Impression Formation in Schizophrenics and Normals

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-877
Author(s):  
Martin F. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Real

Schizophrenic and normal Ss dichotomized by sex and by scores on Rotter's test of Internal versus External Control, rated the average American man, an unfavorably described individual, and a person who was favorably described, on 15 trait-pair scales at the “apparent” and “real” levels of personality. “Apparent” personality refers to what the person appears to be, whereas “real” personality refers to how that person really is. Ss, irrespective of pathology, were more certain of their ratings for the favorably described individual. Normal Ss were higher than schizophrenic Ss on the “apparent” personality rating of the average American man and on the “real” personality rating of the unfavorably described individual.

Aphasia and Will Making

1897 ◽  
Vol 43 (182) ◽  
pp. 546-547
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Real ◽  
Chief Justice ◽  
Testamentary Capacity ◽  
Mental Defect

Dr. Byrom Bramwell has dealt with this question in a suggestive manner. The legal attitude in reference to wills made by the insane is generally in accordance with justice, for judgment may be said to be ruled by the case of Banks v. Goodfellow, when Lord Chief Justice Cockburn adopted the earlier test, “Was the capacity in this particular case adequate to the act?” Wood Renton states that “testamentary capacity consists in the possession by the testator of a memory sufficiently active to recall (a) the nature and extent of his property, and (b) the persons who have claims upon his bounty, and a judgment and will sufficiently free from the influence of morbid ideas or external control to determine the relative strength of these claims.” and further, “the testamentary capacity of aphasics depends upon the same considerations.” It is plain that each case must be determined on its own merits, whether the person be insane or aphasic. The means of communication are limited, but the associated mental defects constitute the real difficulty in determining the validity of such a will. Dr. Bramwell points out that mental defect is more probable in total aphasia, and greater in cortical than subcortical aphasias. He enters at length into the methods of examination, and claims that such cases should be investigated by competent physicians. Professor Gairdner has contributed a letter to the British Medical Journal of the 12th June, in which he concludes that “it is almost impossible to lay down categorically or dogmatically the conditions under which a particular aphasic can, or cannot, make a bequest.” We recall Dr. Savage's memorable words—no two houses fall into ruins in exactly the same way, and accept Dr. Gairdner's conclusion as a summary of our present knowledge.

scholarly journals Compliance with the mask regime and social distancing during a pandemic in the city: a factor of reducing external control and features of practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Ignat V. Bogdan ◽  
Darya D. Chistyakova ◽  
Constantine I. Constantine I. Gabov
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
External Control ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
The City

Purpose of the study. Identification of the main characteristics of compliance with pandemic restrictions in public places during the easing of restrictions, e.g. the correlation of declarations of commitment to measures and the real behavior of the population. Material and methods. A sociological study was carried out using the method of standardized observation in the city of Moscow on July 15–25, 2020. Observation points in the metro, ground transport, shops of various price categories and shopping centers were selected. More than 16748 observations were made within the quantitative and qualitative stages. Results and discussion. A significant discrepancy (up to 4 times) between the declared adherence to masks (2 Moscow surveys was studied) and the real one was revealed, the possible reasons for this were considered (social desirability, questionnaire features, sampling shift). The approach to the survey data as indicators of adherence rather than behavior merics is proposed. The diversity and polarization of the practices of wearing masks and maintaining social distance — «positive» and «negative», formal and informal are under analysis. Possible factors of this diversity, features of practice in different places are considered. Observation groups are analyzed, both adherent to wearing masks (women, elder persons, migrants) and non-adherent (young adults, middle age men). The practice of situational social «mimicry» is described, when, under the guise of taking care of health, people wanted to get more comfortable travel conditions in transport.

Interfacing of a TEM/STEM System to a Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
P. Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Signal Beam ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
External Control ◽  
Computer Input ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

The use of computers in the analytical electron microscopy today shows three different trends (1) automated image analysis with dedicated computer systems, (2) instrument control by microprocessors and (3) data acquisition and processing e.g. X-ray or EEL Spectroscopy.While image analysis in the T.E.M. usually needs a television chain to get a sequential transmission suitable as computer input, the STEM system already has this necessary facility. For the EM400T-STEM system therefore an interface was developed, that allows external control of the beam deflection in TEM as well as the control of the STEM probe and video signal/beam brightness on the STEM screen.The interface sends and receives analogue signals so that the transmission rate is determined by the convertors in the actual computer periphery.

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

Preparing Future Professionals—What’s the Real Story?

ASHA Leader ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ellen Uffen
Keyword(s):  
The Real

The real cost of pain management

Anaesthesia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Cost
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document