Covert Speech Behavior during a Silent Language Recitation Task

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Livesay ◽  
Ashley Liebke ◽  
Michael Samaras ◽  
Aileen Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
American Flag ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Adult Volunteers

This study tested the prediction that covert speech behavior measured electromyographically from the lips is significantly more prominent during a brief silent-language recitation task than a brief nonlanguage visualization task. Subjects were 20 right-handed, adult volunteers who agreed to participate. Subjects were tested in a multiple-baseline reversal design following an ARAB procedure whereby A1 and A2 were 30–sec. rest periods. B1 and B2 were alternatively assigned 30–sec. silent-language recitation and visualization-test periods, respectively. Subjects' dorsal lips and nondominant forearm EMG measures were taken during resting baseline and testing conditions. In addition, subjects' skin surface temperature and heartrate were measured during the rest and test conditions. For the silent-language task, subjects were asked to recite ‘mentally’ the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. Subjects were instructed to ‘imagine seeing’ the American flag for the visualization task. Subjects' mean lip EMG activity increased significantly from rest to the silent-language recitation task, while no significant change in mean lip EMG was observed from rest to the visualization condition.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TESTING RESULTS OF THREE POORLY STREAMLINED ENTERTAINMENT VENUES / TRIJŲ SUDĖTINGO PAVIDALO PRAMOGINIŲ STATINIŲ MAKETŲ BANDYMŲ REZULTATŲ GRETINIMAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M. Pavlovsky ◽  
Igor M. Lebedich ◽  
Michail Samofalov ◽  
Valerij V. Orliansky
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Model Surface ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
Functional Purpose

The article discusses experimental investigations of wind effects and use of design codes for solving aerodynamic problems. It provides data regarding wind-tunnel tests conducted on three buildings with poorly streamlined shapes, including: methodology and test conditions, aerodynamic properties of the designed structures, features of physical models and research results. All three civil buildings are multi-purpose stadiums of the European level. Despite the identical functional purpose, each building has a unique shape and volume. The paper analyses and compares testing conditions in the wind tunnel and some selective results. The authors propose a criterion for estimating aerodynamic properties of the overhanging roof over spectator stands. The article also considers dependencies of model surface pressures on airflow directions under various test conditions. Santrauka Darbe trumpai apžvelgti vėjo poveikių eksperimentiniai tyrimai ir projektavimo normų taikymas aerodinamikos uždaviniams spręsti. Pateikti duomenys apie trijų sudėtingo pavidalo statinių maketų eksperimentinius tyrimus aero-dinaminiame vamzdyje: metodika ir bandymų sąlygos, projektuojamų statinių aerodinaminės savybės, ypatingi maketų bruožai, bandymų rezultatai. Visi trys statiniai – europinio lygio universalieji stadionai. Nepaisant bendrosios funkcinės paskirties, kiekvieno statinio pavidalas ir tūrinis sprendinys yra originalūs. Darbe gretinamos bandymų sąlygos ir pasirinktiniai rezultatai, pasiūlytas sportinių ir pramoginių statinių gembinio stogo virš žiūrovų tribųnų aerodinaminių savybių nagrinejimo kriterijus. Išanalizuotos slėgio ant maketų paviršių priklausomybės nuo oro srauto krypties, esant įvairiems bandymų variantams.

Formation of Microgrooving on C110 casing steel after Sulfide Stress Cracking Test

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3714 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Mendibide ◽  
Claude Duret Thual
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
Sulfide Stress Cracking ◽  
Sour Service ◽  
C110 Steel

NACE TM0177 is a commonly employed materials qualification standard specifying how Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) tests must be conducted and interpreted to verify the suitability of material application in sour service. This standard specifies through the so-called method A test (a tensile uniaxial environmental cracking test) that a material could be considered acceptable for sour service as long as no failure is evidenced after 720 hours of exposure, and no initiation of environmental cracking is observed on the reduced length of the specimen after macrographic observations. After cross-sectional observations, so-called “micro-grooves” can sometimes be evidenced on the surfaces of non-failed specimens. Such features can hardly be interpreted as SSC crack initiation sites considering their shape and depth. Experience, however, shows that the formation of these microgrooves appears to be dependent on test conditions and type of load. This paper presents the results of investigations on the parameters influencing the micro-groove formation on C110 steel after the method A uniaxial tensile SSC test. Test parameters influencing the groove formation are studied, and the results suggest that grooving is not considered as SSC initiation for the testing conditions used in this work

Electromyographic Assessment of Dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) in Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lonowski ◽  
F. E. Sterling ◽  
Hugh A. King
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Control Subject ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Normal Control Subject ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Oral Dyskinesia ◽  
Reversal Design

An ABAB reversal design with matched placebo was employed to assess the acetylcholine precursor, deanol, in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Oral dyskinesia was monitored by electromyography in four patients with tardive dyskinesia. A battery of psychological rating scales was also utilized to determine effects of deanol on psychological functioning. Improvement ranged from 35 to 70% dyskinetic symptom reduction in three patients given deanol. The decrease in symptomatology, however, did not reach the level of oral EMG activity observed in a normal control subject. Psychological functioning was generally unaffected, but slight improvement was seen in two subjects.

Covert Speech Behavior during Video-Viewing Tasks with and without An Overt Speech Soundtrack

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Livesay
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Video Viewing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overt Speech

This pilot study tested the prediction that covert speech activity measured by lip EMG(μv) is significantly greater during the presentation of prerecorded speech than in a ‘speechless’ video-viewing test condition and conditions of rest. A single-subject multiple-baseline design was used and nondominant forearm EMG(μv) activity was also measured for comparison purposes. Analysis showed a significant increase in lip EMG(μv) activity in 1 out of 2 rest-to-test conditions involving the presentation of prerecorded overt speech. There was no significant difference in the subjects' mean lip EMG(μv) values across 3 test conditions, however.

Effects of Training in Monitoring Accuracy on Processing Speed in Mental Retardation

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-746
Author(s):  
Neil Brewer ◽  
Glen Smith ◽  
Leanne Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Structural Characteristic ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Monitoring Accuracy ◽  
Reversal Design

Monitoring accuracy during choice RT allows subjects to maintain fast, safe RT bands and avoid overly fast, unsafe RT bands. 5 retarded adults received trial-by-trial feedback on accuracy over a number of sessions to train monitoring of accuracy and to improve RT performance. Training was introduced according to a multiple-baseline-across-subjects (with reversal) design. Training had no significant effect on subsequent RT performance, suggesting that inefficient monitoring of accuracy may be a structural characteristic of mental retardation.

scholarly journals Testing procedure for determining isothermal properties of the freight car body intended for the transport of perishable freights in the absence of specialized climate chamber

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
D. O. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Testing Procedure ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Heat Engineering ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Freight Car

According to the Rules for the transport of perishable freights by rail, isothermal vehicles must comply with the provisions of the Agreement on the international transport of perishable foodstuffs and on special vehicles intended for this transport (ATP). The article proposed a technique for determining isothermal properties of the body of freight cars intended for the transportation of perishable freights by testing in the absence of a specialized climate chamber. The requirements of the ATP to the testing conditions are analyzed and the parameters that in the absence of a specialized climate chamber are impossible or difficult to perform are considered in detail. For each such parameter, a sequence of actions has been developed to bring the actual test conditions closer to the requirements of the ATP, and methods that allow adjusting the test results are justified taking into account the reduction of the specified parameters to the requirements of the ATP.The proposed methodology of heat engineering tests of isothermal cars will allow:• conduct heat engineering tests of thermos and refrigerated cars with high accuracy of obtaining the final result and the basic requirements of ATP;• create a mechanism for control and examination of isothermal cars and containers under comparable conditions.The methodology is of interest to organizations involved in the thermotechnical testing of isothermal cars, as well as for organizations entrusted with the functions of monitoring the thermotechnical parameters of isothermal cars.

scholarly journals The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (46) ◽  
pp. 17994-17999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Fierer ◽  
Micah Hamady ◽  
Christian L. Lauber ◽  
Rob Knight
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Bacteria thrive on and within the human body. One of the largest human-associated microbial habitats is the skin surface, which harbors large numbers of bacteria that can have important effects on health. We examined the palmar surfaces of the dominant and nondominant hands of 51 healthy young adult volunteers to characterize bacterial diversity on hands and to assess its variability within and between individuals. We used a novel pyrosequencing-based method that allowed us to survey hand surface bacterial communities at an unprecedented level of detail. The diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities was surprisingly high; a typical hand surface harbored >150 unique species-level bacterial phylotypes, and we identified a total of 4,742 unique phylotypes across all of the hands examined. Although there was a core set of bacterial taxa commonly found on the palm surface, we observed pronounced intra- and interpersonal variation in bacterial community composition: hands from the same individual shared only 17% of their phylotypes, with different individuals sharing only 13%. Women had significantly higher diversity than men, and community composition was significantly affected by handedness, time since last hand washing, and an individual's sex. The variation within and between individuals in microbial ecology illustrated by this study emphasizes the challenges inherent in defining what constitutes a “healthy” bacterial community; addressing these challenges will be critical for the International Human Microbiome Project.

Using Self-Monitoring to Increase the On-Task Behaviour of Three Students with Disabilities During Independent Work

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Anderson ◽  
Kevin Wheldall
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
Monitoring Accuracy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Independent Work

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using a tactile cued self-monitoring device (Watchminder) and a self-recording booklet to improve the on-task behaviour of three primary aged students with disabilities during independent work. A multiple baseline across students with reversal design was used. Two of three participants made clinically significant improvements in on-task behaviour, replicating prior research which found that reactivity from self-monitoring is idiosyncratic to student characteristics. No consistent relationship between self-monitoring accuracy and reactivity was apparent.

scholarly journals Effect of Words Highlighting in School Tasks upon Typical ADHD Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleska Mascarenhas dos Santos ◽  
Alessandra Rocha de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Students ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
School Failure ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Students With Adhd ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
School Tasks

Abstract Behavioral interventions in classroom are relevant to the educational process of students with ADHD. It is in this context that typical disorder’s behaviors are especially problematic and contribute to high rates of school failure and dropout. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of word highlighting on inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity of three elementary students with ADHD. A multiple baseline design combined with a reversal design was used. Reduction in the frequency of the behaviors of interest and higher frequency of correct answers in school tasks were observed when words were highlighted. The results replicate and extend data of previous studies. The application of the intervention with different contents and tasks is proposed.

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