scholarly journals Intellectual prerequisites of a feminist discourse’s formation in the history of the Russian sociology

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
S. A. Baturenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
General Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers intellectual premises of forming of a feministic discourse in the Russian sociology are considered. The origin perspective in Russia of feminism as social phenomenon and theory of feminism in the history of the Russian social thought begins with them. The developed prerequisites promoted an indication of interest of the first Russian sociologists to this problem. The specifics of historical and cultural development exerted impact on judgment of a set of questions within social sciences including on need of a research of “women’s issue”. Many outstanding sociologists actively worked at a turn of the 19–20th centuries in the field of studying of this problem. The question of social position and role of women attracted a keen interest of representatives of the most different directions of sociological science of the classical period of development in Russia: positivistic, neopositivistic, subjective sociology, genetic, neokantian, Marxist, geographical direction. The author notes that judgment of a women’s issue in Russia began much earlier, namely in the first half of the 19th century to what a huge number of books and articles on this perspective testifies. The problem of position of women in society is considerably expressed in the context of the Russian culture, and widely reveals in the Russian literature in works of the famous writers, poets, publicists, philosophers. Statement of a problem of inequality, overcoming a dependency of the woman, providing her rights in Russia differs from western in original specifics. These specifics are caused by historical and social development of society, formation of legal system, religious consciousness. On the one hand, considerable impact was exerted by the European social thinkers. On the other hand, it is possible to speak about the Russian philosophers of this period who developed a problem of female equality in the works and in many respects defined the general direction of development of domestic sociology. In article the process of intellectual development of the Russian social thought which is directly preceding emergence of sociology in Russia and to forming of a feministic discourse within some leading schools of sciences is analyzed.

scholarly journals Prerequisites of feminist discourse formation in Russian sociology of the XIX c.: M. I. Mikhailov .

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Sergey Baturenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Classical Sociology

The article considers the ideas of the Russian writer, poet and journalist M. I. Mikhailov, that became intellectual prerequisites for the formation of feminist discourse in Russian sociology of the XIX century. Domestic thinkers have contributed greatly to the emergence in Russia of feminism as a social phenomenon and the theory of feminism in the history of Russian social thought. The specifics of historical and cultural development have influenced the reflection of many issues within the social sciences, including the need to explore the “female issue” in sociology. The author shows that the problem of the position of women in society is markedly expressed in the context of Russian culture and is widely revealed in Russian literature in the works of famous writers, poets, journalists, philosophers, in particular in the works of M. Mikhailov. This article can be considered as an attempt to develop and deepen courses on the history of Russian sociology, it gives an idea of how feminist discourse was formed in classical sociology. The presentation of the problem of inequality, overcoming the dependent position of women and ensuring their rights in Russia differs from the Western specificity. This difference is reflected in the works of M. Mikhailov. The author shows significant influence on shaping the feminist discourse of European scholars, on the one hand. On the other hand, the author describes a revision and critical analysis of these ideas in the works of the Russian writer. The article analyzed Mikhailov’s creativity as one of the components of the process of spiritual and intellectual development of Russian social thought, immediately preceding the emergence of sociology in Russia and the formation of feminist discourse within some leading scientific schools.

Warfare in Spanish America

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

In the same way that it is possible to understand warfare as organized violence with political ends, it is also useful to think of it as a particular condition of a society: a set of radically transforming experiences of individuals and communities; an unpredictable and chaotic process that defines identities and produces new forms of common life; and the creative space of a particular culture marked by different types of relationships between the members of a community. As can be seen from several historiographical traditions, there is a direct relationship between warfare and the process of state building: the state makes war and war makes the state. The regime established in America from the end of the 15th century to the 19th century can be explained by this relationship between institutional construction and the practice of violence. Like any empire of its time, the Spanish monarchy founded its authority, part of its legitimacy, its fiscal and administrative organization, its bureaucracy, its control systems, and its trade opportunities on the ground of warfare, and with these characteristics informed the slow and problematic processes of conquest, colonization, and subjection of the New World. Approaching Spanish America through both warfare and the military offers two major advantages: on the one hand, learning the history of its institutional, social, political, economic, and cultural development, and on the other, identifying the prolific historiography that has studied it. This bibliographical selection expresses both fields: the history of warfare in Spanish America and its changing historiography. The characteristics, pretensions, contradictions, and flaws of the Spanish institutional framework that for three centuries expanded from the Caribbean and came to dominate immense regions of North, Central, and South America until it entered into crisis and collapsed, leading to the emergence of national states, can be understood from its capacity to mobilize economic and human resources for warfare. Likewise, these very diverse armed forces involved in such processes were historical expressions of the societies that produced them. The studies in this bibliography express the historical complexity of Spanish America from the perspective of organization and experience of warfare. Although the sections are thematic, as far as possible the selection seeks to include in each case the broad spectrum of the three centuries of colonial domination; the sections referring to War Experiences do evolve with a more chronological criterion from conquests to independences and the emergence of national states.

Another turn of the screw on the history of the reaction object construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bouso ◽  
Pablo Ruano San Segundo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sentimental Novel ◽  
Direct Discourse ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article deals with the Reaction Object Construction (ROC), as in She smiled disbelief, where an intransitive verb (smile), by adding an emotional object (disbelief), acquires the extended sense “express X by V−ing” (i.e. “She expressed disbelief by smiling”). Earlier research has suggested a diachronic connection between the ROC and Direct Discourse Constructions (DDCs) of the type She smiled, “I don’t believe you” (Visser 1963–1973). More recently, Bouso (2018) has shown that the ROC is primarily a feature of 19th century narrative fiction. This paper aims to bring together these insights. On the basis of a self-compiled corpus and De Smet’s Corpus of English Novels, it investigates the productivity of the ROC in 19th and 20th century fiction, and the role of DDCs in its development. The results reveal a peak in the productivity of the ROC that coincides with the development of the sentimental novel, and a correlation between the development of the ROC on the one hand and of those DDCs that have been mistakenly hypothesised to be its single source constructions on the other. Extravagance is proposed as a triggering factor for the use of the ROC in the 19th century as an alternative to DDCs.

scholarly journals Effective investment policy as the basis for the economic development of the region: experience in education

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Малика Усамовна Байсаева ◽  
Зубайр Исмаилович Байсаев ◽  
Алихан Зелимханович Бурсагов
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Function

Основное содержание значительных сдвигов, происходящих в социально-экономическом устройстве общества заключается в беспрецедентном в масштабах истории человеческого развития увеличении значения и роли знаний и человека как основного императива и цели экономического и общественного развития. Из – за этого чрезвычайную актуальность приобретают исследования именно тех сфер, в которых происходит воспроизводство и развитие человека и знаний, то есть, прежде всего образования. Развитие системы образования в России в контексте общеевропейских и мировых интеграционных процессов предопределяет необходимость обновления деятельности всех образовательных  звеньев, в частности дошкольного, так же, как и в начальной, средней или высшей, ведь глобализационные тенденции сегодня ставят перед выпускниками каждой из них более высокие требования к личностному интеллектуальному развитию. На поверхности жизни общества образование предстает как условное взаимообусловленное единство двух блоков-экономического и неэкономического. Экономическая функция образования, с одной стороны, заключается в воспроизводстве знаний и рабочей силы, с другой – в предоставлении обществу специфического продукта – образовательных услуг. Неэкономичный блок является сложной совокупностью элементов духовного, ментального, культурного характера, направленных на воссоздание духовно-ментальной матрицы общества. The main content of the significant shifts taking place in the socio-economic structure of society is an unprecedented increase in the importance and role of knowledge and man as the main imperative and goal of economic and social development in the history of human development. Because of this, research in precisely those areas in which the reproduction and development of man and knowledge takes place, that is, first of all, education, becomes extremely relevant. The development of the education system in Russia in the context of pan-European and global integration processes determines the need to update the activities of all educational units, in particular preschool, as well as in primary, secondary or higher, because globalization trends today put higher requirements for personal intellectual development for graduates of each of them. On the surface of the life of society, education appears as a conditional mutually conditioned unity of two blocks-economic and non-economic. The economic function of education, on the one hand, is to reproduce knowledge and labor, on the other - to provide society with a specific product-educational services. An uneconomical block is a complex set of elements of a spiritual, mental, and cultural nature aimed at recreating the spiritual and mental matrix of society.

scholarly journals The Formularies of Unity and the Dutch Reformed Church: A preliminary survey

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Britz
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sixth Decade ◽  
The Church ◽  
Dutch Reformed Church

This article undertakes a survey of the application of the Formularies of Unity by the Dutch Reformed Church, covering its history from the 18th century to approximately 1935. Although these Formularies were the accepted confessional basis of the church, it did not prevent additional theological accommodation during the 18th century. During the first part of the 19th century an institutional concept of the church put forward a subscribing formula. The confession became important. In principle the way was opened for an institutional and contractual enforcement of the Formu­laries. This happened when the church was involved in the wide-ranging li­beral struggle during the sixth decade. Even before the 20th century a new approach in which the role of the Formularies was seen more dogmatically and confessionalistically came to the fore. And, when the church was once again entangled in a struggle (viz. the well-known 'Du Plessis case' of the 1930's) the dogmatic point of departure played into the hands of a con­fessional fundamentalism. In the history of the Dutch Reformed Church, the Formularies thus gained in ecclesiological emphasis and value and its application was conditioned by the context and theological influence. Most importantly, the underlying problem of its historicity on the one hand, and its scriptural context and intent on the other hand, remained an unpaid account.

NURTURING OF CHILDREN THROUGH DRAMA AND THEATRE: THE CASE OF INTWASA KOBULAWAYO PERFORMANCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Vimbai Moreblessing Matiza
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Dramatic and theatrical performances have a long history of being used as tools to enhance development in children and youth. In pre-colonial times there were some forms of drama and theatre used by different communities in the socialisation of children. It is in the same vein that this article, through the Intwasa koBulawayo performances, seeks to evaluate how drama and theatre are used to nurture children and youth into different developmental facets of their lives. The only difference which this article will take into cognisance is that the performances are done in a different environment, which is not the one used in the pre-colonial times. Although these performances were like this, the most important factor is the idea that children and youth are socialised through these performances. It is also against this backdrop that children and youth are growing up in a globalised environment, hence the performances should accommodate people from all walks of life and teach them relevant issues pertaining to life as they live it now. Thus the main task of the article is to spell out the role of drama and theatre in the nurturing of children and youth through socio economic and political development in Intwasa koBulawayo festivals.

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

scholarly journals Kant, Nietzsche and the idealization of friendship into nihilism

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (128) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Paul van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Is friendship still possible under nihilistic conditions? Kant and Nietzsche are important stages in the history of the idealization of friendship, which leads inevitably to the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche himself claims on the one hand that only something like friendship can save us in our nihilistic condition, but on the other hand that precisely friendship has been unmasked and become impossible by these very conditions. It seems we are struck in the nihilistic paradox of not being allowed to believe in the possibility of what we cannot do without. Literary imagination since the 19th century seems to make us even more skeptical. Maybe Beckett provides an illustration of a way out that fits well to Nietzsche's claim that only "the most moderate, those who do not require any extreme articles of faith" will be able to cope with nihilism.

scholarly journals Authorial Self and Modernity as Reflected in Diaries and Memoirs. Three 19th-Century Hungarian Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Béla Mester
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

Abstract The role of the diaries and memoirs in the process of the conscious self-reflection and their contribution to the emergence of modern individual personalities are well-known facts of the intellectual history. The present paper intends to analyze a special form of the creation of modern individual character; it is the self-creation of the writer as a conscious personality, often with a clearly formulated opinion about her/his own social role. There will be offered several examples from the 19th-century history of the Hungarian intelligentsia. This period is more or less identical with the modernization of the “cultural industry” in Hungary, dominated by the periodicals with their deadlines, fixed lengths of the articles, and professional editing houses on the one hand and the cultural nation building on the other. Concerning the possible social and cultural role of the intelligentsia, it is the moment of the birth of a new type, so-called public intellectual. I will focus on three written sources, a diary of a Calvinist student of theology, Péter (Litkei) Tóth, the memoirs of an influential public intellectual, Gusztáv Szontagh, and a belletristic printed diary of a young intellectual, János Asbóth.

scholarly journals Development history and social role of writing

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Ye Tuyte ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Writing is very important for human society. This is the highest indicator of cultural development. Writing provides linguistic communication between people. For many centuries man has been using writing to communicate with each other. It helps to connect people who are from each other both at close and at a great distance. The article examines the problem of the origin of writing in the history of mankind, the history of the formation and development of the known types of writing, as well as its social role (functions). The article reveals the issues of the process of improving writing: its meaning in the development of society, the main stages of its formation. The letter has a long and complex history of its development, which covers a period of several thousand years. Therefore, the article determines the place of pictographic, ideographic, syllabic and letter psychology in meeting social needs. of its time. The writing of the peoples of the world has developed along different paths, the writing of each language of the world has its own characteristics that distinguish it from all other types of written speech. The article covers in detail such issues as the approximate time of the origin of writing, the causes and foundations of its occurrence, i.e. the factors that influenced its emergence, as well as the first users of writing, the form of the first writing, its evolutionary development over time, existing today types and signs of writing. The issues of the alphabet that caused the origin of writing (writing), the first sounds and types of Phoenician writing, its improvement, Greek and Aramaic writing, which caused the origin of the alphabet of the countries of the West and the East, problems of the science of descriptiveness — the problem of graphics, spelling, transcription and transliteration are considered.

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