Interactions: Timing and Force Control of Finger-Tapping Sequences

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1395-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Inui ◽  
Takuya Ichihara ◽  
Takahisa Minami ◽  
Atsunori Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Weak Force ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study examined effects of combinations of intertap interval and muscle force on interactions between two factors in sequences of equally paced finger taps. 12 male college students tapped a force plate connected to strain gauges. Subjects firstly tapped the plate at a preferred pace and force for 12 sec. Next, subjects tapped the plate by half or double the preferred pace. A series of finger-tapping tasks then consisted of nine combinations of pace and force. Analysis showed that, although variations in intertap interval were considerably accurately controlled across conditions, those in peak forces were not. Movement timing of tapping sequences hence appeared to be independent of force control. For six of 12 subjects, on the other hand, positive correlations between spontaneous variations in intertap interval and in forces were noted. Then, although motor timing was independent of force control in conditions of low pace and weak force, there were strong interactions between the two factors under high pace conditions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Countermovement Jump Protocol on Reactive Strength Index Modified and Flight Time: Contraction Time in Collegiate Basketball Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Heishman ◽  
Brady Brown ◽  
Bryce Daub ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Eduardo Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Contraction Time ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Collegiate Basketball ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate differences in Reactive Strength Index Modified (RSIMod) and Flight Time to Contraction Time Ratio (FT:CT) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) performed without the arm swing (CMJNAS) compared to the CMJ with the arm swing (CMJAS), while exploring the relationship within each variable between jump protocols. A secondary purpose sought to explore the relationship between RSIMod and FT:CT during both jump protocols. Twenty-two collegiate basketball players performed both three CMJNAS and three CMJAS on a force plate, during two separate testing sessions. RSIMod was calculated by the flight-time (RSIModFT) and impulse-momentum methods (RSIModIMP). CMJ variables were significantly greater during the CMJAS compared to CMJNAS (p < 0.001). There were large to very large correlations within each variable between the CMJAS and CMJNAS. There were significant positive correlations among RSIModFT, RSIModIMP, and FT:CT during both the CMJAS (r ≥ 0.864, p < 0.001) and CMJNAS (r ≥ 0.960, p < 0.001). These findings identify an increase in RSIMod or FT:CT during the CMJAS, that may provide independent information from the CMJNAS. In addition, either RSIMod or FT:CT may be utilized to monitor changes in performance, but simultaneous inclusion may be unnecessary.

Timing and Force Control Deficits in Clumsy Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Lundy-Ekman ◽  
Richard Ivry ◽  
Steven Keele ◽  
Marjorie Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This study investigated the link between cognitive processes and neural structures involved in motor control. Children identified as clumsy through clinical assessment procedures were tested on tasks involving movement timing, perceptual timing, and force control. The clumsy children were divided into two groups: those with soft neurological signs associated with cerebellar dysfunction and those with soft neurological signs associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia. A control group of age-matched children who did not exhibit evidence of clumsiness or soft neurological signs was also tested. The results showed a double dissociation between the two groups of clumsy children and the tests of timing and force. Clumsy children with cerebellar signs were more variable when attempting to tap a series of equal intervals. They were also more variable on the time perception task, indicating a deficit in motor and perceptual timing. The clumsy children with basal ganglia signs were unimpaired on the timing tasks. However, they were more variable in controlling the amplitude of isometric force pulses. These results support the hypothesis that the control of time and force are separate components of coordination and that these computations are dependent on different neural systems.

scholarly journals Geographical Clustering and Environmental Determinants of Schistosomiasis from 2007 to 2012 in Jianghan Plain, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingnan Niu ◽  
Rendong Li ◽  
Juan Qiu ◽  
Xingjian Xu ◽  
Duan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Spatial Scan Statistic ◽  
Jianghan Plain ◽  
Two Factors

This study compared changes in the spatial clustering of schistosomiasis in Jianghan Plain, China by applying Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic. The Geodetector software was employed to detect the environmental determinants of schistosomiasis annually from 2007 to 2012. The most likely spatial cluster in 2007 covered the north-central part of Jianghan Plain, whereas those observed from 2008 to 2012 were toward the south, with extended coverage in generally the same areas across various periods, and some variation nevertheless in precise locations. Furthermore, the 2007 period was more likely to be clustered than any other period. We found that temperature, land use, and soil type were the most critical factors associated with infection rates in humans. In addition, land use and soil type had the greatest impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in 2009, whereas this effect was minimal in 2007. The effect of temperature on schistosomiasis prevalence reached its maximum in 2010, whereas in 2008, this effect was minimal. Differences observed in the effects of those two factors on the spatial distribution of human schistosomiasis were inconsistent, showing statistical significance in some years and a lack thereof in others. Moreover, when two factors operated simultaneously, a trend of enhanced interaction was consistently observed. High-risk areas with strong interactions of affected factors should be targeted for disease control interventions.

Timing and force control during a sequential tapping task in children with and without motor coordination problems

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN P. PIEK ◽  
ROSEMARY A. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Movement Sequence ◽  
And Control

In the present study a sequential tapping task was used to compare the planning and execution of finger tapping sequences in children with motor coordination problems (clumsy children) and control children. Fifteen children with significant movement problems were compared to 15 control children matched on age, sex, and Verbal IQ. The clumsy children took significantly longer to initiate the movement sequence (i.e., reaction time). During the execution of the sequence, the clumsy children left their finger on the tap plate for significantly longer for each tap than the control children. No significant differences were found between the groups for the time taken between the taps, or mean average force. Past research has indicated that the source of timing problems in clumsy children may lie in a central timing mechanism possibly the cerebellum, whereas the evidence from the present study indicates an impairment of the peripheral processes may be a more important contributor to timing deficits in clumsy children. (JINS, 1999, 5, 320–329.)

scholarly journals Overcoming the ceiling effects of experts’ motor expertise through active haptic training

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
pp. eabd2558
Author(s):  
M. Hirano ◽  
M. Sakurada ◽  
S. Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Error Feedback ◽  
Motor Expertise ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Somatosensory Function

One of the most challenging issues among experts is how to improve motor skills that have already been highly trained. Recent studies have proposed importance of both genetic predisposition and accumulated amount of practice for standing at the top of fields of sports and performing arts. In contrast to the two factors, what is unexplored is how one practices impacts on experts’ expertise. Here, we show that training of active somatosensory function (active haptic training) enhances precise force control in the keystrokes and somatosensory functions specifically of expert pianists, but not of untrained individuals. By contrast, training that merely repeats the task with provision of error feedback, which is a typical training method, failed to improve the force control in the experts, but not in the untrained. These findings provide evidence that the limit of highly trained motor skills could be overcome by optimizing training methods.

scholarly journals Individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer as mikroveranderlikes van diversiteit

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Rieger ◽  
C. J. H. Blignaut
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
South African ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
South African Context ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
African Context ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Individuality, collectivity and locus of control as micro variables of diversity. The principal aim of the study was to construct an instrument to measure individuality and collectivity as micro variables of diversity in the South African context. The Individuality-collectivity Inventory was applied to 326 university students. A factor analysis on 80 items yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as collectivity and individuality. The two scales were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,86 and 0,910. A secondary aim of the study was to determine whether any correlation exists between individuality, collectivity and locus of control. The two sub-scales of the Individuality-collectivity Inventory were correlated with the three sub-scales of the Locus of Control Inventory. Statistically significant positive correlations were found to exist between individuality, internal locus of control and autonomy. The implications of the findings on the management of diversity are discussed. Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die studie was om 'n instrument vir die meting van die konstrukte individualiteit en kollektiwiteit as mikroveranderlikes van diversiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks daar te stel. Die Individualiteit-kollektiwiteitskaal is op 326 universiteitstudente toegepas. 'n Faktorontleding op 80 items het twee faktore tot gevolg gehad/ naamlik Individualiteit en Kollektiwiteit. Die twee skale is vervolgens aan 'n itemontleding onderwerp en betroubaarhede van 0,86 en 0,910 is onderskeidelik opgelewer. 'n Sekondere doelwit van die studie was om te bepaal of daar 'n verband tussen individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer bestaan. Die twee sub-skale van die Individualiteitkollektiwiteitskaal is met die drie sub-skale van die Lokus van Beheer-vraelys gekorreleer. Statisties beduidende positiewe korrelasies bestaan tussen individualiteit, interne lokus van beheer en outonomie. Die implikasies van die bevindinge vir die bestuur van diversiteit word bespreek.

scholarly journals Pinching at Fingertips for Humanoid Robot Hand

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Hoshino ◽  
◽  
Ichiro Kawabuchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Robot Hand ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Weak Force ◽  
Robot Hands ◽  
Finger Motion

Delicate actions such as picking up paper or a needle with the fingertips – an important function for robot hands – are extremely difficult. We propose a lightweight robot hand based on extracting minimum required motor functions and implementing them in a robot. We also propose a robot hand that realizes appropriate pinching by adding the minimum required degree of supplementary freedom realizable only mechanically. In the robot hand, we focus mainly on adding degrees of freedom for independent finger motion to the terminal joints and a degree of freedom for twisting by the thumb. The results showed that providing the fingertip with a joint with broad force control even with weak force effectively ensures delicate fingertip control in a humanoid robot hand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document