An Assimilation Effect in Judging the Grammaticality of Sentences Violating the Subjacency Condition

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assimilation Effect ◽  
Anchoring Effect ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Clause

Two experiments explored the anchoring effect, particularly an assimilation effect, in judging the grammaticality of sentences violating the subjacency condition. Subjects judged two types of sentences similar on the surface but differing in judged acceptability. One sentence type included an embedded clause expressing the subjective experience of a matrix noun phrase (Subjective sentence) while the other sentence type did not include such a clause (Nonsubjective sentence). Exp. 1 showed the assimilation effect only for Subjective target sentences paired with Nonsubjective anchor sentences. Exp. 2, in which speakers' field-dependence was manipulated, showed a clear assimilation effect for field-dependent speakers. Thus, regardless of the type of target sentences judged, the judgments for field-dependent speakers approximated those made on the anchors, while such was not the case for field-independent speakers. Findings indicate that even the pattern of judgments between the two types of sentences was affected by an extragrammatical factor such as field-dependence.

Comparison of Selected Perceptual and Personality Variables among College Women Deviant and Non-Deviant in Their Appearance

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara O. White ◽  
Anne P. Kernaleguen
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent

40 college women, 20 designated as deviant and 20 as non-deviant on the basis of skirt length, were administered measures of field-dependence, psychological security-insecurity, inner-other directedness and orientations to dress. The hypothesized difference between deviant and non-deviant Ss on selected variables of perception and personality was largely confirmed. Deviant Ss were significantly more field-independent, psychologically more secure, and had a stronger orientation to dress to seek rewards and to be different from others than non-deviant Ss. The latter were more field-dependent, more insecure, and had a greater orientation to dress to avoid punishment and to be like others. Deviants and non-deviants were not significantly different in inner-other directedness; both groups scored within the other-directed range.

Alcohol, Field Dependence, and Dyadic Self-Disclosure

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Rohrberg ◽  
Joaquin F. Sousa-Poza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Alcohol Condition

16 dyads composed of subjects matched for cognitive style (8 field-dependent, 8 field-independent male medical students) discussed 5 topics—three “required” followed by 2 “free-choice.” Half of the dyads (4 field-dependent, 4 field-independent) had consumed .80 ml 94% alcohol per kg body weight; the other half received only a mixer (orange juice) with 4 ml alcohol poured on top. Amount of self-disclosure (total time spent in discussion) was not affected by alcohol ingestion; over-all depth of disclosure as rated by two judges, however, was significantly greater in the alcohol condition. For all dyads, both amount and depth of disclosure were significantly greater for free-choice topics where field-dependent pairs showed a significantly higher amount of disclosure as well as greater depth than field independents.

Field Dependence and the Differentiation of Affective States

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine R. Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent

SummaryThe extent to which anxiety, irritability and depression were differentiated as separate entities associated with characteristic patterns of somatic and cognitive symptoms by field dependent (FD) and field independent (Fl) normal female subjects was studied with the Hidden Figures Test and Unpleasant Emotions Questionnaire. In the Fl group the correlations between the three emotions were low and non-significant, reflecting a clear-cut differentiation in symptom configuration, as shown by psychiatrists. In the FD group the inter-correlations were significant and positive, corresponding to relatively poor symptom differentiation, comparable to that of a psychiatric patient group. This suggests that the cognitive style variable of field dependence may underly differences in symptom differentiation associated with psychiatrist/patient differences and, more generally, with social class and sex differences.

Field Dependence and Self-Disclosure

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin F. Sousa-Poza ◽  
Robert Rohrberg ◽  
Ernest Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Social ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Personality Theories

Some characteristics of the social behavior of field-dependents as well as their superior recognition of ambiguous social stimuli led to the hypothesis that they would show greater self-disclosure than field-independents. This hypothesis was tested by administering the 60-item Jourard Self-disclosure Questionnaire (JSDQ) to 13 field-dependent and 13 field-independent Ss. In terms of total self-disclosure scores, field-dependents showed significantly (.025) higher levels than field-independents. Results are discussed in light of personality theories which emphasize the role of self-conceptual transactions in the development of the self.

COGNITIVE STYLE PERFORMANCE AND FORM DISCRIMINATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen M. Vaught ◽  
Paul A. Roodin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Active Touch ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
Female College ◽  
Passive Touch ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent

Forty-two male and 42 female college students were subdivided into field independent, medium, and field dependent identity groups and matched for sex. Each subject was given 24 active and 24 passive touch form discrimination trials. The results showed that active touch form discrimination yielded fewer errors than passive touch and that females were better form discriminators than males. The interaction between field dependence, form discrimination and sex showed that in contrast to field independent subjects, field dependent males made more form discrimination errors while females improved. This interaction is discussed in relation to the field dependence literature.

Association of Field Dependence and Color-Coding to Male Students' Achievement

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-442
Author(s):  
Francis M. Dwyer ◽  
David M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study concerned the relationship of field dependence and differentially color-coded materials (black-and-white and colored) with 56 male students' achievement. Significant differences were found in favor of the 21 field-independent men on the Total Criterion Test. Nonsignificant differences were found on the color-coding variable. A surprising and unexpected result was that the field-dependent men who viewed the black and white materials scored significantly higher than the 4 who viewed the color-coded materials.

scholarly journals Field Dependence-Independence in Second-Language Acquisition: Some Forgotten Aspects

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tinajero ◽  
Fernanda Páramo
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Z Scores

This study examined the role of sex and intelligence in the relationship between field dependence-independence and second language acquisition for a sample of 383 students (187 girls and 196 boys) aged between 13 and 16. The Portable Rod and Frame Test (PRFT) and the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) were used to evaluate cognitive style. A two-way covariance analysis, with intelligence as the covariate, was employed to investigate differences in second language achievement between students classified as either field-dependent or field-independent. A cluster analysis using z scores was examined to study the performance of subjects classified as either field-dependent or field-independent according to scores obtained on the EFT and the PRFT (“coincident” subjects) and those classified as field-dependent in one test and field-independent in the other (“non-coincident” subjects). No statistically significant differences between the two groups were obtained when cognitive style was defined by scores on the PRFT. When field dependence-independence was measured by scores on the EFT, field-independent girls performed better than field-dependent girls (p < .005), but this outcome was not observed for boys. These results suggest a differential contribution of the “perceptive” and “cognitive” components of field dependence-independence and a modulating role by sex.

Information Variables in Voluntary Control and Classical Conditioning of Heart Rate: Field Dependence and Heart-Rate Perception

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dale ◽  
David Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate ◽  
Classically Conditioned

Two experiments focused on two information variables relevant to changes in heart rate, field dependence and the ability to perceive one's own heart rate. In Exp. I, 14 field-independent and 17 field-dependent subjects completed a heart-rate perception and a voluntary heart-rate control task. The anticipated superiority in heart-rate control by field-independent subjects was detected although no evidence was found for a relationship between the amount of biofeedback available in the situation and voluntary control of the cardiovascular system. Exp. II involved 9 field-independent and 8 field-dependent subjects in a classical conditioning paradigm involving shock sensitivity. In contrast with Exp. I, in this phase of the study heart-rate increases were correlated with the ability of the subject to discriminate heart beats, especially for the field-independent group. It was concluded that field dependence and heart-rate perception are related to classically conditioned heart-rate increase for some subjects and further that field dependence may be a potent variable operating in those situations involving the voluntary control of heart rate without exteroceptive feedback.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA KELAS VII SMP N 1 KRAGAN DALAM MEMECAHKAN DAN MENGAJUKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MATERI PERBANDINGAN DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Fitri Argarini ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Imam Sujadi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Thinking Process

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The research objectives were to determine and to describe creative thinking characteristic of 7<sup>th</sup> grade students of SMP N 1 Kragan in solving and proposing problem at comparative case seen from the cognitive style. This research belonged to descriptive research by qualitative-explorative approach. The sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. The subjects being used in this research were 4, those were 2 students with field dependent cognitive style and 2 students with field independent cognitive style. The subject grouping based on cognitive style was taken by group embedded figures test. There were two instruments that were used to collect the data of this research. The first instrument was solving and proposing problem test instrument. The second was interview guidance. They were validated by using the time triangulation test and the reference fulfillment. The data were analyzed using a Miles and Huberman’s concept, that was data reduction, presentation, and conclusion.. The results of this research show as follows, (1) Creative thinking characteristics of students who had field dependent cognitive style in solving and proposing problem were as follows. The fluency aspect was shown by the students through 4 stages of creative thinking process, both in solving and proposing the problem. The four stages were preparation stage, incubation stage, illumination stage, and verification stage. The flexibility aspect in solving problems appeared when the students gave the other alternative answer, whereas this aspect was not fulfilled in proposing the problems.  The originality aspect was not fulfilled in solving and proposing problems. (2) Creative thinking characteristics of students who had field independent cognitive style in solving and proposing problem were as follows. The fluency aspect was shown by the students through 4 stages of creative thinking process, both in solving and proposing the problem. The four stages were preparation stage, incubation stage, illumination stage, and verification stage. The flexibility aspect in solving problems was shown when the students gave the other alternative answer, while in proposing the problem this aspect was not completed because students were able to make only one question. The originality aspect in solving the problem could be seen when the students gave a new way solution and this  was different from the previous one. Meanwhile in proposing the problems, aspet of originality was not fulfilled.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:   creative thinking characteristics, solving  problems, proposing problems, cognitive style</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document