scholarly journals IMMATURE PLATELET FRACTION (IPF) DAN TROMBOPOIETIN DI SIROSIS HATI

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Esti Rohani ◽  
Yetti Hernaningsih ◽  
Suprapto Ma’at ◽  
Ummi Maimunah
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class A ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class B ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Liver cirrhosis remains a major clinical problem worldwide when associated with significant morbidity and mortality due toits complications. The presence of liver cirrhosis state affects the production of TPO influencing the process of thrombopoiesis. Thethrombopoiesis activity can be described by the Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) value which is young platelets. The immature Plateletfraction value increases when platelet production enhances as well, on the contrary when the production declines, the IPF value is alsodecreased. This study was performed by cross-sectional method using 31 subject samples suffering from liver cirrhosis, consisting of ChildPugh score class A 2 samples (6.4%), Child Pugh score class B 9 samples (29%) and Child Pugh score class C 20 samples (64.6%). Theexamination of TPO levels was done by ELISA method using Humans TPO QuantikineR, the IPF value was examined using Sysmex XE-2100 Hematology Analyzer. The thrombopoietin serum levels in the samples ranged from 23.5 to 96.6 pg/mL with a mean of 45.1pg/mL.The immature Platelet Fraction values varied from 1.7% to 19.1% with a mean of 6.7%. From the statistical analysis, the levels of TPO andIPF at various degrees of the disease severity were not significantly different. There was no significant correlation between the TPO leveland IPF value, r = 0.038, p = 0.837. There was no significant difference between the TPO level and the IPF value in the splenomegaly andnonsplenomegaly state. In conclusion, based on this study no significant correlation was found between the IPF value with thrombopoietinserum levels, as well as the IPF and thrombopoietin levels, and there was no association with the disease severity.

scholarly journals Correlation of global longitudinal strain with disease severity in liver cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Dimitroglou ◽  
C Aggeli ◽  
A Alexopoulou ◽  
T Alexopoulos ◽  
D Patsourakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Pugh Class ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Class C

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction/purpose Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is characterized by high cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance and diastolic dysfunction and has been correlated with cirrhosis severity and prognosis. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive marker of cardiac dysfunction which is considered relatively independent of preload and afterload conditions and thus may be of high diagnostic significance in this special population. We sought to investigate alterations of GLS relating to disease severity in cirrhotic patients. Methods Echocardiographic analysis of 51 consecutive cirrhotic patients was performed. Images were acquired and analyzed off-line. GLS was calculated with a semi-automatic way using dedicated software.  Clinical and biochemical examination were used to assess severity of liver disease by calculating Child-Pugh class (class C patients have more severe disease than class B and A patients) and MELD-Na score (increased score as the disease progresses). Results Mean age was 58.4 ± 8.7 years, 38 (74.5%) were males. Among patients, 22 (43.1%) were Child-Pugh class A, 17 (33.3%) Child-Pugh B and 12 (23.5%) Child-Pugh C and mean MELD-Na score was 15.3 ± 7.5. Mean left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEDV) was 117 ± 29ml, mean stroke volume (SV) 72.5 ± 19.9ml , mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 61.0 ± 5.0%, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) 128 ± 13mmHg, mean ratio of peak transmitral to peak annular (septal) velocity during early diastole (E/e’ ratio) 10.4 ± 4.5, mean left atrial volume index (LAVI) 37.4 ± 11.8 ml/cm2  and mean GLS -21.6 ± 2.6%. GLS of Child-Pugh class A patients (-20.3 ± 2.4) was higher (less negative) than GLS of Child-Pugh class B (-22.2 ± 2.2) and class C (-23.0 ± 2.8) patients. Difference between groups B and C was non-significant (figure). Severity of cirrhosis as determined by higher MELD-Na score correlated with LAVI (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), SV (r = 0.554, p < 0.001), GLS (r=-0.441, p = 0.001) and LVEDV (r = 0.428, p = 0.002). GLS correlated with SV (r=-0.369, p = 0.008) but not with preload (LVEDV), or afterload (SBP). In a linear regression model, GLS was independently associated with Meld-Na score when adjusting for age, SBP, LVEDV and NASH etiology [B=-0.139 (-0.252; -0.025), p = 0.018]. Conclusions GLS is lower (more negative) in patients with liver cirrhosis as disease progresses a relation not affected by preload and afterload conditions. Further research works are required to explain the underlying pathophysiology and to assess prognostic significance of reduced GLS values in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Abstract Figure. GLS stratified by Child-Pugh score

scholarly journals Correlation of Grading of Esophageal Varices with Child Turcotte Pugh Class in Patients of Liver Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Dipendra Khadka ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class A ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Class B ◽  
Pugh Class ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Small Varices

Background: Majority of cirrhotic patients develop  varices over their lifetime and it is anticipated that roughly one third of varices will develop bleeding. Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) class predicts the risk of variceal bleeding and has been used as a prognostic tool inpatients of liver cirrhosis. Objective: To correlate grade of esophageal varices in Upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy with Child Turcotte Pugh class in patients of liver cirrhosis. Material and method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in thedepartment of medicine of NGMCTH, Kohalpur between December 2017 to November 2018. A total of 97 patients were included inthe study who were diagnosed as cirrhosis of liver clinically and radio logically. Patient were classified into CTP class A, B and According to CTP score. UGI endoscopy was performed and endoscopic grading of esophageal varices were correlated with CTP classand the data were recorded and analysed. Result: Mean of patients was 50 years. Among 97 patients, 30 (30.9%) were in CTP class A,30 (30.9%) in CTP class B and 37 (38.1%) were in CTP class C. 25 (25.8%) had small varices, 50 (51.5%) had large varices with red colorsign, 20 (20.6%) had large varices without red color sign and 2 (2.1%) had no varices. Most of the patients in CTP class B and C hadlarge varices with red color sign whereas CTP class A had small varices. Conclusion: The cirrhotic patients in CTP class B and C havelarge varices with red color sign and have more chances of bleeding. Hence, routine screening is indicated to determine the presenceof varices. Porphylactic therapy after identifying large varices will decrease the incidence of bleeding leading to reduction inmortality rate.

scholarly journals Correlation between Genotypic Diversity, Lipooligosaccharide Gene Locus Class Variation, and Caco-2 Cell Invasion Potential of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Chicken Meat and Humans: Contribution to Virulotyping

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 4277-4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Habib ◽  
Rogier Louwen ◽  
Mieke Uyttendaele ◽  
Kurt Houf ◽  
Olivier Vandenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Class A ◽  
Invasion Potential ◽  
Cell Surface Carbohydrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class B ◽  
Class C

ABSTRACT Significant interest in studying the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Campylobacter jejuni has stemmed from its potential role in postinfection paralytic disorders. In this study we present the results of PCR screening of five LOS locus classes (A, B, C, D, and E) for a collection of 116 C. jejuni isolates from chicken meat (n = 76) and sporadic human cases of diarrhea (n = 40). We correlated LOS classes with clonal complexes (CC) assigned by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Finally, we evaluated the invasion potential of a panel of 52 of these C. jejuni isolates for Caco-2 cells. PCR screening showed that 87.1% (101/116) of isolates could be assigned to LOS class A, B, C, D, or E. Concordance between LOS classes and certain MLST CC was revealed. The majority (85.7% [24/28]) of C. jejuni isolates grouped in CC-21 were shown to express LOS locus class C. The invasion potential of C. jejuni isolates possessing sialylated LOS (n = 29; classes A, B, and C) for Caco-2 cells was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of C. jejuni isolates with nonsialylated LOS (n = 23; classes D and E). There was no significant difference in invasiveness between chicken meat and human isolates. However, C. jejuni isolates assigned to CC-206 (correlated with LOS class B) or CC-21 (correlated with LOS class C) showed statistically significantly higher levels of invasion than isolates from other CC. Correlation between LOS classes and CC was further confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The present study reveals a correlation between genotypic diversity and LOS locus classes of C. jejuni. We showed that simple PCR screening for C. jejuni LOS classes could reliably predict certain MLST CC and add to the interpretation of molecular-typing results. Our study corroborates that sialylation of LOS is advantageous for C. jejuni fitness and virulence in different hosts. The modulation of cell surface carbohydrate structure could enhance the ability of C. jejuni to adapt to or survive in a host.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-6 influence the development of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Xia ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Chunhong Huang ◽  
Guohua Lou ◽  
Bingjue Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Infected Liver

Abstract Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in chronic inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 polymorphisms in predicting the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related liver cirrhosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analysis IL-6 polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 in HBV-infected patients of different clinical phases and in healthy controls. IL-6 polymorphisms were detected by Taqman PCR method and plasma IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA. Results Our analysis included 182 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 190 HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases, 125 inactive HBsAg carriers, and 246 healthy controls. Seven SNPs in IL-6 including rs10499563, rs17147230, rs1800796, rs2069837, rs1524107, rs2066992, rs2069852 were analyzed. In haplotype analysis between HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls, haplotype CT in block 1 and haplotype GGCGG in block 2 were associated with liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). What’s more, the genotype or allele frequencies were significantly different in IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 when HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients compared with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls. A further study found that compared with the controls or CHB patients, plasma IL-6 was elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 are associated with the susceptibility of liver cirrhosis may through their effects on IL-6 expressions and these two single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as potential predicting markers for prognosis of HBV-infected liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Serum levels of CXCL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in ankylosing spondylitis patients

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhuha Karim
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wbc Count

The mean age of AS patients was (35.0 ± 9.8) years.When the patients and control subjects were divided into different age groups (>40, 30-40, <30 years), the differences were not significantin terms of disease prevalence. The results also showed that the percentage of male patients is higher than that of females. There was no significant difference (P?0.05) between patients and controls in the distribution of males and females.Most of the patients had the disease for a period of 5 years or higher, with a disease severity of ? 2.1 and functional disability degree of I, II. The resultsshoweddifferent patterns of distribution for the three tested cytokines. A significant increase in the level of TNF-?, anon-significantincrease in the level of CXCL-8, and a significant decrease in the level of IL-10 were observed in the sera of patients with AS compared with the control.The patients also demonstrated significant decreases in the serum ALT and AST enzyme levels, hemoglobin (Hb) level, white blood cells (WBC) count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P?0.05).The percentage of HLA-B27-positive Iraqi patients was lower than that of the HLA-B27-negative patients. Some of these patterns were also exposed to changes related to some determinants in patients, which included age, sex, disease duration, disease severity, functional disability, and HLA-B27 positivity,along with association with clinical subtypes of AS.The area under the curve was determined for the parameters of ESR, IL-10, TNF-? and CXCL-8.The most significant factor was found to beESR, followed by IL-10, and then TNF-?, with the presence of significant differences, while there was no diagnostic significance for CXCL-8 ,which showed no significant difference (p?0.05).  

Cardiomyopathy in Cirrhotic Patients and Its Relationship with the Severity of Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2779-2782
Author(s):  
Saira Khalid ◽  
Nasir Shah ◽  
Yasir Abbas Zaidi ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Hasan ◽  
Saqib Jahangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class C

Study Objectives: To determine the frequency of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis and to compare it across varying grades of cirrhosis on Child Turcotte Pugh classification. Study Design and Settings: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried at Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital Lahore over 1 year from Jan 2018 to Dec 2018. Patients and Methods: The present research involved 100 male and female patients aged between 16-70 years having liver cirrhosis diagnosed at least 6 months ago. These patients underwent echocardiographic screening of cardiomyopathy which was diagnosed by the presence of diastolic dysfunction (i.e. increased E/A ratio>1). An informed written consent was obtained from every patient. Results of the Study: There was a male predominance (M:F, 1.6:1) among cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 51.9±9.8 years. The mean BMI was 26.5±3.7 Kg/m2 while the mean duration of cirrhosis was 22.0±10.9 months. Majority (49.0%) of the patients belonged to CTP Class C followed by Class-B (39.0%) and Class-A (12.0%). Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was observed in 41.0% patients with cirrhosis. There was statistically insignificant difference in the observed frequency of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy among various subgroups of cirrhotic patients depending upon patient’s age (p-value=0.928), gender (p-value=0.997), BMI (p-value=0.983) and duration of disease (p-value=0.782). However, it increased considerably with worsening of disease on CTP Classification; Class-A vs. Class-B vs. Class-C (8.3% vs. 35.9% vs. 53.1%; p-value=0.013). Conclusion: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was observed in a substantial proportion of cirrhotic patients and was more frequent in patients with more severe disease which warrants routine echocardiographic screening of cirrhotic patients so that timely recognition and anticipated treatment of this complication may improve the case outcome in future medical practice. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Cardiomyopathy, Child Turcotte Pugh Class

scholarly journals MONITORING OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SPIRONOLACTONE THERAPY AND ITS COMBINATIONS WITH FUROSEMIDE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ASCITES IN RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Elliya Siswanti ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Juwita Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Program Version

Objectives: Spironolactone and furosemide are diuretics used to treat liver cirrhosis with ascites, but not case studies have been found to distinguish the effects of spironolactone and its combination with furosemide in cases of cirrhosis accompanied by ascites. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy and its combination with furosemide to liver cirrhosis patients accompanied ascites.Methods: This research was done by cross-sectional prospective method. 26 patients in RSUP H Adam Malik Medan for 3 months were divided into two groups. The first group of nine patients, age between 39 and 65 years, was given spironolactone. The second group of 17 patients, age between 20 and 81 years, was given spironolactone combined with furosemide. The sample data were analyzed with statistics using Mann–Whitney U-test, SPSS program version 22.Result: Based on Mann–Whitney U statistic test, the value of Asymp. significance (2-tailed) 0.435 for urine Na/K at time, and Asymp. significance value (2-tailed) 0.628 24 h urine sodium examination, based on the value, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between spironolactone with its combination with furosemide. Even though the significant value were 0.628 mEq and 0.435 mEq (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the combination of spironolactone with furosemide was better than compared to spironolactone. Although there was not statistically significant difference if seen from the comparison of 24 h of urine sodium value with a normal value of 78 mEq.

scholarly journals Host Inflammatory Biomarkers of Disease Severity in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina D Fernandes ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Maria Carolina M Costa ◽  
Maria Clara M Costa ◽  
Maria Heloina M Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children. Identification of reliable biomarkers offers the potential to develop a severity quantitative score to assist in clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on November 13, 2018, to examine the association between host inflammatory biomarkers and CAP severity in children. The inclusion criteria were case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that examined candidate serum biomarkers. We extracted outcomes of interest, means, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) of plasma and serum levels of biomarkers together with information on disease severity. Meta-analysis was performed. This review was registered in the PROSPERO international registry (CRD42019123351). Results Two hundred seventy-two abstracts were identified, and 17 studies were included. Among the biomarkers evaluated, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; SMD, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.91), interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.66), IL-8 (SMD, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.29), neutrophil count (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.47), and procalcitonin (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.15) were substantially increased in severe CAP. In contrast, IL-2 concentrations (SMD, –0.24; 95% CI, –0.45 to –0.03) were higher in nonsevere CAP. Study heterogeneity was reported to be high (I2 &gt; 75%), except for IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12p70, which were classified as moderate (I2 = 50%–74%). Only neutrophil and white blood cell counts were described by studies exhibiting a low level of heterogeneity. Conclusions Our results suggest that host biomarkers, and especially CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and procalcitonin levels, have the potential to predict severe CAP in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals Alert for bone alterations and low serum concentrations of vitamin D in patients with intestinal inflammatory disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorete Maria da Silva Kotze ◽  
◽  
Carolina Tabata Costa ◽  
Murilo Franco Cavassani ◽  
Renato Mitsunori Nisihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Summary Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine that can reduce the absorption of nutrients such as vitamin D and calcium. Objective: To investigate bone alterations and serum levels of vitamin D in patients with IBD. Method: This was a cross-sectional study based on a review of medical records of patients from a private office in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Serum levels of vitamin D and bone densitometry were measured at diagnosis of IBD. A total of 105 patients were included; 38 (58.4%) with CD; 27 (41.6%) with UC and 40 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as comparison group. Results: When compared to patients with UC, CD patients showed a higher prevalence of bone alterations, being 15.8% with osteoporosis and 36.8% with osteopenia. In UC, bone alterations occurred in 29.6% of cases, 3.7% with osteoporosis and 25.9% with osteopenia. As for vitamin D levels, among CD patients, 10.5% had vitamin deficiency, 65.8% insufficiency and 23.7% were sufficient. In UC, 7.4% of cases had deficiency, 74.1% insufficiency and 18.5% had sufficient serum levels of vitamin D. In the group with IBS, deficiency was observed in 17.5% of cases, insufficiency in 55% and sufficiency in 27.5% of them. There was no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: IBD patients have a high prevalence of bone changes, especially those with CD. Serum levels of vitamin D are below the recommended in all the evaluated groups.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Severity and Comorbidities in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samimagham ◽  
Mehdi Hassani Azad ◽  
Mohsen Arabi ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar ◽  
Abbas Sheikhtaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Severe Group

Background: This study aimed to investigate the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 171 diabetic patients with COVID-19 admitted based on chest CT scan findings to the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Hormozgan, Iran from 1 March to 1 June, 2020. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed, and the patients were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the severity of disease. Then we investigated the demographic factors, comorbidities, and laboratory results of diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 severity. Results: Regarding comorbidities, there was no significant difference between the three groups. Moreover, there was a significantly lower lymphocyte count in the severe group compared to moderate and mild groups (P = 0.001). We showed the increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to be significantly associated with increased disease severity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). We also showed a significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between different groups of patients (P = 0.002) with a higher level of AST in the severe group (P = 0.020). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and troponin were also significantly associated with an increase in COVID-19 severity in patients with diabetes (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: There was a significant association between disease severity and BUN, creatinine, AST, LDH, and troponin levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19. There was no significant association between different groups regarding severity of disease and comorbidities.

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