scholarly journals Relationship between Economic Growth and Employment in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mạnh Phạm Hồng ◽  
Ngọc Nguyễn Văn ◽  
DAO HẠ THỊ THIỀU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examines the relationship between employment and economic growth during the period 1991–2012 in Vietnam and obtains forecasts for employment from 2013 to 2020, using theories of production function for establishment of econometric models. The results show that the employment elasticities of economic growth are -0.49; 0.55 and 0.66 for agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors respectively and 1.71 for Vietnamese economy as a whole in the period. The results also indicate that an annual growth rate of 6% - 7% can help create from 55.322 to 56.243 million jobs by 2015 and from 61.739 – 64.519 million ones by 2020. Additionally, the research offers several important policy recommendations to promote economic growth and job creation in Vietnam in the next period.

Overseas Chinese Investments in China – Patterns of Growth, Diversification and Finance: The Case of Charoen Pokphand

1998 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 610-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswary Ampalavanar-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
Average Rise

The accelerated economic growth of Asia over the last three decades is well documented. While Britain and many other European countries experienced an average rise of real productivity by 2–3 per cent every year from 1973–1992, Asian growth frequently soared over 8 per cent, particularly after 1978. China in particular saw a remarkable increase in the average annual growth rate of GDP from 7 per cent in 1976 to a constant 9 per cent in the 1978 to 1988 period. In 1992 it rose again to 13 per cent, subsequently fluctuating between 8 per cent and 9 per cent. The contribution of agriculture to GDP increased from 28 per cent 1978 to 34 per cent in 1982. Thereafter a contraction in agriculture's share – from 34 per cent back to 24 per cent – reflected a major expansion in industry and services. There was an increase in industrial employment from 18 per cent to 21 per cent, and in that of services from 14 per cent to 18 per cent.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on China's macroeconomy and agri-food system – an economy-wide multiplier model analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
Xinshen Diao ◽  
Kevin Z. Chen ◽  
Sherman Robinson ◽  
Shenggen Fan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food System ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the potential economic cost of the COVID-19 pandemic on China's macroeconomy and agri-food system and provide policy recommendations to stimulate economic growth and agri-food system development.Design/methodology/approachAn economy-wide multisector multiplier model built on China's most recent social accounting matrix (SAM) for 2017 with 149 economic sectors is used to assess the impact of COVID-19 on China's macroeconomy and agri-food system. SAM multiplier analysis focuses on supply chain linkages and captures the complexity of an interconnected economy.FindingsThe paper finds that both the macroeconomy and agri-food systems are hit significantly by COVID-19. There are three main findings. First, affected by COVID-19, GDP decreased by 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020 compared with that in 2019, while the economic loss of the agri-food system is equivalent to 7% of its value added (about RMB 0.26 trillion). More than 46m agri-food system workers (about 27% of total employment) lost their jobs to COVID-19 in the lockdown phase. The COVID-19 affects the employment of unskilled labor more than that of skilled labor. Second, when the economy starts to recover during the second and third quarters, the growth rate in the value added of the agri-food system turns positive but still modest. Many jobs resume during the period, but the level of agri-food system employment continues to be lower than the base. The agri-food system employment recovery is slower than that of other sectors largely due to the sluggish recovery of restaurants. Agri-food system employment drops by 8.6m, which accounts for about 33% of the total jobs lost. Third, although the domestic economy is expected to be normal in the fourth quarter, external demand still faces uncertainties due to the global pandemic. The agri-food system is projected to grow by 1.1% annually in 2020 with resuming export demand, while only by 0.4% without resuming export demand. These rates are much lower than an annual growth rate of 4.3% for the agri-food system in 2019. The results also show that, without resuming export demand, China's total economy will grow less than 1% in 2020, while, with export demand resumed, the growth rate rises to 1.7%. These rates are much lower than an annual GDP growth rate of 6.1% in 2019.Practical implicationsThe results show that continuously reducing economic dependency on exports and stimulating domestic demand are key areas that require policy support. The agri-food system can play an important role in supporting broad economic growth and job creation as SMEs are major part of the AFS. Job creation requires policies to promote innovation by entrepreneurs who run numerous SMEs in China.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first systematic study assessing the impact of COVID-19 on China's agri-food system in terms of value added and employment. The assessment considers three phases of lockdown, recovery and normal phases in order to capture the full potential cost of COVID-19.

scholarly journals An interpretation of the behavior of the mark up in the Brazilian industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (272) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Aparecida Feijó ◽  
Luiz Fernando Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Price Stabilization ◽  
Financial Deregulation ◽  
Investment Level

<p class="p1">The Brazilian economy experienced significant changes during the 1990s.</p><p class="p1">Economic and financial deregulation, price stabilization and privatizations</p><p class="p1">configured a new economic scenario, shaping new attitudes and strategies of</p><p class="p1">agents. In spite of these changes, economic performance was poor during</p><p class="p1">the decade. Economic growth was marked by short periods of growth</p><p class="p1">followed by deceleration periods. The gross capital formation (or investment)</p><p class="p1">rate, a key variable to explain the dynamism of the economy, was around</p><p class="p1">17.0%, whereas current estimates by governmental officials point to an</p><p class="p1">investment level of around 25.0% as a requirement for a 5.0% sustained</p><p class="p1">annual growth rate.</p>

scholarly journals IS THE REINHART-ROGOFF DEBT THRESHOLD APPLICABLE TO ITALY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yu Hsing
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

This paper employs an extended production function to examine the relationship between central government debt and economic growth in Italy. The results show that the threshold of the central government debt ratio for Italy is estimated to be 105.00%, which is greater than the 90% debt threshold proposed by Reinhart and Rogoff. Besides, a higher growth rate of labor employment or investment/GDP ratio would raise the growth rate. Hence, the debt threshold proposed by Reinhart-Rogoff underestimates the debt threshold for Italy. The finding suggests that the debt ratio of 131.09% in 2019 is well above the debt threshold and is likely to be unsustainable.

scholarly journals Research on Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Characteristics, Decoupling Relationship and LMDI Factor Decomposition in Qinghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Huang ◽  
Yin-Jun Zhou ◽  
Jin-Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Intensity Effect

Based on the statistical data from 1997 to 2017, with the utilization of the IPCC carbon accounting method, Tapio decoupling model, and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), the temporal evolution characteristics of Qinghai’s energy-related carbon emissions, the decoupling relationship, and its driving factors were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) The carbon emissions of Qinghai showed a trend of first slowly increasing, then rapidly increasing, and finally fluctuating and decreasing. It increased from 3.85 million tons in 1997 to 14.33 million tons in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 6.79%. The carbon emission intensity revealed a steady downward trend, from 189.82 tons/million CNY in 1997 to 54.6 tons/million CNY in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of –6.04%. 2) The relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth was represented by four types: weak decoupling, strong decoupling, expansion negative decoupling, and expansion coupling. Among them, a strong decoupling was achieved only in the five periods of 1997–1998, 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2013–2015, and 2016–2017. 3) The structural effect of energy consumption was the paramount factor in restraining carbon emissions, followed by the energy intensity effect, while economic growth, and population size were important factors facilitating the increase in carbon emissions. To this end, Qinghai should continuously optimize its energy structure and improve energy utilization efficiency, thus achieving economic green and high-quality development.

scholarly journals China’s Contribution to the African Power Sector: Policy Implications for African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luka Powanga ◽  
Irene Giner-Reichl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

China has over the past thirty years experienced unprecedented economic growth averaging over 10% per year (“China GDP Annual Growth Rate ∣ 1989-2018 ∣ Data ∣ Chart ∣ Calendar” n.d.). For this reason, the relationship between China and Africa is often characterized as a case of China colonizing Africa to own natural resources and their associated infrastructure to feed its industrialization. Despite this postulation, Africa sees the cooperation as based on mutual interests in areas such as energy. The two regions could leverage their cooperation with the help of the international community to significantly advance access to electricity in Africa by improving energy efficiency, deploying cookstove programs to reduce health hazards and deaths from smoke inhalation, diversifying energy portfolio, and creating power pools that countries experiencing hiccups in their systems could tap into to meet their electricity needs. The two regions could also formulate energy policies to support these programs. Additionally, the energy infrastructure in Africa is still in infancy presenting an excellent opportunity to utilize emerging technologies and new power systems that are more efficient, resilient, and clean.

Ageing Saudi Population in the Facebook Era

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Facebook Usage

<p>Data pertaining to 1974, 1992, 2004 and 2010 Censuses in Saudi Arabia was collected. Some reviews and literature on population ageing in Saudi Arabia as well as Facebook usage obtained. Statistics pertaining to Saudi population was utilized.</p> <p>Aged population in 2010 estimated by assuming the annual growth rate of 1974-2004.</p>

scholarly journals Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of arterial stiffness: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Luli Xu ◽  
Mingyang Wu ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Youjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. Methods A total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness. Results Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005). Conclusion Participants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.

scholarly journals Revisiting the dynamic interactions between economic growth and environmental pollution in Italy: evidence from a gradient descent algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mele ◽  
Cosimo Magazzino ◽  
Nicolas Schneider ◽  
Floriana Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Strand ◽  
Yearly Data

AbstractAlthough the literature on the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions is extensive, the use of machine learning (ML) tools remains seminal. In this paper, we assess this nexus for Italy using innovative algorithms, with yearly data for the 1960–2017 period. We develop three distinct models: the batch gradient descent (BGD), the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). Despite the phase of low Italian economic growth, results reveal that CO2 emissions increased in the predicting model. Compared to the observed statistical data, the algorithm shows a correlation between low growth and higher CO2 increase, which contradicts the main strand of literature. Based on this outcome, adequate policy recommendations are provided.

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