scholarly journals Salinity: A primary growth driver of mangrove forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABHIJIT Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Avicennia Alba ◽  
Spatial Locations

The biomass of three dominant mangrove species (Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia alba and Excoecaria agallocha) in the Indian Sundarbans, the designated World Heritage Site was evaluated to understand whether the biomass vary with spatial locations (western region vs. central region) and with seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon). The reasons for selecting these two regions and seasons are the contrasting variation in salinity. Among the three studied species, Sonneratia apetala showed the maximum biomass followed by Avicennia alba and Excoecaria agallocha. We also observed that the biomass varied significantly with spatial locations (p<0.05), but not with seasons. The variation may be attributed to different environmental conditions to which these forest patches are exposed to.

scholarly journals Inventory of mangrove forest as part of management effort in coastal area of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
SRI SUSANTI NINGSIH ◽  
RETNO WIDHIASTUTI ◽  
BUDI UTOMO ◽  
GUSLIM GUSLIM
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Management Effort ◽  
Avicennia Alba ◽  
North Sumatra

Ningsih SS, Widhiastuti R, Utomo B, Guslim. 2011. Inventory of mangrove forest as part of management effort in coastal area of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 58-69. The research aims describe and compare the condition and management of the mangroves at Deli Serdang regency. The research aims describe and compare the condition and management of the mangroves at Deli Serdang regency. The research study was conducted in 9 mangrove villages at the coastal region of Deli Serdang regency. The methods used the square line with a line 10 m x 60 m sizes by vertical sea side ways for each village. The seedlings sub size 2 m x 2 m square, the saplings sub size 5 m x 5 m square, and trees level sub sizes 10 m x 10 m. The parameter analysis was important values index, diversities index, profile diagram, the mangrove thickness and salinities. The result, showed that mangrove vegetations was dominated by Avicennia marina (api-api hitam) and followed by Excoecaria agallocha (butabuta) and Avicennia alba (api-api putih). The diversities mangroves of the coastal region Deli Serdang regency are still low. The thickness and the thinness of mangrove forest were found in Paluh Kurau (500 m) and Rugemuk (20 m), respectively. The mangroves villages with the highest canopy wide were in Karang Gading (78,99%), Tanjung Rejo (63,76%), while the lowest one were in Paluh Sibaji (20,58%) and Rugemuk (26,43%). The highest salinity were found at sub districts of Labuhan Deli and Hamparan Perak, while middle salinity at sub district of Percut Sei Tuan, while of district of Pantai Labu the salinity were from low level to middle. Base on the analysis of the vegetation closeness and canopy width, the condition of coastal region of Deli Serdang regency mangroves were destroyed.

scholarly journals Comparative Antioxidative and Antihyperglycemic Profiles of Pneumatophores of Two Mangrove Species Avicennia alba and Sonneratia apetala

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Biswas ◽  
Mimi Golder ◽  
Tannami Islam ◽  
Samir Kumar Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
Avicennia Alba

Ethanolic extracts of pneumatophores of two mangrove species- Avicennia alba and Sonneratia apetala were studied in vitro for antioxidant capacity by measuring their ability to scavenge free radicals and determining total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. In vivo measurement of antihyperglycemic activity of extracts was done by oral glucose tolerance test. In considering the antioxidant activity, S. apetala extract showed superior IC50 (concentration of sample required to inhibit 50% of free radicals) value for scavenging DPPH radical (71.77 μg/ml), hydrogen peroxide radical (97.27 mg/l), hydroxyl radical (79.62 mg/l) and superoxide anion (108.89 mg/l). For A. alba, the values for the radical scavenging assays were much higher. In addition, total phenol, flavonoid and tannin content demonstrated by S. apetala were 204.03 mgGAE/g, 228.68 mgQE/g and 235.89 mgGAE/g whereas for A. alba, they were 65.52 mgGAE/g, 44 mgQE/g and 37.71 mgGAE/g, respectively. In oral glucose tolerance test, S. apetala reduced the blood glucose level to a higher extent than A. alba. So, S. apetala with higher amount of secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, tannin) is a superior source of natural antioxidants and antihyperglycemics. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 205-211, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals An overview of fishes of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh and their present conservation status

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15154-15172
Author(s):  
Kazi Ahsan Habib ◽  
Amit Kumer Neogi ◽  
Najmun Nahar ◽  
Jina Oh ◽  
Youn-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Sundarbans

Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest of the world is located in Bangladesh and India.  Studies done on the diversity of fish fauna in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh are sparse and patchy.  Here we take the opportunity to provide an updated checklist of the fishes of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh based on primary and secondary data.  Field surveys were undertaken in the aquatic habitat of Sundarbans core area along with its adjacent marine habitat from June 2015 to July 2017.  Based on published information and primary observations the updated list of fishes covers a total of 322 species belonging to 217 genera, 96 families, and 22 orders.  Additionally, four species of fishes, are newly reported in Bangladesh waters, viz., Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899; Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915; Carangoides hedlandensis Whitley, 1934; Uranoscopus cognatus Cantor, 1849.  The global IUCN Red List status of each species has been enlisted.  The updated checklist will constitute the reference inventory of fish biodiversity for the Sundarbans, a natural world heritage site. 

scholarly journals Resident’s Awareness Towards Sustainable Tourism for Ecotourism Destination in Sundarban Forest, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Subrato Sarker
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Native People ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Exploitation

Nature-based tourism is increasing throughout the world. Most are based in national parks and restricted areas. UNESCO has declared 28% of the world‟s largest contiguous mangrove forest, the Sundarban, as a world heritage site in 1987. Sundarban is the largest mangrove forest in the world, which is facing various kinds of threats. More than millions of people depends on cutting the tree, hunting animal other sources that are related with Sundarban. Negative natural and anthropogenic impacts and over-exploitation of natural resources have caused severe harm to the ecosystem. A growing human population with few different support opportunities poses a significant threat to the mangrove forest. There is an illegal increase in the reduction of trees and woods in the Sundarban. Deforestation is taking an increase in most of the areas of Sundarban which will ultimately lead to the loss of diversity. The problem of overfishing has placed the surroundings below great pressure. The stock of the fish is decreasing due to the combination of overexploitation and environmental condition changes. The density of the fish in shallow waters reduced enormously. Because of the excessive demand for the prawn product, the native people dropped the normal fishing practices and adopted the prawn seed culture. Earlier traditional agricultural strategies were practiced. But today, people are adopting the techniques of using pesticides and chemicals that are affecting the flora and fauna of the region. The dumping of various industrial and domestic wastes into the river systems also possesses a threat to the environment. This forest ecosystem conjointly has become at risk of pollution, which can have modified the ecosystem. This paper suggests that nature-oriented tourism destination Sundarban can achieve sustainability through public awareness. Well-planned sustainable tourism and residence awareness could provide economic and long-term incentives for conservation and could bring additional benefits to local communities and regional economies. The paper focuses on how to increase residence awareness.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR VEGETASI MANGROVE ALAMI DAN REHABILITASI PESISIR SELATAN PULAU LOMBOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Laily Hunawatun Sani ◽  
Dining Aidil Candri ◽  
Hilman Ahyadi ◽  
Baiq Farista
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Ceriops Decandra ◽  
Avicennia Alba

Abstrak : Rehabilitasi mangrove merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi laju kerusakan hutan mangrove di Indonesia salah satunya di kawasan Teluk Gerupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi mangrove hasil rehabilitasi di Teluk Gerupuk dengan mebandingkan struktur vegetasi mangrove di kawasan tersebut dengan ekosistem mangrove alami. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni 2019 di dua kawasan hutan mangrove di pesisir selatan pulau Lombok yaitu hutan mangrove alami desa Pemongkong dan hutan mangrove rehabilitasi Teluk Gerupuk. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek berpetak dengan ukuran petak 10 x 10 m untuk tipe pohon, sub petak 5 x 5 m untuk tipe pancang, dan petak semai berukuran 2 x 2 m. Terdapat 11 spesies mangrove ditemukan di dalam plot penelitian dengan persebaran spesies yaitu 8 spaesies ditemukan di hutan mangrove alami Pemongkong dan hanya 7 spesies ditemukan di hutan mangrove rehabilitasi Gerupuk. Spesies mangrove yang dimaksud termasuk ke dalam 4 famili yaitu Avicenniaceae (Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. lanata), Rhizophoraceae (Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa), Rubiaceae (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae) dan Sonneratiaceae (Sonneratia alba, S. casiolaris). Struktur vegetasi kedua ekosistem sangat berbeda terlihat pada vegetasi penyusunnya. Hutan mangrove alami Pemongkong didominasi oleh jenis Sonneratia alba dan Avicennia alba yang memiliki Indeks nilai penting (INP) untuk tipe pohon dan pancang dengan nilai masing-masing 132,37 dan 141,52, sedangkan hutan mangrove rehabilitasi didapatkan INP tertinggi pada tipe pohon dan pancang yaitu jenis R. apiculata dan R. stylosa dengan INP berturut-turut 140,5 dan 116,41. Rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dengan metode yang selama ini dilakukan telah mengubah struktur vegetasi hutan mangrove di Pulau Lombok yang juga dapat mempengaruhi fauna asosiasi dan ekosistem sekitar mangrove. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan serta analisis terlebih dahulu terhadap lokasi tujuan rehabilitasi mangrove agar untuk terbentuknya hutan mangrove rehabilitasi yang lebih sesuai dengan biota asosiasi dan ekosistem sekitar yang telah ada sebelumnya.Kata Kunci : Struktur Komunitas, Mangrove, Alami, RehabilitasiAbstract : Rehabilitation of mangrove vegetation was an effort in order to decrease the rate of mangrove ecosystem destruction. This research aimed to determine the vegetation structure and the community status of natural and rehabilitation mangrove forest at South Lombok seashore. This research held on March – June 2019 at two types of mangrove ecosystem such as natural ecosystem at pemongkong, East Lombok and rehabilitation ecosystem at Gerupuk bay, Central Lombok. Data collection used plotted transect method by placed a plot sized 10x 10 m alternately. There are 11 species of mangrove found which belong to 4 families such as Avicenniaceae (Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. lanata), Rhizophoraceae (Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa), Rubiaceae (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae) and Sonneratia (Sonneratia alba, S. casiolaris). Vegetation structure in these 2 location was different based on the composition each vegetation and it proportion. Natural mangrove forest in pemongkong dominated by Sonneratia alba with importance value reached 132,37, meanwhile the rehabilitation area of mangrove ecosystem Gerupuk dominated by Rhizophora apiculata with number of importance value reached 140,5. These differences drove the value of persent of similarity (PS) between these ecosystem only reached 10.41% which categorized as low similarity. Mostly of rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystem conducted cause the alteration of vegetation structure of mangrove in Lombok coastal and affect the mangrove associated fauna and ecosystems. In that case, it really important to analys the condition of mangrove rehabilitation plan location to determine the mangrove species to plant in order to formed a rehabilitiation of mangrove area which more compatible to its associated biota and ecosystems.Keyword : Structure, Mangrove, Natural, Rehabilitation  

The future of the Sundarbans mangroves in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugata Hazra ◽  
Sourav Samanta ◽  
Ananya Halder ◽  
Robert Nicholls ◽  
Jon French
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Sundarbans

&lt;p&gt;The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve is situated near Kolkata in the western part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. The Sundarbans mangroves together with the areas in Bangladesh are the world&amp;#8217;s largest mangrove forest and home to the iconic Royal &amp;#160;Bengal Tiger. It is a Ramsar and World Heritage site. Over the last 20 years the mangroves have retreated from 10 to 50 m/yr along the open coast with the loss of 145 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; area of the biosphere reserve , 40% of which constitute the&amp;#160; mangrove forest. This erosion reflects a response to waves in the Bay of Bengaland relative sea-level rise of about&amp;#160; 5 mm/yr since 1948 which increased further during the last decade. In percentage terms this observed forest land loss is manageable. However, it will continue and almost certainly accelerate with sea-level rise. As well as open coast erosion, inundation will also occur within the mangroves. Hence over many decades,Sundarbans mangroves will be progressively degraded endangering &amp;#160;their iconic species. We are using these observed data and the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM)to explore possible trajectories of the Sundarbans evolution under different sea-level rise scenarios and management interventions. The areas to the north are densely populated and increasingly influenced by the expansion of Kolkata. Discussions with stakeholders suggest a managed retreat does not seem feasible or practical due to the large displaced populations.The paper will discuss theinter linkages of the slow onset hazard in a sinking and shrinking delta to explore pathways to achieve sustainable outcomes in south Asian deltas.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

The Role of New Media in Facilitating Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study: Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Dessy Kania
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Foreign Visitor ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Tourism is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of the country’s foreign exchange revenues. According to the Center of Data and Information - Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the growth of foreign visitor arrivals to Indonesia has increased rapidly by 9.61 percent since 2010 to the present. One of the most potential tourism destinations is Komodo Island located in East Nusa Tenggara. With the island’s unique qualities, which include the habitat of the Komodo dragons and beautiful and exotic marine life, it is likely to be one of the promising tourism destinations in Indonesia and in the world. In 1986, the island has been declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism continuously promotes many of the country’s natural potential in tourism through various media: printed media, television and especially new media. However, there are challenges for the Indonesian tourism industry in facilitating entrepreneurship skills among the local people in East Nusa Tenggara. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (2011), East Nusa Tenggara is considered as one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia where the economy is lower than the average, with a high inflation of 15%, and unemployment of 30%. This research is needed to explore further the phenomenon behind the above facts, aiming at examining the role of new media in facilitating entrepreneurship in the tourism industry in Komodo Island. The results of this study are expected to provide insights that can help local tourism in East Nusa Tenggara. Keywords: Tourism, Entrepreneurship, New Media

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