scholarly journals Race, Culture and Political Exclusion/Inclusion: The Cases of Australia and New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 890-897
Author(s):  
Sukari Ivester
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Racial Conflicts ◽  
Political Exclusion

This article presents a comparison between Australia and New Zealand and the extent to which exclusionary and incorporationist dynamics became dominant in the material practices and political discourses that governed the ethno-racial conflicts in each society. It is argued that formative historical processes led to an overall stronger exclusionary trend in Australia, expressed in the formation of two distinct societies, as compared to a stronger incorporationist trend in New Zealand, expressed in the formation of one internally differentiated and highly inegalitarian society. The task of this historical analysis is to explain why this turned out to be the case. It is argued that two analytical factors account for the divergent courses taken by the two societies in question: (1) the differing capacities of the indigenous people to respond to and shape the process of group encounter and conflict; and (2) the strategies adopted by settler and colonial forces in pursuit of their interests. These analytical factors provide a framework for ultimately discussing the historical processes of state formation in both Australian and New Zealand societies.

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF ISLAM IN THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
MAKSIM SHKVARUN ◽  
◽  
SEJRAN ISKENDEROV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Short History ◽  
Active Stage ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the degree of influence of Sunni and Shi’ism on political processes in Arab countries. The object of the research is Islam as the legal basis of the state. The authors examine in detail such aspects of the topic as the historical analysis of the origin of Islam, the reasons for the division of Islam into Sunnis and Shiites, a comparative analysis of the two branches of Islam, the peculiarities of the legal schools of Islam, the interaction of Sunnis and Shiites with state power. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of interpretations (kalams) of the Qur’an and Sunnah. The study is fundamental and is aimed at the historical and political analysis of Islam in the XXI century. The relevance of this topic is confirmed by numerous studies of the described problems. The main conclusions of the study are that one of the key problems in the Arab states is the issue of the origin of power, which remains relevant even in the XXI century. The authors’ special contribution to the study of the topic is the hypothesis that the radicalism of Islam is associated with its short history in comparison with Christianity. Thus, Islam in the XXI century. is still at an active stage of formation, which leads to the emergence of Islamic terrorist organizations. The novelty of this scientific study lies in the consideration of historical processes in the political discourse of the XXI century.

scholarly journals Emotions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Reflexive emotionalisation in a colonised context

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199530
Author(s):  
Mary Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Feeling Rules

Reflexive emotionalisation means increased thinking about and acting on emotional experiences in response to major changes to social life, such as those accompanying colonisation. This article explains and develops this novel concept, assessing its usefulness through an exploratory assessment of reflexive emotionalisation in the formation of Aotearoa New Zealand as a colonised settler state. It is argued that as cultures met and sought to coexist, emotions were vital. Focusing on reflexive emotionalisation in Aotearoa reveals how differences in feeling rules were navigated, sometimes in violent ways, as power shifted towards the colonisers. Feelings of belonging are important in that ongoing process of reflexive emotionalisation, the elucidation of which provides a new understanding of social change and settler state formation that avoids casting colonised peoples as passive objects of ‘progress’ brought by colonisers.

Accelerating democratic global state formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Chase-Dunn ◽  
Hiroko Inoue
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global State ◽  
World State ◽  
Global Democracy ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Historical Processes

This article discusses the evolution of the international system and global governance within the Europe-centred modern world-system since the 15th century in the context of a comparative framework that includes interpolity systems since the Stone Age. The evolution of the modern system includes the emergence of the European system of sovereign national states and colonial empires, the extension of the Westphalian system to the non-core by succeeding waves of decolonization, the rise and fall of successively larger hegemons, the deepening of global capitalism in waves of globalization, the emergence of weak international regulatory institutions and the prospects for and the rapid emergence of global democracy. It is not claimed that a global state has already emerged, but the authors see the long-term processes as the early stages of the emergence of a world state, and consider how these processes might be accelerated within the next few decades. The need for democratization of the institutions of global governance is also discussed. However, in this article, the focus is more on real geo-historical processes than normative questions, outlining the evolution of interpolity institutional orders, describing the challenges in thinking about global state formation, and discussing some of the technological and political forces that might accelerate the long-term trend toward global state formation.

Collaboration in research: weaving Kaupapa Māori and computer science

2021 ◽  
pp. 117718012110431
Author(s):  
Anna K Rolleston ◽  
Judy Bowen ◽  
Annika Hinze ◽  
Erina Korohina ◽  
Rangi Matamua
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Kaupapa Māori

We describe a collaboration between Māori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand) and Tauiwi (non-Māori) researchers on a software engineering project. Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi) provides the basis for Māori to lead research that involves Māori as participants or intends to impact Māori outcomes. Through collaboration, an extension of the traditional four-step software design process was created, culminating in a nine-step integrated process that included Kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) principles. The collaboration experience for both Māori and Tauiwi highlighted areas of misunderstanding within the research context based on differing worldviews and our ability to navigate and work through this. This article provides context, guiding principles, and recommended research processes where Māori and Tauiwi aim to collaborate.

The value of philosophical analysis of history for ecological education

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
N.V. Popkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Role ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Discussed is the need for a historical analysis of the relationship between man and nature for the formation of the theoretical basis of environmental education is considered. It is shown that a holistic picture of the historical interaction between mankind and the Earth’s biosphere is necessary for understanding modern global processes: the disclosure of the causes of the ecological crisis will help to create programs for the greening of human activity. Traditional historical approaches developed by the philosophy of history are not suitable for solving this problem, since they do not take into account the natural limitations of technological progress and the evolutionary role of humanity in the biosphere. The article discusses new concepts proposed for a comprehensive study of historical processes and the biosphere transformations caused by them. It is concluded that the level of their development does not yet allow using them for educational purposes. Nevertheless, the analysis of the consequences of technical development made with their help in the context of historical reality makes it possible to reflect the trend of technologization of man and nature. The main regularities of the relationship between mankind and the biosphere can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio of biological and technological factors, on which the life of people depended in different eras. Understanding the nature of the modern ecological crisis is necessary for the development of scientifically grounded programs to neutralize the negative consequences of the formation and expansion of technical reality.

scholarly journals When Borders Migrate: Reconstructing the Category of ‘International Migrant’

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorodzeisky ◽  
Inna Leykin
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
International Borders ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Cross National

Using the Baltic states as an empirical example of a wider social problem of categorization and naming, this article explores the statistical categories of ‘international migrant/foreign-born’ population used in three major cross-national data sources (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat and The World Bank Indicators (WBI)). We argue that these seemingly politically neutral categories ignore historical processes of state formation and migration, and privilege the current ethnonational definition of the state. We demonstrate how, in regions with recent geopolitical changes, the international migrant category’s spatial and temporal constraints produce distorted population parameters, by marking those who have never crossed sovereign states’ borders as international migrants. In certain social contexts, applying the international migrant category to those who have never crossed international borders shapes and legitimizes restrictive citizenship policies and new forms of social exclusion. We further argue that, when uncritically adopting this category, transnational institutions assert territorial imaginaries embedded in ethnonational political discourses and legitimize exclusionary citizenship policies.

Conceptualising historical privilege: the flip side of historical trauma, a brief examination

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Borell ◽  
Helen Moewaka Barnes ◽  
Tim McCreanor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Settler Societies

Historical trauma is an important and growing area of research that provides crucial insights into the antecedents of current-day inequities in health and social wellbeing experienced by Indigenous people in colonial settler societies. What is not so readily examined is the flip side of historical trauma experienced by settlers and their descendants, what might be termed “historical privilege”. These historic acts of privilege for settlers, particularly those emigrating from Britain, provide the antecedents for the current-day realities for their descendants and the structural, institutional and interpersonal levels of advantage that are also a key feature of inequities between Indigenous and settler. This article theorises an explicit link between historical trauma and historical privilege and explores how the latter may be examined with particular reference to Aotearoa New Zealand. Three core elements of historical trauma are posited as a useful framework to apply to historical privilege.

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