Electromyographic Assessment of Dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) in Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lonowski ◽  
F. E. Sterling ◽  
Hugh A. King
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Control Subject ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Normal Control Subject ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Oral Dyskinesia ◽  
Reversal Design

An ABAB reversal design with matched placebo was employed to assess the acetylcholine precursor, deanol, in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Oral dyskinesia was monitored by electromyography in four patients with tardive dyskinesia. A battery of psychological rating scales was also utilized to determine effects of deanol on psychological functioning. Improvement ranged from 35 to 70% dyskinetic symptom reduction in three patients given deanol. The decrease in symptomatology, however, did not reach the level of oral EMG activity observed in a normal control subject. Psychological functioning was generally unaffected, but slight improvement was seen in two subjects.

Conceptual distance indices as measures of alienation in obsessional neurosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Makhlouf-Norris ◽  
H. Gwynne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Control Subject ◽  
Obsessional Neurosis

SYNOPSISA new method for the measurement of alienation is proposed. It is based upon the conceptual distance between people. For each subject, the observed distances between all possible pairs of elements were calculated and compared with the expected distance between two elements drawn at random. The ratios derived in this way were used to examine intra-self alienation and actual self isolation. The obsessional patient is self alienated and isolated. The normal control subject is self and socially integrated.

A Cineradiography Investigation of Children’s w/r Substitutions

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
J. Bruce Tomblin
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Normal Control Subject ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Target Configuration ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Articulatory positioning and movement characteristics were compared between /w/ and intended /r/ productions in three children exhibiting w/r substitutions and one normal control subject. High-speed lateral-view cineradiography was utilized. It was found that only the control subject demonstrated significant differences in lip, jaw, and tongue positioning for /w/ compared to /r/. However, systematic patterns of articulatory variability within and between subjects suggested that the experimental subjects were possibly differentiating between /w/ and intended /r/ even though the articulatory target configuration appeared to be nondiscriminatory. Perceptual judgments of the tape-recorded utterances mirrored the physiological data in that only those intended /r/ productions involving articulatory positioning clearly different from that of /w/ were perceived as /r/.

Prevalence of Extrapyramidal Side Effects in Patients Receiving Depot Antipsychotic Medication

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
B. Luft ◽  
E. Berent
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Depot Antipsychotic ◽  
Long Acting

Introduction:Long-acting depot antipsychotic medication is associated with extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). This may reduce adherence to medication, and precipitate relapse (1). Clearly, EPS is a major drawback and early detection is essential. However, in an earlier review of patients’ medical notes, we identified only one patient with an examination that recorded the presence of EPS. Despite the fact that a number of rating scales are available. We proposed that the application of these rating scales, would allow us to improve the assessment of EPS.Method:All patients prescribed a depot antipsychotic or long-acting risperidone injection, were identified. the Barnes Akathisia Scale (2) was chosen to rate akathisia, a modified Simpson-Angus scale (3) was chosen to rate parkinsonism and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (4) was chosen to rate tardive dyskinesia.Results:A total of 43 patients were evaluated. 23 (53%) patients showed drug induced EPS. the total number of positive cases of akathisia was 12 (28%), and 10 (23%) patients were found to have tardive dyskinesia. 13 (30%) patients were found to have drug induced parkinsonism.Conclusions:Our screening programme has identified high rates of previously undiscovered drug induced EPS.

scholarly journals Dropout from cognitive behavioural treatment in a case of bulimia nervosa: The role of the therapeutic alliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sarracino ◽  
Alice Garavaglia ◽  
Emanuela S. Gritti ◽  
Laura Parolin ◽  
Marco Innamorati
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Observer Ratings

Despite the refinement of the cognitive treatment for eating disorders, relatively high dropout rates represent a major problem for therapists and researchers. This study investigated the case of a patient with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, who dropped out of outpatient CBT after 28 weekly sessions. In addition to standard clinical outcome assessment, we examined how patient's psychological functioning and therapeutic alliance changed across sessions by applying observer-rating scales to the therapy transcripts. Although the patient reported some improvement at the six-month retest, observer ratings showed persistence of impaired functioning and frequent ruptures in the patient-therapist relationship throughout the treatment. We concluded that a thorough examination of the therapy process might help to understand the factors that lead to premature treatment termination.

New findings on tardive dyskinesia in a community sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O'Hara ◽  
Traolach S. Brugha ◽  
Alain Lesage ◽  
John Wing
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisIn a geographically defined area sample of 141 long-term psychiatric patients in day care in south London, the relationship between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other aspects of illness, treatment, and social and psychological functioning were studied. The results are compared with previous findings. TD was significantly associated with parkinsonian symptoms and with the number of years in contact with the psychiatric services. There was a trend, in affective disorder only, towards an association with current neuroleptic dose. The patients with affective disorder also had higher rates of TD than patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis. History of treatment with ECT correlated negatively with TD among those with schizophrenia, and positively among those with affective disorder. As in other studies, duration of neuroleptic treatment did not correlate with the presence or absence of TD. In contrast to some previous reports, age and cognitive status were not related to TD status. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Pharmacotherapeutic Trials in Tardive Dyskinesia

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus V. P. Mackay ◽  
Graham P. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Drug Challenge ◽  
Definition Of

SummarySome of the clinical factors contributing to the currently unsatisfactory state of therapy for tardive dyskinesia are reviewed. Problems such as lack of clear syndrome delineation and phenomenological description, the lack of standardization in rating scales and the lack of attention to trial design have all probably contributed to a rather confusing picture. Controlled trials suggest that several pharmacological agents may be of therapeutic value but that clinical prediction of an individual's response is impossible. The strategy of acute drug challenge has emerged as perhaps the most promising approach to the definition of pharmacological subtypes and therefore the choice of optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Quantitative Electromyographic Analysis of Reaction Time to External Auditory Stimuli inDrug-NaïveParkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Young Kwon ◽  
Byung Kyu Park ◽  
Ji Won Kim ◽  
Gwang-Moon Eom ◽  
Junghwa Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Isometric Muscle Contraction ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Evaluation of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still based on clinical rating scales by clinicians. Reaction time (RT) is the time interval between a specific stimulus and the start of muscle response. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of RT responses in PD patients using electromyography (EMG) and to elucidate the relationship between RT and clinical features of PD. The EMG activity of 31 PD patients was recorded during isometric muscle contraction. RT was defined as the time latency between an auditory beep and responsive EMG activity. PD patients demonstrated significant delays in both initiation and termination of muscle contraction compared with controls. Cardinal motor symptoms of PD were closely correlated with RT. RT was longer in more-affected side and in more-advanced PD stages. Frontal cognitive function, which is indicative of motor programming and movement regulation and perseveration, was also closely related with RT. In conclusion, greater RT is the characteristic motor features of PD and it could be used as a sensitive tool for motor function assessment in PD patients. Further investigations are required to clarify the clinical impact of the RT on the activity of daily living of patients with PD.

EMG and Cardiovascular Responses to Emotionally Provocative Photographs and Text

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Livesay ◽  
Tiffany Porter
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Reversal Design

Previous studies on the psychophysiology of human emotion have repeatedly shown general and occasionally specific facial EMG (μv) and covert cardiovascular response relationships to emotionally provocative photographs. Less clear are the relationships between psychophysiological response indices measured during the silent reading of emotionally charged versus emotionally neutral text. In this study, 12 adult subjects were presented two emotionally loaded color and black-and-white photographs and two brief newspaper articles, one emotionally charged and the other emotionally neutral in content. Each independent stimulus was presented for 1 min., preceded by a rest according to a multiple baseline-reversal design. Subjects evaluated each pictorial and textual stimulus condition according to adjective dimensions on 7-point rating scales. Mean values for corrugator supercilii EMG (μv), upper trapezius EMG (μv), surface temperature (°F), and heart rate (bpm) measured by finger photoplethysmography were measured during each rest and test period. Significant increases in the subjects' mean corrugator supercilii EMG (μv) measures were observed during all color and black-and-white photograph presentations for both emotional and neutral content. As predicted, the subjects' mean corrugator supercilii EMG (μv) measures increased significantly while silently reading text with an obvious unpleasant emotional tone. A significant positive relationship was observed between the subjects' mean ratings and mean corrugator EMG (μv) difference values for the emotionally loaded color photographs.

Covert Speech Behavior during a Silent Language Recitation Task

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Livesay ◽  
Ashley Liebke ◽  
Michael Samaras ◽  
Aileen Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
American Flag ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Adult Volunteers

This study tested the prediction that covert speech behavior measured electromyographically from the lips is significantly more prominent during a brief silent-language recitation task than a brief nonlanguage visualization task. Subjects were 20 right-handed, adult volunteers who agreed to participate. Subjects were tested in a multiple-baseline reversal design following an ARAB procedure whereby A1 and A2 were 30–sec. rest periods. B1 and B2 were alternatively assigned 30–sec. silent-language recitation and visualization-test periods, respectively. Subjects' dorsal lips and nondominant forearm EMG measures were taken during resting baseline and testing conditions. In addition, subjects' skin surface temperature and heartrate were measured during the rest and test conditions. For the silent-language task, subjects were asked to recite ‘mentally’ the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. Subjects were instructed to ‘imagine seeing’ the American flag for the visualization task. Subjects' mean lip EMG activity increased significantly from rest to the silent-language recitation task, while no significant change in mean lip EMG was observed from rest to the visualization condition.

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