007). Both isolates were identified as race 1 by using specific primers Hani3’ and Hanilatt3rev (Pasquali et al. 2007) as described by Cabral et al. 2014. To complete Koch’s postulate, lettuce plants of the cultivar Frillice were used. Race identity was confirmed using the differential lettuce cultivars Costa Rica No.4 (resistant to FOL race 1), Banchu Red Fire (resistant to FOL races 2 and 4) and Romana Romabella (resistant to FOL races 1 and 2) (Gilardi et al. 2017) provided by the breeding company Rijk Zwaan (De Lier, The Netherlands). For inoculation, roots of six 2-weeks old seedlings per cultivar were dipped in a spore suspension (1 x 106 CFU/ml) for 1 min, while controls were dipped in distilled water. Seedlings were planted in 250 ml pots containing fertilized potting substrate, and were placed in a greenhouse with temperature ranging from 15 to 35 ⁰C and an average of 23 ⁰C. After 10 days reduced growth was observed in cultivars Frillice and Banchu Red Fire for both fungal isolates. After 25 days wilting was observed in both cultivars. Affected plants presented discoloration of vascular tissue. No difference in growth was observed between cultivars Romana Romabella and Costa Rica No. 4 and their respective controls. FOL was re-isolated from all inoculated cultivars but not from controls. The colony patterns of the recovered isolates were the same than those of the isolates used for inoculation. These results confirm that the isolate belongs to race 1. Greenhouse lettuce in Norway is mainly produced in hydroponics. FOL is here reported to cause damages in soil- grown lettuce. Nevertheless FOL in hydroponic systems has been reported in Japan (Fujinaga et al. 2003) and Thailand (Thongkamngam and Jaenaksorn 2017). Thus, the possibility of infections in hydroponics remain a big concern for lettuce production in Norway.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity and Characterization of Indigenous Soil Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi Against Onion Wilt Incited by Fusarium sp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Karim ◽  
Andi Asmawati ◽  
Oslan Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing amount of global shallot production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates which have Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Foc growth. B1 and B4 bacterial isolates had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93% and 72.27% respectively. Whereas C1 and C2 fungal isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Foc by as much as 74.82% and 67.76% respectively. The four tested microbial isolates were able to significantly inhibit Foc activity in vitro based on the ANOVA test, with values α = 0.05, and n = 3. Molecular analysis based on 16S-rRNA markers showed bacterial isolates B1 and B4 have an evolutionary relationship with B. subtilis. Whereas fungi C1 and C2 have evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma asperellum respectively, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers. The results of this study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) on shallots.

The 24-kDa protein from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli: occurrence in related fungi and the effect of growth medium on its production

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Bailey ◽  
James C. Jennings ◽  
James D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Casamino Acids

A 24-kDa protein that elicits ethylene production and necrosis in leaves of dicotyledonous plants was previously purified from culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f.sp. erythroxyli. Antisera to the denatured 24-kDa protein detected 2.5 ng of the 24-kDa protein on Western blots at 100 000-fold dilutions. The antisera cross-reacted with a 24-kDa protein on Western blots of culture filtrates from three other F. oxysporum formae speciales. Of seven Fusarium species, only F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum Ellis and Kellerm., and F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc. isolates produced an antigenically related 24-kDa protein. Although there were differences in the profiles of proteins extracted from stems of coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca L. Lam.) infected with F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli compared with uninfected stems, antisera to the 24-kDa protein did not cross-react with any proteins from the infected coca stems. For the fungal isolates studied, the best medium tested for production of the 24-kDa protein contained 1% sucrose and 1% asparagine. Biological activity of the F. oxysporum culture filtrates on sweet basil leaves was consistently correlated with the presence of the 24-kDa protein. Production of the 24-kDa protein was limited in cultures containing pectin or cellulose as the primary carbon source, or in cultures lacking sucrose or casamino acids. Water-soluble extracts from coca stems inhibited production of the 24-kDa protein, whereas cellulose and pectin did not. Components produced by the plant may limit production of the 24-kDa protein in infected plant tissue and thereby limit the response of the plant to the fungus. These results suggest the 24-kDa protein does not function in the symptomatic phase of the F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli–coca disease interaction.Key words: Fusarium oxysporum, toxin, elicitor.

scholarly journals Potensi jamur rizosfer bawang merah dalam menekan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, penyebab penyakit busuk umbi bawang merah

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Satriyo Restu Adhi ◽  
Tarkus Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Sari. Penyakit busuk umbi yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah. Pengendalian penyakit busuk umbi yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan pengendalian biologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur asal rizosfer tanaman bawang merah yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap Foc. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada bulan November 2017 hingga Januari 2018. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri atas: (1) isolasi dari tanah rizosfer pertanaman bawang merah asal Desa Pelayangan Kabupaten Cirebon, (2) uji antagonisme secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dan (3) uji kemampuan jamur rizosfer dalam memicu perkecambahan benih bawang merah. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh 11 isolat jamur rizosfer yang terdiri atas genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, dan Trichoderma yang memiliki karakteristik mikroskopis yang berbeda satu sama lain. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan bahwa 11 isolat jamur rizosfer yang diuji memiliki sifat antagonistik dan dapat menghambat jamur Foc secara in-vitro antara 65,58% hingga 84,71%. Isolat JRC1 (Aspergillus) dan JRC6 (Paecilomyces) memiliki sifat memicu perkecambahan benih bawang merah.Kata kunci: Bawang merah ∙ Jamur antagonis rizosfer ∙ Busuk umbi ∙ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cepaeAbstract. Basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) is one of the important diseases in shallot. Biological control is one of the environmentally friendly control methods. The purpose of this research was to obtain isolates of rhizospheric fungi of shallot which were antagonistic against Foc. Research has been conducted at the Laboratory of Phytopathology Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, from November 2017 up to January 2018. The research consisted of: (1) isolation of fungi from shallot rhizosphere soil of shallot plantation located at Desa Pelayangan Cirebon, West Java, (2) in-vitro antagonistic test using a completely randomized design (CRD), and (3) test the ability of selected fungal isolates to triggering shallot seed germination. The experiment obtained 11 isolates of the antagonistic rhizospheric fungi consisted of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, and Trichoderma which have different microscopic characteristics. The results showed that antagonistic rhizospheric fungi inhibit the growth of Foc. Their inhibitions rate ranged from 65.58% to 84.71%. The isolates of JRC1 (Aspergillus) and JRC6 (Paecilomyces) were able to trigger the germination of shallot seeds.Keywords: Shallot ∙ Antagonistic rhizospheric fungi ∙ Basal rot ∙ Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae

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