HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF ISLAM IN THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
MAKSIM SHKVARUN ◽  
◽  
SEJRAN ISKENDEROV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Short History ◽  
Active Stage ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the degree of influence of Sunni and Shi’ism on political processes in Arab countries. The object of the research is Islam as the legal basis of the state. The authors examine in detail such aspects of the topic as the historical analysis of the origin of Islam, the reasons for the division of Islam into Sunnis and Shiites, a comparative analysis of the two branches of Islam, the peculiarities of the legal schools of Islam, the interaction of Sunnis and Shiites with state power. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of interpretations (kalams) of the Qur’an and Sunnah. The study is fundamental and is aimed at the historical and political analysis of Islam in the XXI century. The relevance of this topic is confirmed by numerous studies of the described problems. The main conclusions of the study are that one of the key problems in the Arab states is the issue of the origin of power, which remains relevant even in the XXI century. The authors’ special contribution to the study of the topic is the hypothesis that the radicalism of Islam is associated with its short history in comparison with Christianity. Thus, Islam in the XXI century. is still at an active stage of formation, which leads to the emergence of Islamic terrorist organizations. The novelty of this scientific study lies in the consideration of historical processes in the political discourse of the XXI century.

scholarly journals Matrimony in Venice during Late Renaissance Era in light of judicial institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Nina Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Church

The subject of this research is the several government institutions of Venice during the Late Renaissance Era that dealt with questions of matrimonial relations. Marriage played not only a crucial social role, but was also considered a church, which contributed to salvation of the faithful. Therefore, the questions of the validity of marriage or claims for separation of the spouses were considered by the Church court alone. The government institutions dealt with for offences against marriage, observed the execution of laws regarding the property of spouses, resolved custody issues of the minors, and prevented inappropriate behavior between the spouses. Special attention is given to the judicial institutions of Venice in from the perspective of their activity on matrimony. The article employs descriptive method, complemented by comparative historical analysis of the political and religious institutions of that time. The author's special contribution consists in the analysis of cases, such as the abduction of women or a breach of promise, which were interpreted differently by the religious and secular courts. As a result, in the late XVI – early XVII century, the secular administration gained prevalence in these questions.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF MODERN COUPS AND CONSIDERATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ESCALATION OF THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN ARAB COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521
Author(s):  
Gaziza Kurpebayeva
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Arab Spring

Purpose of the study: The article describes the comparative analysis of the main parameters of the Arab Spring Revolution. The Arab world is the ethnic core of the Middle East. These countries faced an acute problem of choosing their political strategy. Globalization has largely discounted the idea of national sovereignty and a self-sufficient economy with the leading role of the public sector. Methodology: The main methodological approaches are defined using the basic principles reflected in leading researchers' works in political, historical, and social sciences. The complete application of comparative historical analysis allowed us to determine the main stages and trends in developing political processes within the "Arab spring" framework. The use of modeling and forecasting methods allows determining options for further development of these processes. Main Findings: The Middle East and North Africa took part in the forced revolutionary transformation of political regimes, called the Arab spring. The growth of protests in the region is due to internal and external reasons. Each country depends on the specific socio-political, economic, religious situation, and the characteristics of states' historical development. Applications of this study: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to develop new recommendations for the foreign ministries of countries that are neutral in relation to the processes of socio-political transformations in the Arab countries. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is one of the first attempts to consider the socio-political processes that took place in the countries of the Arab East through the prism of Kazakh diplomacy, as a country that does not have certain geopolitical goals and benefits, as a country that does not have a direct or indirect relationship to the events of the Arab spring.

The Israeli–Lebanese war of 2006: consequences for Lebanon

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Ziad Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Major Consequence ◽  
Political Narrative ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on the political narrative in Lebanon before and after the Israeli war against Lebanon in 2006. It revolves around the subject of national unity as a sine qua non condition for success for the Lebanese resistance led by Hezbollah. A major consequence of the narrative on national unity is the need to build a modern state and establish a cohesive defence policy. The paper also examines the impact of the war on Lebanon's economy and on its relations with the rest of the world (the USA, France, Syria, Arab countries, and Iran).

Influence of ethical groups on regional policy (on the example of the Republic of Kalmykia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
D. Naranova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

To consider the main directions and extent of influence of ethical groups on political processes in the Republic of Kalmykia.The authors analyzed scientific research on the ethnic identity of the Kalmyk people, as well as media materials and statistical data on the cause and effect of the influence of ethnic groups on regional policy. Seven key areas of influence of the Kalmyks, as a titular nation, on political processes in the region, including through the formation of an ethnic majority among senior positions in the authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, were identified. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the complex systematization of facts about the influence of the ethnodominating nation of the Republic of Kalmykia on political processes in the region. The practical significance is expressed in the proposal of specific recommendations for partial stabilization of the situation in the Republic.

scholarly journals How to predict color?

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Valer'evna Skalka
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Further Development

The subject of this research is the forecast or prediction of color. The Russian science does not feature work dedicated to such aspect; however, foreign sources approached prediction of color from various perspectives, most often viewing the color trends as an inseparable part of fashion. The goal of this work consists in determination of the place and time of conception of the color forecasts, historical analysis of evolution of this phenomenon, and assumptions on further development of this direction. Territorially, the epicenters of development of color forecasts are determined in Europe (France and England), in America (the United States), in Asia (Japan). The author describes the peculiarities of color predictions in each country – at certain stages one or another county was ahead or behind; whit the advent of the Internet, everything moves to online format and becomes more dynamic. The article follows the forecast of color since its emergence, highlighting all stages of its development and establishment. The chronological framework of its development stages stretches from the early XVIII century until modernity. From the earliest to more recent, these stages include the color cards, mediators and agents (between factories, textile workers and customers, and stores), trade fairs and expositions, online services and websites. It is determined that with the course of time, the methods and instruments for predicting color were being accumulated and used together; the new colors were added, while the already existing did not lose their relevance. Despite the development of technologies, a final word in forecasting color trends belongs to a human, based on experience and intuition.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Romani-ness

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanida Costache
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epistemic Systems ◽  
Porous Boundaries

Drawing on theories of identity postulated by cultural theorists, scholars of gender identity, and critical race theorists, I explore issues of identity politics and “Otherness” as they pertain to Romani identity, history and activism. By critiquing the latent bifurcation of identity and subjectivity in Judith Butler’s theory of performativity as well as her explicit adherence to universalism, I begin to outline a (post-Hegelian) hermeneutic in which narratives of self enable political processes of self-determination against symbolic and epistemic systems of racialization and minoritization.[1] Roma identity both serves as an oppressive social category while at the same time empowering people for whom a shared ethnic group provides a sense of solidarity and community. In re-conceptualizing, reimagining and re-claiming Romani-ness, we can make movements towards outlining a new Romani subjectivity – a subjectivity that is firmly rooted in counterhistories of Roma, with porous boundaries that both celebrate our diversity and foster solidarity. I come to the subject of Romani identity from an understanding that our racialized and gendered identities are both performed and embodied – forming part of the horizon from which we make meaning of the world. I wish to recast the discourse surrounding Romani identity as hybridized and multicultural, as well as, following Glissant, embedded into a pluritopic notion of history.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Rafał Baum
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
The Subject

This article was created to present a broader, more critical view of the idea and concept of sustainable development, which has dominated the discourse on development for several decades. Based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, an attempt was made to state and explain how the original assumptions of the concept should be understood today. The most important contemporary challenges related to sustainable development have been identified. First, a historical analysis of the concepts of development and sustainable development was conducted, based on which it could be noticed that the original assumptions of the ideas have been forgotten. Then, the main dimensions (areas) of sustainable development in the literature of the last thirty years were examined. It has been noticed that the dimensions and their relations were very varied, and, first of all, defined in a rather general way. In an attempt to overcome that inaccuracy, efforts have been made to define the dimensions of sustainable development in a more precise way. Based on the analysis of the literature of the subject, it was determined that it was necessary to define the concept of sustainable development in a broader way, through the prism of 6 hierarchical dimensions: an expanded and modified economic area, a social justice area, an area of environment, an area of needs and rights, a democracy area as well as an area of long-term perspective and relations. The performed research confirmed that if sustainable development was to represent the most important current and future development issues, it should be structured around the key demands raised by scientists.

The value of philosophical analysis of history for ecological education

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
N.V. Popkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Role ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Discussed is the need for a historical analysis of the relationship between man and nature for the formation of the theoretical basis of environmental education is considered. It is shown that a holistic picture of the historical interaction between mankind and the Earth’s biosphere is necessary for understanding modern global processes: the disclosure of the causes of the ecological crisis will help to create programs for the greening of human activity. Traditional historical approaches developed by the philosophy of history are not suitable for solving this problem, since they do not take into account the natural limitations of technological progress and the evolutionary role of humanity in the biosphere. The article discusses new concepts proposed for a comprehensive study of historical processes and the biosphere transformations caused by them. It is concluded that the level of their development does not yet allow using them for educational purposes. Nevertheless, the analysis of the consequences of technical development made with their help in the context of historical reality makes it possible to reflect the trend of technologization of man and nature. The main regularities of the relationship between mankind and the biosphere can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio of biological and technological factors, on which the life of people depended in different eras. Understanding the nature of the modern ecological crisis is necessary for the development of scientifically grounded programs to neutralize the negative consequences of the formation and expansion of technical reality.

GRAHAM E. FULLERAND REND RAHIM FRANCKE, The Arab Shiעa: The Forgotten Muslims (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.) Pp. 290. $49.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Author(s):  
Kamran Aghaie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Practical Representation

As a historian interested in Shiעi communities in Arab countries, I could not help but be disappointed by the lack of social and cultural history in this study. However, this is not a negative reflection on the book. What may at first seem like a weakness to readers such as myself, who are more interested in social and cultural history, is actually a necessary part of the authors' formulation of their argument. The book is intended to be a very practical representation of the Arab Shiעi with political analysis that has immediate policy implications for the Shiעi themselves, the Arab regimes that rule over them, and the United States. As a monograph dealing with policy issues related to the Arab Shiעi, this book is very successful and is of special interest to scholars, activists, and policy-makers dealing with issues related to the Arab Shiעi.

What’s Wrong with Institutions? A Short History of the Clash between IRAs and Turkish Populists

Populism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171
Author(s):  
Emre Balıkçı
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Short History ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

AbstractThe aim of this article is to reveal the institutional dimensions of populism, which tend to be ignored because of the hegemony of economic analysis of the subject. Whereas many researchers assume that populism is a result of the negative economic effects of neoliberal policies on the middle class, I argue that populism is also a corollary of neoliberal institutions’ effect on the political power of so-called ordinary people. To illustrate this, I focus on the rhetoric of Turkish populists concerning two important economic institutions in Turkey: the Public Procurement Authority and the Central Bank. This examination shows that Turkish populists view the independent institutions of neoliberalism as a barrier against the people’s political will and define themselves as fighters for democracy.

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