Strength Gains, Locus of Control, and Self-Description of College Football Players

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
Ronald Brone ◽  
Marvin Reznikoff
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
College Football ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Check List ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Self Confidence

The present study investigated strength gains and change in self-concept and locus of control related to participation in a weight-training program. 37 college football players were administered Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and Gough and Heilbrun's Adjective Check List prior to and immediately following their participation in a 14-wk. weight-training program. While participants who scored high on the Femininity scale and high on externality on the I-E scale achieved greater gains on some of the strength measures, for the most part I-E and Adjective Check List scores did not predict strength changes. A positive correlation was found between change in total strength and change in score on the Self-confidence scale. Regardless of change in strength, subjects showed an increase in scores on the Order scale from pretest to posttest. The need for further research on the relationships between participation in a weight-training program, gains in strength and self-concept is discussed.

Internal-External Control Orientation, Self-Description, and Bridge Playing Expertise

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Reznikoff ◽  
Carolyn Bridges ◽  
Tannah Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
External Control ◽  
Check List ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between expertise in bridge playing, the degree to which the individual believes that luck or fate determine his success and self-description. Ss, 46 males and 24 females participating in a national bridge tournament, were administered Rotter's I-E scale and the Adjective Check List (ACL). Correlations of I-E scores and degree of expertness showed that the more expert males were significantly less external, indicating that they perceive bridge as much more a game of skill rather than chance. No significant correlation was found for the group of female bridge players, perhaps due to the smaller number of Ss and the greater degree of homogeneity in the group. On the ACL male experts perceived themselves as more controlled and optimistic toward life and their ability to cope with it. Female experts seemed to regard themselves as more assertive and self-confident than their less expert confreres and as having a more risk-taking life orientation. Correlations of the ACL and I-E scores indicated in general that the more internally oriented person had a more positive self-concept.

Nine-Year Cross-Sectional Study of Change in Self-Concepts of College Freshmen

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis O. Vidoni
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Check List ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Yearly Means

Entering freshman classes at a midwest Catholic university were administered Gough's Adjective Check List (1965) each year from 1965 to 1973. Random samples from each class were drawn and compared on five constructed scales of self-concept. The N for each of the years was 75. Significant year-to-year differences were found on 2 of the 5 scales. In addition, a significant “wave-like” trend in the yearly means of one scale was observed. These differences indicated a change for groups in sociability and contemplative independence areas of self-concept.

Effect of a Weight-Training Program on the Self-Concepts of College Males

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
College Males ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
Total Body

This study was conducted to determine the effect of a weight-training program on the self-concepts of 105 college males and whether or not success in the lifting program affected self-concepts. Subjects were randomly selected by a duster-sampling strategy, divided by self-selection into an experimental and a control group, and assessed on the Tennessee Self-concept Scale. The weight-training program required two intense 50-min. total-body workouts per week for 16 wk. Significant differences between groups were found on five of the nine self-concept measures including the Total Positive score; this supported the hypothesis that regular weight-training positively influences self-concept. The experimental group also showed significant improvement from pre- to posttest on eight of the nine self-concept indices, yet control subjects displayed no significant changes on any of the measures. Level of success in the lifting program was not determined to be a significant moderator variable.

Pet Ownership and Self-Perceptions of Older People

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline H. Kidd ◽  
Bruce Max Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Check List ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Scheffe Test ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Pet Owners

The study investigated the relationships between pet-ownership or non-ownership among elderly subjects and scores on the Adjective Check List scales. It was hypothesized that pet-owners would score higher on the Self-confidence and Personal Adjustment scales and lower on the Abasement, Deference, and Succorance scales than non-owners. 104 adults completed an experimenter-designed questionnaire and the check list. An analysis of variance was performed on the standardized T scores for each scale. For owners and non-owners combined, the Scheffé test showed that males were significantly higher on the Need for Achievement and Endurance scales, while females were significantly higher on the Lability scale. Pet-owners were significantly higher on the number of adjectives checked and on the Nurturance scale and significantly lower on the Succorance and Abasement scales than non-owners. Two of the interactions were significant. Male pet-owners scored significantly higher on the Defensiveness scale and male non-owners scored significantly higher on the number of unfavorable adjectives checked than did the other three groups. The differences suggest that pet-ownership may be psychologically advantageous to the elderly. Further research is needed.

Women Law Students’ Descriptions of Self and the Ideal Lawyer

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane W. Coplin ◽  
John E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Law Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Occupational Aspirations ◽  
Check List ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

This study employed the Adjective Check List to assess descriptions of self and ideal lawyer among women law students in terms of sex-trait stereotypes and need structures. When compared to a sample of female undergraduates, the law students exhibited more self-confidence and autonomy. However, the law students perceived the ideal lawyer to be more rational and less emotional than themselves. While the female law students and female undergraduates had theoretically feminine self-descriptions, the law students’ perception of the ideal lawyer was relatively quite masculine. It was proposed that the perception of the legal profession as requiring primarily masculine traits may affect the self-selection of women into the field and may limit the occupational aspirations of women within the profession.

Self-Image of Nurses

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Reich ◽  
Andrew Geller
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Check List ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Image

163 female graduate nurses described themselves using Gough and Heilbrun's Adjective Check List. The nurses scored higher on Dominance, Self-control, Achievement, Order, Self-confidence, Counseling, Readiness and Nurturance, among other variables and lower on Succorance, Change, Abasement, Lability and Number of Unfavorable Items Checked than the norms.

Factorial Study of Motivational Self-Ratings by Female Subjects

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Sciortino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Check List ◽  
Initial Matrix ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Undergraduate Female ◽  
Promax Rotation ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Female Subjects

An iterative factor analysis was performed on the scores obtained from a Motivational Adjective Check List (MACL) ( N = 102 undergraduate female students). The initial matrix of significant factors was rotated according to the quartimax, varimax, and equamax procedures. The promax rotation was then performed on each of the three orthogonal solutions obtaining the promax-quartimax, promax-varimax, and promax-equamax solutions. Interpretation of factors was based on the promax-equamax solution and the factors obtained were: dedication, persistence, self-confidence, assertion, striving, individuality, and pursuance.

The Personal Attribute Inventory as a Self Concept Scale: A Preliminary Report

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1141-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Parish ◽  
Gerald M. Eads ◽  
David E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Personal Attribute ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Check List ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Female College ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Self-concept scores on the 100-item Personal Attribute Inventory of 6 male and 36 female college students were significantly correlated (.80) with their scores on the 75-item “Unfavorable” subscale and (—.73) on the 75-item “Favorable” subscale of the Adjective Check List. In a second study with 16 males and 34 females, 4-wk. test-retest reliability for the inventory was .83.

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