Use of data collected at cessation of lactation to predict incidence of sole ulcers and white line disease during the subsequent lactation in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius S. Machado ◽  
Luciano S. Caixeta ◽  
Rodrigo C. Bicalho
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Line ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Sole Ulcers

scholarly journals Assessment of udder health in lame cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hisira ◽  
Pavel Slovák ◽  
Paulína Marčeková ◽  
Marián Kadaši ◽  
Pavol Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Sole Ulcers

The objective of this study was to assess the udder health in lame dairy cows. The study was performed on 35 dairy cows which were admitted to the Clinic of Ruminants. The most frequent claw diseases were white line abscess (28.6%) and toe necrosis (28.6%), followed by digital dermatitis (17.1%), toe ulcers (14.3%), and sole ulcers (11.4%). The prevalence of mastitis in lame cows was 74.3% (26); clinical mastitis was detected in 5 (19.2%) and subclinical mastitis in 21 (80.8%) dairy cows. Distribution of mastitis was similar in terms of front (52.54%) and rear quarters (47.46%). For statistical analyses of mastitis grade in lame dairy cows, a six-point Mastitis Score was created based on physical examination of the mammary gland and results of California Mastitis Test. The Mastitis Score tended to be higher in cows with corium inflammation than in those with digital dermatitis (10.0 and 6.5, respectively). Microbiological culture of 24 positive milk samples was performed and intra-mammary pathogens were isolated in 18 (75%) samples. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (50%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (16.7%), Proteus spp. (11.1%), and Aerococcus viridians (11.1%). Of the total bacteria, contagious pathogens were determined in two milk samples (11.1%). In conclusion, high prevalence of mastitis was detected in lame cows suffering from claw diseases without a significant effect of the type of claw diseases on the mastitis grade. Moreover, the dominating isolation of environmental pathogens may be a result of longer lying period of animals affected with lameness.

scholarly journals  Behaviour of lame cows: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olechnowicz ◽  
JM Jaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Standard ◽  
White Line ◽  
Leg Injuries ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Sole Ulcers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lying Down

Claw horn disorders, infectious diseases of hooves and leg injuries cause lameness in dairy cows. However, such diseases as sole haemorrhages, sole ulcers or white line diseases, cause clinical lameness. Lameness reduces milk production, the fertility of cows and also causes earlier culling of cows, as well resultings in a deterioration of their welfare. In this review we focus on the impact of lameness on bovine behaviour. The time spent lying down is an important behaviour of dairy cows. As an increased locomotion score is associated with an increased percentage of cows lying down, also the position of cows within the milking parlour is associated with lameness. Lame cows are more likely to present toward the end of milking. Clinical lameness is a chronic stressor, reducing progesterone concentrations prior to oestrus, and resulting in reduced sexual behaviour; however, lame cows have the same potential period of oestrus when compared with non-lame cows. Hoof diseases, particularly those which are a source of pain, also reduce animal welfare. A high standard of cow welfare may be achieved by improving the lives of animals and the people who work with them. A lack of comfort while lying presents a significant risk for lameness. Improvements in comfort on more than 75% of farms (32 out of a total number of 53 farms) reduced the incidence of mastitis, while on 42 farms it reduced the prevalence of lameness. The keeping of cows on the straw bed of stalls does not only improve animal welfare, mainly through the greater comfort of the floor, but has also been showed to increase eating and ruminating behaviour. Cows also prefer straw to sand bedding and lay down longer on straw than on sand; however, cleanliness and hoof health have been shown to be better on sand. Apart from comfort, the main factors which promote improvements in bovine welfare and health, include good management of dairy farms, keeping cows in free stalls with accompanying regular exercise, and a long time spent at pasture. The prevalence of clinical lameness was demonstrated to be higher on farms using mattresses when compared with farms using deep-bedded stalls. No differences were found in behaviour among cows with different degrees of lameness housed in mattress stalls. Hence, measures of laying behaviour are not good indicators of lameness.  

Does access to pasture affect claw condition and health in dairy cows?

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Armbrecht ◽  
Christian Lambertz ◽  
Dirk Albers ◽  
Matthias Gauly
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Line ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sole Ulcers ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Lower Frequencies

The aim of this study was to examine effects of pasturing in dairy cows on claw condition (claw length, hardness) and on the prevalence of claw diseases. At claw trimming, a total of 240 Holstein-Friesian or Red-Holstein cows from 20 German farms were examined twice, at the end of the pasture and barn season. Each individual claw was trimmed at both assessments. Farms were classified based on animals’ pasture access during pasture season into: group 1 (G1) >10 hours pasture access per day, group 2 (G2) 6–10 hours, group 3 (G3) <6 hours and group 4 (G4) without pasture access. Greater values for hardness were associated with lower scores (=prevalence×severity level) of sole ulcers, white line disease, sole haemorrhage, heel horn erosion and interdigital hyperplasia. In pasture groups, heel horn erosion showed lower frequencies in summer compared with winter, while it was vice versa in G4. In G1 and G3, lower frequencies of white line disease were found in summer compared with winter. Overall, pasture access had positive effects in particular for claw diseases that are related to moist environments. Nevertheless, appropriate free-stall design and claw trimming routine might have a greater influence.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Claw Diseases in Dairy Cows with Different Body Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mudroň ◽  
T. Höskuldsson ◽  
X. Mihajlovičová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Sole Ulcers ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body condition and claw diseases in dairy cows. The data used in this study were obtained during two sessions of routine orthopaedic treatment and hoof trimming on a dairy farm in Eastern Slovakia. In the spring and autumn terms, 482 dairy cows were examined for claw diseases and their body conditions were recorded. Out of the 482 dairy cows, 56 % were affected by one or more claw diseases in one or more legs. Digital dermatitis and sole ulcers were the most often detected claw diseases found in this study. The dairy cows with a low body condition score (BCS < 3) showed a higher prevalence of claw diseases (P < 0.05) than the cows with a body condition score greater than 3. However, this difference could not be found when infectious diseases of the claws (digital dermatitis, foot rot, and interdigital dermatitis) were analysed. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that the dairy cows with a lower grade of body condition suffered more from non-infectious claw diseases (sole ulcer, white line diseases).

Effects of genotype and lactation number on health and reproductive problems in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
B.L. Nielsen ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp ◽  
J.E. Pryce ◽  
G. Simm ◽  
J.D. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Low Incidence

High producing dairy cows have been found to be more susceptible to disease (Jones et al., 1994; Göhn et al., 1995) raising concerns about the welfare of the modern dairy cow. Genotype and number of lactations may affect various health problems differently, and their relative importance may vary. The categorical nature and low incidence of health events necessitates large data-sets, but the use of data collected across herds may introduce unwanted variation. Analysis of a comprehensive data-set from a single herd was carried out to investigate the effects of genetic line and lactation number on the incidence of various health and reproductive problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of feet lesions in dairy cows raised in the freestall

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Costa Ebling ◽  
Amanda Krummenauer ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Diego Zeni ◽  
Luis Paulo Carazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Foot Diseases ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Sole Ulcers

Foot lesions are one of the main causes of productivity losses in the dairy industry. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of claudication and distribution of hoof lesions by associating them with preventive hoof trimming, as well as list the main causes of involuntary discarding and the main health problems reported in dairy farms. The study included 10 farms distributed in 7 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. The body condition score (BCS) and locomotion score (LS) of the cows were assessed. Hoof examination, lesion classification, and hoof trimming of the animals were performed. Of the 492 animals, 38.4% presented lameness and 36% had foot lesions, 81.4% of which were observed in the pelvic limbs and 19.6% in the thoracic limbs. Of the lesions in the limbs, 47.1% were of infectious origin and 52.9% were noninfectious. The main lesions were sole ulcers (31.6%), digital dermatitis (30.3%), thin soles (12%), and interdigital dermatitis (11.2%). Cows aged 4 to 6 years had a higher number of lesions and a higher LS. Preventive hoof trimming reduced the chances of lameness by 55% as the locomotive system was the main sanitary problem and the first reason for involuntary disposal of the farms. The results show that dairy cows raised in a free stall system have a high prevalence of claudication and foot diseases. These data should be taken into account when altering the livestock management of these animals in order to reduce significant economic losses in the herd.

scholarly journals Risk factors for increased rates of sole ulcers, white line disease, and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from twenty-seven farms in England and Wales

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1971-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.E. Barker ◽  
J.R. Amory ◽  
J.L. Wright ◽  
S.A. Mason ◽  
R.W. Blowey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
White Line ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Sole Ulcers

The effect of diet and housing on the development of sole haemorrhages, white line haemorrhages and heel erosions in Holstein heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Livesey ◽  
T. Harrington ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
S. A. May ◽  
J. A. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
White Line ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Locomotion Score

AbstractHaemorrhagic lesions, heel erosions and changes in foot conformation have been associated with husbandry, underfoot conditions and nutrition of dairy cows.These characteristics were monitored in 40 heifers in a 2 × 2 factorial design starting in the last trimester of pregnancy and continuing until 12 weeks post partum. Primary treatments were housing in straw yards or cubicles and secondary treatments were alternative complete diets given during lactation which differed in concentrate: forage ratio. A scoring system was developed for each of the foot lesions to allow statistical analysis of results. Locomotion scoring was carried out weekly.White line haemorrhages, sole haemorrhages and heel erosions were all present before calving. White line haemorrhages were exacerbated by housing in cubicle yards and alleviated by housing in straw yards (P < 0·001) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Sole haemorrhages were exacerbated both by housing in cubicle yards (P < 0·01) and the high concentrate diet (P < 0·01) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Heel erosions were exacerbated (P < 0·05) by housing in straw yards but not affected by diet. Sole haemorrhage and heel erosion scores generally increased during early lactation (P < 0·001) independent of the treatments. There was evidence that these foot lesions were not caused by laminitis. There was a higher incidence of lameness for heifers given the high concentrate diet but no correlation between locomotion score and the type of lesion or lesion score.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF LAMENESS AND ASSOCIATED FOOT LESIONS IN SAHIWAL DAIRY COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Puneet Singh ◽  
◽  
Swaran Singh ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Gupta ◽  
C.S. Randhawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
White Line ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Lameness is 3rd most prevalent disease after mastitis and infertility, in the dairy industry today and is an important welfare issue causing significant impact on dairy economics. Lameness leads to involuntary culling of lactating dairy cattle due to significant effect on production and reproduction.Mostly lameness occurs due to foot lesions irrespective of breed, management and of animal. Two hundred and four Sahiwal dairy cows were evaluated for lameness and associated claw lesionsin the study from local dairy farms of Punjab. Clinical lameness (lameness score 2 & 3) was evident in 6 per cent of animals. After lameness scoring, each animal was restrained in chute and hooves were examined before and after paring 1 mm of hoof tissue from weight bearing surface. Seventy three per cent animals had at least one lesion in their hooves. On animal level, under run soles (45%) were found to be most prevalent claw lesion followed by white line lesions (29%), overgrown soles (7%), cork screw hooves (5%), sole avulsions (5%), sole hemorrhages (3%), heel erosions (3%), double soles (2%) and wall cracks (1%). At claw level, prevalence of lesions was 35.3 per cent, among which under run soles were the most prevalent lesion (19.3%) followed by white line lesions (16.3%), overgrown soles (2.82%), cork screw hooves (1.84%), sole avulsions (1.47%), sole hemorrhages (1.04%), heel horn erosions (0.61%), double soles (0.49%), wall cracks (0.25%) and toe hemorrhages (0.12%). Lactation length and parity had no effect on lameness. Comparatively more lesions were seen in hind limb hooves (56.8%) as compared to forelimb hooves (43.2%). Fore lateral and hind medial claws had more lesions (58.8% and 76.47%, respectively) as compared to contralateral claws 52.9% and 70.5%, respectively). Overall, a low prevalence of clinical lameness was seen in Sahiwal dairy cows.

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