Polygraph Lie Detection on Real Events in a Laboratory Setting

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Bradley ◽  
M. C. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Control Question ◽  
Polygraph Testing ◽  
Emotional Events

This laboratory study dealt with real-life intense emotional events. Subjects generated embarrassing stories from their experience, then submitted to polygraph testing and, by lying, denied their stories and, by telling the truth, denied a randomly assigned story. Money was given as an incentive to be judged innocent on each story. An interrogator, blind to the stories, used Control Question Tests and found subjects more deceptive when lying than when truthful. Stories interacted with order such that lying on the second story was more easily detected than lying on the first. Embarrassing stories provide an alternative to the use of mock crimes to study lie detection in the laboratory.

Detecting Deception: Effect of Auditory and Visual Stimuli on Pupil Dilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Yeonsil Lee ◽  
Hui-Teak Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Control Question

We investigated the effects of auditory and visual stimuli on pupil dilation induced by emotional arousal during deception. The 33 participants were free to select to be in either a guilty or a not-guilty group. The guilty group performed a theft crime mission, and the not-guilty group performed a legal mission. To detect deception, we measured their pupil diameter with an eye tracker, and they completed the Control Question Test that is typically employed in polygraph tests, and which is based on a comparison of physiological responses to crime-relevant questions and comparison questions. This test was presented via one of three stimuli: auditory, visual, or dual sensory (auditory and visual simultaneously). The findings revealed that the diameter of the pupils of the guilty group increased differently according to the question type when both auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously. Results suggest that pupil dilation could be the deception discriminant, and the use of more than one sensory stimulus may support lie detection in forensic investigations.

Idioms in intercultural communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62
Author(s):  
Karsten Senkbeil
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Abstract This paper combines central ideas from Intercultural Pragmatics and Cultural Linguistics to rethink an issue that has been amply discussed in various branches of linguistics: idioms, ‘phrasemes,’ and other forms of fixed-form figurative language, when used in intercultural communication (ICC). It argues that an interaction-oriented approach needs to think beyond the description and mapping of idioms in different languages and cultures, and apply both pragmatic and cognitive linguistic approaches to explain if and how idiomatic language works (or does not work) in ICC. Methodologically, this paper relies on a combination of empirical approaches. A data-inductive analysis of authentic intercultural discourse involving native speakers of German, Afrikaans, and Zulu, who use English as a lingua franca in a project management setting provides interesting real-life examples of the pragmatic aspects of idiomatic language in authentic ICC. The results of this pragmalinguistic analysis have inspired and are accompanied by a deductive-experimental study, using questionnaires for speakers of various native languages (Arabic, German, Russian, Spanish, Turkish), testing the cross-linguistic communicability of English idioms in a ‘laboratory setting.’ These experiments show that an appreciation of both the embodied and empractic-interactional dimensions of idioms promises insights into how figurative language and fixed-form expressions are used successfully or unsuccessfully in ICC and why.

RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY SIGNAL TO A CONTROL QUESTION TEST: A NEW APPROACH FOR THE DETECTION OF DECEPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050029
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amin Younessi Heravi ◽  
Morteza Pishghadam ◽  
Hosnieh Raoufian ◽  
Akram Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Recurrence Quantification Analysis ◽  
Recurrence Plots ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Control Question ◽  
Recurrence Quantification ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aimed to evaluate a lie-detection system by nonlinear analysis of electrooculography (EOG) signals in the polygraph test. The physiological signals such as photoplethysmography signal, electrodermal response, respiratory changes as well as EOG signal were recorded based on a Control Question Test (CQT). Three psychophysiological signals were evaluated based on the extracted features in the seven-position numerical scoring. The dynamics of EOG signals in subjects that had a total negative score were analyzed by recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). The six values of RQA were calculated to analyze the EOG signals in relevant questions compared to other questions. A one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed to evaluate the extracted variables in different questions. Eleven subjects had a total score of [Formula: see text]2 and less, so the EOG signals of these subjects were evaluated. Recurrence plots (RPs) of EOG signals showed clear differences in the two types of questions. The recurrence quantification analysis of vertical EOG signal indicated that [Formula: see text] and determinism (DET) values decreased significantly for relevant questions compared to other questions. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in all RQA parameters except RR for the horizontal EOG signal. The differences of EOG signals in relevant questions observed using RPs and RQA were possibly related to the underlying changes in rapid eye movement due to the stress. The results of this study illustrate that the RQA technique is well suited to analyze the EOG signals in the detection of deception.

Psychosocial stress based on public speech in humans: is there a real life/laboratory setting cross-adaptation?

Stress ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jezova ◽  
N. Hlavacova ◽  
I. Dicko ◽  
P. Solarikova ◽  
I. Brezina
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Cross Adaptation

GENDER DIFFERENCES EXAMINED IN THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN RESPECT OF THE PRISON STUFF ACROSS THE SERVICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Олег Михайлович Писарев
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Psychophysiological Research ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Polygraph Testing ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы обследования на полиграфе мужчин и женщин - сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы в рамках кадровых перемещений. С учетом имеющихся в психологической науке данных описывается ряд характерологических особенностей, в которых были обнаружены традиционные гендерные различия. Акцентируется внимание на учете специалистом-полиграфологом типовых моделей поведения обследуемых в процессе предтестовой беседы и тестирования на полиграфе с позиций гендерных различий персонала уголовно-исполнительной системы. Приведена практика проведения специальных психофизиологических исследований в отношении мужчин и женщин - сотрудников УФСИН России по Томской области, назначаемых на должности среднего начальствующего состава. Составлен психологический портрет усредненного профиля обследуемых по результатам психодиагностического обследования и инструментальной детекции лжи с применением полиграфа. При взаимодействии со специалистом-полиграфологом для обследуемых женщин характерен выбор демонстративной модели поведения, для мужчин характерен выбор сдержанно-корректного стиля поведения. Выявлена взаимосвязь между выбором модели поведения обследуемого на полиграфе лица и пола специалиста, осуществляющего опрос. Формулируется вывод о том, что учет гендерных различий обследуемых окажет помощь специалисту-полиграфологу в плане прогноза поведения тестируемых сотрудников в процессе полиграфной проверки, позволит сузить круг намеренно скрываемых ими факторов риска. The article deals with topical issues of polygraph examination of men and women employees of the criminal Executive system in the framework of personnel transfers. Taking into account the data available in psychological science, a number of characterological features are described, in which traditional gender differences were found. Attention is paid to the consideration by a polygraph specialist of typical behavior patterns in the process of pre-test conversation and polygraph testing from the perspective of gender differences in the personnel of the penal system. The practice of conducting special psychophysiological research in relation to men and women - employees of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia in the Tomsk region, appointed to the positions of middle management staff. A psychological portrait of the average profile of the subjects was compiled based on the results of psychodiagnostic examination and instrumental lie detection using a polygraph. When interacting with a specialist polygraph examiner, women are characterized by the choice of a demonstrative behavior model, while men are characterized by the choice of a reserved and correct behavior style. The relationship between the choice of the behavior model of the person being examined on a polygraph and the gender of the specialist conducting the survey is revealed. The conclusion is formulated that taking into account the gender differences of the subjects will help the polygraph specialist in terms of predicting the behavior of tested employees in the process of polygraph testing, will narrow the range of deliberately hidden risk factors.

Questing behavior of adult Amblyomma americanum (L.) in a laboratory setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Huang ◽  
Abby Jones ◽  
Afsoon Sabet ◽  
Jillian Masters ◽  
Natalie Dearing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Stem Type

Tick-borne diseases are on the rise globally; however, information is lacking about tick questing behavior. In this laboratory study, we explored tick preferences for stem type (plastic grass, wooden, and metal), questing height, and head orientation. Using 60 Amblyomma americanum adults over three 72-hour replicates, we determined that 21.7% of ticks quested at any given time and that ticks exhibited a strong preference to quest with their heads oriented downwards, irrespective of stem type. Individual ticks tended to quest on only one stem in this study, and a maximum of three. Nonetheless, ticks appeared to prefer questing on wooden and plastic grass stems over metal stems. We did not find an effect of time of day on tick questing rates. Increased understanding of tick questing behavior can improve vector control efforts.  

Measurement of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in samples of plasma, serum and urine, under real life conditions. An international study

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Harenberg ◽  
Shanshan Du ◽  
Martin Wehling ◽  
Shabnam Zolfaghari ◽  
Christel Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Serum And Urine ◽  
Serum And Urine Samples

AbstractThe utility of measuring non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in plasma, serum and urine samples and with the point-of-care test (POCT) on urine samples should be analysed in an international laboratory study.The study was performed to determine the inter-laboratory variance of data from two chromogenic assays each for the NOACs rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran, and to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the POCT assays for factor Xa- and thrombin inhibitors. Plasma, serum and urine samples were taken from six patients in each group on treatment with a NOAC.The inter-laboratory variances, which can be identified best by the coefficient of variation, ranged from 46% to 59% for apixaban, 63% to 73% for rivaroxaban and 39% to 104% for dabigatran using plasma, serum or urine samples and two chromogenic assays for each NOAC. The concentrations were about 20% higher in serum compared to plasma samples for apixaban and rivaroxaban, and 60% lower for dabigatran. The concentration in urine samples was five-fold (apixaban), 15-fold (rivaroxaban) and 50-fold (dabigatran) higher. Sensitivity and specificity of POCT for apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran were all >94%.The inter-laboratory study showed the feasibility of measurement of apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran in plasma, serum and urine samples of patients on treatment. Dabigatran was determined at far lower levels in serum compared to plasma samples. Concentrations of NOACs in urine were much higher compared to plasma. The POCT was highly sensitive and specific for all three NOACs.

Neuroergonomic and psychometric evaluation of full-face crew oxygen masks respiratory tolerance: a proof-of-concept study

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Cécile Nierat ◽  
M Raux ◽  
S Redolfi ◽  
J Gonzalez-Bermejo ◽  
G Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Respiratory Discomfort ◽  
Full Face

IntroductionPreventing in-flight hypoxia in pilots is typically achieved by wearing oxygen masks. These masks must be as comfortable as possible to allow prolonged and repeated use. The consequences of mask-induced facial contact pressure have been extensively studied, but little is known about mask-induced breathing discomfort. Because breathlessness is a strong distractor and engages cerebral resources, it could negatively impact flying performances.MethodsSeventeen volunteers (age 20–32) rated respiratory discomfort while breathing with no mask and with two models of quick-donning full-face crew oxygen masks with regulators (mask A, mask B). Electroencephalographic recordings were performed to detect a putative respiratory-related cortical activation in response to inspiratory constraint (experiment 1, n=10). Oxygen consumption was measured using indirect calorimetry (experiment 2, n=10).ResultsWith mask B, mild respiratory discomfort was reported significantly more frequently than with no mask or mask A (experiment 1: median respiratory discomfort on visual analogue scale 0.9 cm (0.5–1.4), experiment 1; experiment 2: 2 cm (1.7–2.9)). Respiratory-related cortical activation was present in 1/10 subjects with no mask, 1/10 with mask A and 6/10 with mask B (significantly more frequently with mask B). Breathing pattern, sigh frequency and oxygen consumption were not different.ConclusionsIn a laboratory setting, breathing through high-end aeronautical full-face crew oxygen masks can induce mild breathing discomfort and activate respiratory-related cortical networks. Whether or not this can occur in real-life conditions and have operational consequences remains to be investigated. Meanwhile, respiratory psychometric and neuroergonomic approaches could be worth integrating to masks development and evaluation processes.

“Live Cadaver” Model for Internal Carotid Artery Injury Simulation in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pacca ◽  
Sukhdeep S Jhawar ◽  
Daniel V Seclen ◽  
Eric Wang ◽  
Carl Snyderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Major Vessel ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Abstract BACKGROUND Intraoperative injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is the most dreaded complication in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of skull base. Training for ICA injury is practically impossible in live operative settings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a pulsatile perfusion-based live cadaveric model for ICA injury simulation in a laboratory setting. The major emphasis of the study was to evaluate various means of controlling acute bleeding and evaluating the practical utility of this model for training purposes. METHODS Five embalmed, uninjected cadaveric heads were prepared for study by connecting to a pulsatile perfusion pump system filled with artificial blood solution. EES approaches were used to evaluate different types of ICA injuries similar to operative scenarios. Various methods of managing ICA injuries such as packing, clipping, and trapping, were evaluated. The educational advantages of the live cadaver model were assessed using questionnaires given to participants in a hands-on dissection course. RESULTS The trainee was faced with several scenarios similar to those encountered during an actual intraoperative ICA injury. Packing, clipping, and trapping of the ICA injury were successfully achieved in all segments of the ICA. Clip-based reconstruction techniques were successfully developed. All trainees reported gaining new knowledge, learning new techniques. The responses to the questionnaire confirmed the significant educational value of this model. CONCLUSION The live cadaver model presented here provides real-life experience with major vessel injury during EES in a laboratory setting. This model could significantly improve current training for the management of intraoperative vascular injuries during EES.

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