Factors Affecting Perceptual Functioning and Activity in Albino Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305
Author(s):  
Patrick Maloney ◽  
Robert Deitchman ◽  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Activity Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Perceptual Functioning ◽  
General Activity Level

The effects of crowding and estrus cycling upon visual observing behavior and general activity level in the albino rat were investigated. Experimental groups were composed of non-estrus or estrus females and were subjected to one of three different crowding conditions. Measures of the frequency and duration of observing of photographic slides were taken as well as a measure of general activity. Slides were composed of either geometric patterns or color photographs depicting rats in various social postures. Contrary to previous reports, observing measures did not vary with levels of crowding or stage of estrus. There were, however, differences among the various crowded conditions on a measure of general activity. Relatively short-term crowding was shown to affect estrus based cyclical variation in activity and observing.

Effect of Morphine Sulfate on Spontaneous Activity Level of the Albino Rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Glenn Collins
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effect ◽  
Activity Wheel ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Morphine Sulfate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
General Activity Level ◽  
Hunger Drive

In two experiments involving 40 albino rats and two dosage levels of morphine sulfate it was found that relatively high analgesic dosages of morphine significantly depressed general activity level in the revolving drum. Also, there was a significant interaction between drug effect and hunger drive. In the case of moderate analgesic doses (7 mg/kg) no systematic effect of morphine on activity-wheel performance was noted.

Use of a Cross-over Design in Testing Short-Term Methylphenidate Effects on Avoidance Conditioning

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene F. Gauron ◽  
Vinton N. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Acquisition ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Facilitated Learning

90 albino rats, equally divided between the sexes, were divided into groups which received dosages of 4.5 mg/kg, 13.5 mg/kg of methylphenidate and equal volume of distilled water for a total of 8 days. After the initial training period a third of the subjects continued with the same administration while the remaining two-thirds of the animals received the other two dosage combinations. Short-term administration of methylphenidate (Ritalin) facilitated learning as measured by avoidance conditioning. The cross-over design presents advantages over other experimental designs in assessing a variety of possible drug effects. No relationship was obtained between dosage level and response acquisition. However, a linear dose-response relationship was obtained on activity level.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin induced histomorphometric changes in testes of albino rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar Sah ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Soumya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Anticancer drugs like doxorubicin have been found to affect male gonads thereby leading to infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin over short, mid and long term on testes of male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats aged 6-8 weeks were taken for study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of experimental (each group containing 10 rats) and 3 groups of control (each group containing 10 rats). The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally and sacrificed after 3 different duration for each group (second week, eighth week and sixteenth week). All rats under 3 control groups were given a single intra-peritoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. Significant difference in diameters (p=0.029) and cross-sectional area (p=0.028) of seminiferous tubules was observed between short term experimental and short term control rats. For both between midterm experimental and midterm control group, and between long term experimental and long term control group, a significant difference in right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), volume of testis (p<0.001 and p=0.038), diameter (p<0.001 for both) and area (p<0.001 for both) of seminiferous tubules was observed. As compared to short term experimental group, midterm experimental group and long term experimental group had significantly lower right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 for both) and cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 both). Cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of all the control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of seminiferous tubules structure across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin has deleterious effect on seminiferous tubules of albino rat testis.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 10-14

Visual Observing Behavior in the Albino Rat: Effects of Nature and Complexity of Visual Stimuli and Stage of Estrus

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Deitchman ◽  
Patrick Maloney ◽  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Albino Rat

The effect of varying levels of complexity within two types of visual stimuli on observing behavior of albino rats (60 females, 30 males, CD Strain, Charles River) was examined. Measures of frequency and duration of looking, as well as measures of general activity, were recorded. Differences in duration of observing as a function of group membership and type of stimuli were obtained. Activity was affected by the level of complexity. A re-examination of the concept of complexity is suggested. Further delineation of variables affecting observing behavior is also needed.

ENDOCRINE FACTORS AFFECTING CELL REPLACEMENT AND CELL LOSS IN THE EPIDERMIS AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF THE FEMALE ALBINO RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. EBLING
Keyword(s):  
Cell Loss ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adrenal Hormone ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

SUMMARY 1. Hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy in female albino rats aged 9 months were followed by an enlargement of the sebaceous glands and a thickening of the stratum germinativum plus stratum granulosum in the skin of the back. In similar rats aged 5 months hypophysectomy produced a very significant increase in epidermal thickness, but the increase in the mean volume of the sebaceous glands was not statistically significant. 2. In rats aged 5 months hypophysectomy appeared to increase the incidence of mitoses in both tissues, as measured 5 hr after the injection of colchicine. In rats aged 9 months these increases were less marked in the sebaceous glands and insignificant in the stratum germinativum. 3. Implantation of oestradiol/cholesterol for 3–4 weeks caused a marked reduction in size of the sebaceous glands in intact, in hypophysectomized, and in adrenalectomized rats. Epidermal thickness remained unaffected in intact adult rats, but was reduced in hypophysectomized or adrenalectomized rats. 4. The incidence of mitoses in the sebaceous glands and stratum germinativum was not affected 3–4 weeks after the implantation of oestradiol in intact, in hypophysectomized, and in adrenalectomized rats. 5. Spaying had no significant effect on sebaceous gland size, epidermal thickness, or incidence of mitoses. 6. The following main conclusions are suggested by the results: (a) The normal breakdown of sebaceous cells, epidermal keratinization and subsequent cell loss in the skin of the back of the rat are delayed by interference with the pituitary-adrenal system. (b) Oestradiol accelerates the breakdown processes even in the absence of the pituitary and adrenal glands. (c) In the adult female rat mitosis in the epidermis and sebaceous glands neither requires nor is greatly affected by the presence of oestradiol. (d) In the absence of the pituitary the incidence of mitoses in the epidermis and sebaceous glands may be increased; it is possible therefore that a pituitary or adrenal hormone may inhibit mitosis.

Effects of Amobarbital Sodium and Meprobamate on Acquisition of Conditioned Avoidance

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Powell ◽  
Louis K. Martin ◽  
Dennis K. Kamano
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
General Activity Level ◽  
Amobarbital Sodium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Activity

The purpose of these experiments was to study the effects of two “fear-reducing” drugs, amobarbital sodium and meprobamate, on the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response in albino rats, and how this response is related to general activity level and freezing behavior. Both drugs facilitated acquisition of the avoidance response and increased activity level as measured by the number of spontaneous inter-trial hurdle crossings. Thus, these results seemed at variance with Mowrer's theory regarding the relationship of fear to the avoidance response. However, the results were compatible with the theory that the relationship of performance to motivation is an inverted U-shaped function, which suggests that amobarbital and meprobamate exerted their facilitating effects on avoidance performance by obtunding the strong fear-freezing response which is known to be incompatible with the emission of the avoidance response.

Passing as an Indicator of Social Dominance Among Female Wild and Domestic Norway Rats

Behaviour ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terra Ziporyn ◽  
Martha K. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
General Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Activity Level ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Norway Rats

AbstractThe most frequent form of social interaction between pairs of wild or domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) was passing behaviour in the narrow burrows and open field of seminatural environments. This behaviour occurs when a moving rat approaches another, either head-to-head or head-to-tail; the passed animal freezes while the passing rat continues, side touching side. The social dominance manifest by this behaviour correlated significantly with fighting dominance, particularly among female wild and domestic rats. In addition, dominance during displacements for access to food and water correlated with the dominance relationship in passing within pairs of domestic female rats. Although both passing and general activity had the same crepuscular daily rhythm, passing dominance did not correlate with individual differences in general activity level. Thus passing indicates social order and is not simply a by-product of general activity. Because passing occurs ten times more frequently than fights, in future studies it may be a more powerful indicator of female dominance and social order.

Effects of Dihydroquercetin on Behavior of Albino Rat Offspring with Transgenerational Chemical Body Burden

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
E.A. Kapustina ◽  
L.G. Lisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

Introduction. Lead pollution is a common environmental problem. Having no physiological functions, this toxicant has a negative polytropic impact on a body, including neurotoxic, reproductive, and transgenerational effects. The mechanism of lead toxicity is oxidative stress. Flavonoids have active antioxidant properties. They are widely represented in plant foods, are able to restore protective capabilities of cells and have chelating properties with respect to lead. One of the representatives of this group of substances is dihydroquercetin. The objective was to study the effect of dihydroquercetin on behavior of rats with hereditary chemical body burden exposed to lead at 60 mg/kg during 25 days. Materials and methods. We studied the behavior of rat offspring in an open field and established their blood lead levels by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. For statistical processing the U-Mann – Whitney test was used. Results. In the present experiment, the effect of lead on the offspring of male albino rats exposed to 60 mg/kg of lead for 25 days caused changes in the activity of animals in the open field. The severity of changes was more pronounced in animals with a hereditary chemical body burden. These animals showed a decrease in orientation and physical activity and increased anxiety. In rats with a hereditary burden, changes in behavior were detected when administering dihydroquercetin. The activity of animals demonstrated a positive dynamics: we observed a statistically significant increase in physical activity and orientation. The number and duration of behavioral acts approached control values. Conclusions. The revealed effects of lead on the offspring of albino rats with a transgenerational chemical body burden require further study to understand the mechanism of the phenomenon.

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