The Balance Scale: Factor Analysis and Reliability

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Roberts ◽  
Mary G. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Nonprobability Sample ◽  
Base Of Support

The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and reliability of the Balance Scale. This scale consisted of eight stances: bipedal stance with eyes open and closed, monopedal stance with eyes open and closed and these four stances repeated on a beam. These stances reflect the two factors related to balance, base of support and visual cues. The ability of subjects to maintain these stances was timed for a maximum of 30 sec. Using a nonprobability sample of 61 community living elders with a mean age of 71.9 yr., a forced four-factor principal components factor analysis was done. Simple structure was achieved with varimax rotation. The four factors extracted accounted for 79.2% of the total variance and were the monopedal factor, visual factor, bipedal nonvisual factor, and a beam factor. Standardized item coefficients for these factors ranged from .60 to .76.

Use of the Perceived Physical Competence Scale with Adolescents with Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Lintunen ◽  
Pilvikki Heikinaro-Johansson ◽  
Claudine Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
Two Factors

The construct validity and reliability of the 1987 Perceived Physical Competence Scale of Lintunen were examined to assess the applicability of the instrument for use with adolescents with disabilities. Subjects were 51 girls and 34 boys ( M age = 15.1 yr.) from several schools in central Finland. Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded the same two factors for adolescents with disabilities as reported for nondisabled adolescents in the related literature. Cronbach alphas for the two factors were .89 and .56. It was concluded that the scale is an appropriate measure for adolescents with disabilities. Statistical analysis indicated no gender differences for adolescents with disabilities. When compared with nondisabled groups in the related literature, these adolescents had perceived fitness similar to nondisabled peers but significantly lower than that of athletes without disabilities.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Attributes of a Theory-Based Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for the Pregnant Women (PA2Q-PW)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Kianfard ◽  
Farkhonde Amin SHokravi ◽  
Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽  
Shamsaddin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Validation Of Questionnaire ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Abstract Background This study's goal was to design and validate questionnaires for using to distinguish PEN-3 cultural model determinant factors of exercise in pregnant women. A questionnaire of physical activity theory-based was performed in 400 pregnant women with the first pregnancy. The validation of questionnaire design was used to develop the measures, including validity, reliability, and factor analysis by correlating scores to be an exercise of pregnant women during pregnancy. MethodsThe perception scale contained two factors: Knowledge and attitudes The Nurtures scale contained one element: Support was sought. The Enabling level included one element: barriers. Coefficients of reliability ranged from within 0.99. Among the four scores, significant correlations were achieved in this study. Four scales to measure PEN-3 cultural model determinants factors of being active during pregnancy were reformed for utilization with country, mostly Tehran-Iran, pregnant women, and shown to be validity and reliability. ResultsFactor analysis resulted in interpretable subclass that may be used as variables. These preliminary results provide support; for using the scales to measure the influences on pregnant women's physical activity. ConclusionsThe Physical Activity Questionnaire for pregnant women Patients (PA2Q-PW) is the first instrument that uses the PEN-3 cultural model within its constructs. The results indicated that PA2Q-PW is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing physical activity perceptions and is now existing and can be used in future studies.

Utrecht work engagement scale: Construct validity and reliability in Chilean health science students

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Rocio Glaria Lopez ◽  
Cristhian Perez Villalobos ◽  
Paulina Ortega Bastidas ◽  
Berta Schulz-Banares ◽  
Angela Pino-Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Engagement Scale

Objective: provide new background in relation to the factor structure and reliability of the factors identified from the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – Student (UWES-S) in students of health careers in Chile.Methods: A quantitative study with relational analytical scope was carried out, through a non-experimental cross-sectional design through a survey. 898 university students selected through non-probabilistic sampling by groups belonging to Medicine, Kinesiology, Pharmacy and Speech and language therapy. The students responded the UWES-S and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The total sample was randomly subdivided into two subsamples. With the first one, an Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed, using the method of extraction of the Main Axis Analysis. With the second one, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed, using the maximum likelihood method and the following indices: Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Also the Cronbach alpha reliability of each item was calculated. For data processing STATA 11 SE statistical package was used.Results: Kaiser-Guttman criterion and the Horn’s Parallel Analysis aimed to the existence of two factors called Involvement with studies and Enthusiasm for the career. CFI, TLI and RMSEA show that this is one of the solutions with best fit.Conclusion: Two factors were identified called Involvement with studies and Enthusiasm for the career. Neither the solution obtained nor the previous solutions showed an adequate adjustment to the data. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that this is one of the solutions with best fit. Continuous...

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of a teacher's scale developed in Brazil for assessment of hyperactive: impulsive behavior and inattention in children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Novais Carvalho ◽  
Alex Christian Manhães ◽  
Sérgio Luis Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Orthogonal Varimax Rotation

This study was designed to develop and assess the internal consistency and factor structure of a teacher's scale for the assessment of hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive behavior in a sample of 221 children from different cities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty-five teachers rated the children. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. An orthogonal varimax rotation that maximizes the variance of the squared loadings for each factor was used to find the simplest possible factor structure. There is no internal discrepancy in the item content of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis showed four primary factors (hyperactivity/impulsivity; inattention; social isolation; self-confidence) that are psychologically meaningful. When factor analysis was carried out there was no substantial difference from other studies when compared with the results of other western and oriental countries. It was concluded that this teacher's scale can be a useful aid to clinicians in the identification of children with hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention problems.

scholarly journals Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short en población peruana

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
José Ventura-León ◽  
Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez ◽  
Shirley Tocto-Muñoz ◽  
Maryuri Torres-Maldonado ◽  
Karen Curahua-Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Children's Depression Inventory ◽  
Children’S Depression Inventory ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Children’S Depression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors

Evidence of validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short in Peruvian population Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the validity evidence of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S; Kovacs, 1992), in Peruvian school children. A total of 1059 children between 7 and 12 years old participated (Mean = 9.73, SD = 1.23). The results revealed the existence of two factors related to strong loads in the exploratory factor analysis, which were corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis with good goodness-of-fit indices (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). The reliability of the CDI-S, calculated with the internal consistency method, was good in both factors (ω > .80). We conclude that the CDI-S is a valid and reliable measure in Peruvian children and should be interpreted as a test with two factors (Dysphoria and Negative self-esteem), which is consistent with previous empirical and theoretical studies. Keywords: Validation; reliability; depression; children. Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S, Kovacs, 1992), en población peruana. Participaron 1059 niños y niñas entre 7 y 12 años (Media = 9.73, DT = 1.23). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de dos factores relacionados con cargas fuertes enel análisis factorial exploratorio, los cuales fueron corroborados mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio con buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). La fiabilidad del CDI-S, calculada con el método de consistencia interna, fue buena en los dos factores (ω > .80). Se concluye que el CDI-S es una medida valida y fiable en niños peruanos y debe ser interpretada como una prueba con dos factores (Disforia y Autoestima negativa), lo cual es coherente con estudios empíricos y teóricos previos. Palabras clave: Validación; fiabilidad; depresión; niños.

scholarly journals Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254317
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Ghafouri ◽  
Malihe Nasiri ◽  
Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh ◽  
Faraz Tayyar-Iravanlou ◽  
Zahra Rahmaty
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Two Factors

Background and objectives Nurses’ caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients’ perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients’ social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach’s alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses’ caring behaviors.

Investigating Center-of-Pressure Based Parameters to Quantify Athlete and Non-Athlete Balance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara A. Thompson ◽  
Mehdi Badache
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Position Time Series ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Base Of Support

Through ground reaction (foot) forceplate-based, center-of-pressure (COP) parameters, we aimed to investigate differences in standing balance for young, healthy individuals from both athlete (soccer) and non-athlete subject populations. We investigated five, COP displacement and velocity parameters derived from the COP position time series. Soccer athlete and non-athlete subjects performed standing balance for postural tasks of increasing difficulty levels, by varying visual cues (eyes-open/eyes-closed) and base of support (wide/tandem foot placement), leading to four test conditions: 1) wide/eyes-open, 2) wide/eyes-closed, 3) tandem/eyes-open, 4) tandem/eyes-closed. By investigating position and velocity characteristics of the COP position time series, we observed that the soccer athletes had generally lower COP displacement and velocity parameters (meaning they were more stable and perhaps better able to control their body sway) than the non-athletes. This study lends new insights as to how parameters derived from the COP position can be utilized to determine differences in balance between normal subject populations (e.g., athletes versus non-athletes).

Development of the Alexithymia Scale for Children: A Preliminary Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Fukunishi ◽  
Hiromichi Yoshida ◽  
James Wogan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Preliminary Study

The Alexithymia Scale for Children-Teacher Form was developed with a sample of 286 elementary schoolchildren. The validity and reliability of the measure were supported by factor analytic structure, relatively high internal consistency, test-retest correlation over 2 mo., and correlations of .24 to .39 with scores on the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test. Factor analysis yielded two factors related to alexithymia, Difficulty in Describing Feelings and Difficulty Relating to Others. Alexithymia constructs such as a paucity of fantasy life and externally oriented thinking were not recorded.

Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Mental Dexterity Test

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Thumin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Numerical Ability ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The primary objective of the present study was to factor analyze a recently developed mental ability test in order to develop verbal and numerical subtesrs—then to establish the reliability of the subtests (and of the test as a whole) using 97 advanced college students as Ss. Using a varimax rotation, some 34 factors were extracted, the most prominent two factors being verbal and numerical in nature. Based mainly on factor-loadings, two subtests were developed—a 50-item verbal comprehension test and a 30-item numerical ability test. The KR-20 reliability coefficients for the verbal and numerical subtests were .89 and .82 respectively, whereas that for the entire 100-item test was .93.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Perceived External and Internal Faces of Controlling Teaching among Students in Physical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Rafael Burgueño ◽  
Ángel Abós ◽  
Luis García-González ◽  
Henri Tilga ◽  
Javier Sevil-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Need Frustration ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Sequential Studies

There are no validated instruments to date that have examined the students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching practices in physical education (PE). Grounded in self-determination theory, the objective of this research was to provide validity and reliability evidence of the Controlling Teaching Scale for Physical Education (CTS-PE) to assess the external and internal faces of controlling teaching in PE through two sequential studies. In Study 1 (n = 241 students), an exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-item two-factor solution (four items per factor). In Study 2 (n = 968 students), a confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight-item two-factor correlated model (i.e., externally and internally controlling teaching) that was invariant across gender. Reliability coefficients indicated an acceptable level of reliability for the two factors of the CTS-PE. A structural equation modelling showed that externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours positively predicted need frustration, and negatively need satisfaction. The current study gathered evidence to consider the CTS-PE as a valid and reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of PE teachers’ externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours. The CTS-PE provides PE teachers with deeper insights into the negative psychological experiences associated with externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours in PE.

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