scholarly journals Overcoming the ceiling effects of experts’ motor expertise through active haptic training

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
pp. eabd2558
Author(s):  
M. Hirano ◽  
M. Sakurada ◽  
S. Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Error Feedback ◽  
Motor Expertise ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Somatosensory Function

One of the most challenging issues among experts is how to improve motor skills that have already been highly trained. Recent studies have proposed importance of both genetic predisposition and accumulated amount of practice for standing at the top of fields of sports and performing arts. In contrast to the two factors, what is unexplored is how one practices impacts on experts’ expertise. Here, we show that training of active somatosensory function (active haptic training) enhances precise force control in the keystrokes and somatosensory functions specifically of expert pianists, but not of untrained individuals. By contrast, training that merely repeats the task with provision of error feedback, which is a typical training method, failed to improve the force control in the experts, but not in the untrained. These findings provide evidence that the limit of highly trained motor skills could be overcome by optimizing training methods.

scholarly journals Innovating Occupational Safety Training: A Scoping Review on Digital Games and Possible Applications in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Lucia Vigoroso ◽  
Federica Caffaro ◽  
Margherita Micheletti Cremasco ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Safety Knowledge

Digital games have been successfully applied in different working sectors as an occupational safety training method, but with a very limited application in agriculture. In agriculture and other productive sectors, unintentional injuries tend to occur with similar dynamics. A literature review was carried out to understand how occupational risks are addressed during game-based safety training in different productive sectors and how this can be transferred to agriculture. Literature about “serious game” and “gamification” as safety training methods was searched in WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, PUBMED and PsycINFO databases. In the forty-two publications retained, the computer was identified as the most adopted game support, whereas “points”, “levels”, “challenges” and “discovery” were the preferred game mechanics. Moreover, an association can be detected between the game mechanics and the elements developed in the game. Finally, during the game assessment, much positive feedback was collected and the games proved to be able to increase the operators’ skills and safety knowledge. In light of the results, insights are provided to develop an effective, satisfying and engaging safety game training for workers employed in agriculture. Games can be best used to learn and they are certain to improve over the next few years.

scholarly journals Development of training method for vessel traffic service based on cognitive process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbing Song ◽  
Hiroko Itoh ◽  
Yasumi Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
International Association ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Maritime Traffic

AbstractVessel traffic service (VTS) is important to protect the safety of maritime traffic. Along with the expansion of monitoring area per VTS operator in Tokyo Bay, Japan, inexperienced operators must acquire the ability to quickly and accurately detect conditions that requires attention (CRAs) from a monitoring screen. In our previous study (Song B, Itoh H, Kawamura Y, Fukuto J (2018) Analysis of Cognitive Processes of Operators of Vessel Traffic Service. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Association of Institutes of Navigation. IAIN 2018, pp 529–534, Song et al., J Jpn Inst Navig 140:48–54, 2019), we established a task analysis method based on the assumption that the cognitive process model consists of three stages: “situational awareness”, “situation judgment”, and “decision making”. A simulation experiment was conducted for VTS operators with different levels of ability and their cognitive processes were compared based on the observation of eye movements. The results showed that the inexperienced operators’ abilities to predict situation changes were lower. And it was considered that oral transmission of the knowledge is difficult, thus new training methods are needed to help the inexperienced operators to understand the prediction methods of experienced operators. In this study, based on the cognitive process of an experienced operator, we analyzed the prediction procedures of situation changes and developed an educational tool called vessel traffic routine (VTR). The training method learning VTR aims to quickly improve inexperienced VTS operators’ abilities to predict situation changes. A simulation verification experiment of the VTR effect was conducted for four inexperienced operators, who were divided into two groups with and without prior explanation of VTR. By evaluating the cognitive processes of inexperienced operators, it was confirmed that those given prior explanations of VTR were better at detecting CRAs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Competency Based Training (CBT) and Competency Certificate Type on The Ability of Graduates of The Work Training Center (BLK) of Wonogiri District at PT Top N Top

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Agung Susila Susila ◽  
Budi Santosa ◽  
Muhammad Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Work Ability ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Work Training ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Methods Instructors ◽  
Positive Effect

The results showed that: (1) Based on the test, the results of the research proved that the Training Method (X1) proved to have a positive effect on the Work Ability of Training Graduates at UPTD BLK Wonogiri (Y); (2) Based on the test, it turns out that the results of the study prove that the Instructor / Trainer (X2) has no positive effect on the Work Ability of Training Graduates at UPTD BLK Wonogiri (Y); (3) Based on the test, it turns out that the research results prove that the Instructor / Trainer (X3) has a positive effect on the Work Ability of Training Graduates at UPTD BLK Wonogiri; (4) Based on the test, it turns out that the research results prove that the Method of Facilities and Infrastructure (X4) has a positive effect on the Work Ability of Training Graduates at UPTD BLK Wonogiri (Y); (5) Based on the test, it turns out that the research results prove that the certificate (X5) is proven to have a positive effect on the Work Ability of Training Graduates at UPTD BLK Wonogiri (Y); (6) Based on testing simultaneously (Test F), it turns out that the results of the research prove that all variables of Training Methods, Instructors / Trainers, Training Materials and Facilities and Infrastructure as well as certificates together or simultaneously prove to have a positive effect on the factor formation of the variables. Apparel Garment Program Training at UPTD BLK Wonogiri.

INFLUENCE OF A 6-WEEK MIXED BALLISTIC-PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON THE LEVEL OF SELECTED STRENGTH AND SPEED INDICES OF THE LOWER LIMBS IN YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Marcin Krawczyk ◽  
Mariusz Pociecha
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

The development of muscle power should be taken into account in soccer training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a 6-week of mixed power training on the level of the motor skills of the lower limbs of young soccer players. The training was conducted during the starting period. The study included twelve 16-18-year-old players who regularly participated in specific soccer trainings and played in regional competitions. Their basic anthropometric features were measured. The assessment of the power of the lower limbs was carried out using two jump tests: CMJ and SJ. The maximum anaerobic power was calculated and was expressed in relation to body weight and lean body mass. In addition, Drop Jump tests were performed from three different heights on the basis of which RSI reactive strength index were calculated. On completion of the training program an increase in the level of the results of all the tests was observed: SJ (cm) (cohen's d: 0.43), CMJ (cm) (cohen's d: 0.33), SJPmax (W/kg) (cohen's d: 0.43), CMJPmax (W/kg) (cohen's d: 0.30), SJPmax (W/LBMkg) (cohen's d): 0,57), CMJPmax (W/LBMkg) (cohen's d: 0,44), RSI 0,2 (cohen's d: 0,59), RSI 0,3 (cohen's d: 0,45), RSI 0,4 (cohen's d: 0,58). An additional six-week ballistic-plyometric training program, used as a supplement to the basic training plan during the start period, resulted in an increase in the motor skills of the lower limbs of young soccer players. The application of combined ballistic and plyometric training methods helps to improve the strength and speed potential of young soccer players. 

Interactions: Timing and Force Control of Finger-Tapping Sequences

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1395-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Inui ◽  
Takuya Ichihara ◽  
Takahisa Minami ◽  
Atsunori Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Weak Force ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study examined effects of combinations of intertap interval and muscle force on interactions between two factors in sequences of equally paced finger taps. 12 male college students tapped a force plate connected to strain gauges. Subjects firstly tapped the plate at a preferred pace and force for 12 sec. Next, subjects tapped the plate by half or double the preferred pace. A series of finger-tapping tasks then consisted of nine combinations of pace and force. Analysis showed that, although variations in intertap interval were considerably accurately controlled across conditions, those in peak forces were not. Movement timing of tapping sequences hence appeared to be independent of force control. For six of 12 subjects, on the other hand, positive correlations between spontaneous variations in intertap interval and in forces were noted. Then, although motor timing was independent of force control in conditions of low pace and weak force, there were strong interactions between the two factors under high pace conditions.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING METHOD AND MUSCLE CONSTRUCTION TOWARDS TAEKWONDO KICK CAPABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Jonas Solissa
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to determine the effect of circuit training methods and interval training methods on the ability of the Taekwondo Round-House kick. The study was carried out at Unpatti Taekwondo athletes in Ambon 2019, using an experimental method with 2 x 2 factorial design. Data were analyzed using Variant Analysis (ANOVA).The results showed, that: (1) Overall there was a difference in the ability of Taekwondo Round-House kick between the circuit training method and the interval training method, (2) For taekwondoin who had high muscle flexibility, the interval training method was better than the circuit training method for Taekwondo Round-House Kick ability, (3) For taekwondoin which has low muscle flexibility, there is no significant difference between the circuit training method and the interval training method for Taekwondo Round-House kick capability. (4) There is an interaction between the training methods with the flexibility of the Taekwondo dolyo kick ability

scholarly journals Pengaruh metode latihan dan koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap hasil keterampilan servis atas bola voli

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Yohana Bela Christian Sari ◽  
Guntur Guntur
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Practice Method ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode massed practice dan metode manipulasi jarak servis terhadap hasil keterampilan servis atas (top spin) bola voli (2) perbedaan hasil servis atas (top spin) bola voli yang memiliki koordinasi mata-tangan tinggi dan koordinasi mata-tangan rendah terhadap hasil keterampilan servis atas (top spin) bola voli, dan (3) interaksi antara metode latihan dan koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap hasil keterampilan servis atas (top spin) bola voli. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2 x 2.  Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak latih ekstrakurikuler SMP di Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta, yang berjumlah 42 orang. Sampel penelitian ini 22 diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes koordinasi mata-tangan dan servis atas bola voli dengan menggunakan tes russlle-lange volleyball serve test. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Anava. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara latihan servis atas dengan menggunakan metode latihan massed practice dan metode latihan manipulasi jarak  terhadap hasil servis atas (top spin) bola voli, (2) ada perbedaan yang signifikan hasil servis atas (top spin) bola voli antara anak latih yang memiliki koordinasi mata-tangan tinggi dan koordinasi mata-tangan rendah, dan (3) ada interaksi antara metode  latihan servis atas dan koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap hasil servis atas bola voli.Kata kunci: massed practice dan manipulasi jarak, koordinasi mata-tangan, hasil servis atas (top spin) bola voli. The Effects of Training Method and Eye-Hand Coordination on the Results of Volleyball Serving Skill AbstractThis study aims to investigate: (1) the difference of the effects of massed practice method and serving distance manipulation method on the results of volleyball topspin serving skill, (2) the difference of the effects of the volleyball topspin serving with high eye-hand coordination and low eye-hand coordination on the results of volleyball topspin serving skill, and (3) the interaction between the training method and eye-hand coordination on the results of volleyball topspin serving skill. The study employed experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research population comprised students joining the extracurricular of volleyball at SMP Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, with a total of 42 students. The sample consisted of 22 students, selected by means of purposive sampling technique. All data obtained through this study to test and measure eye-hand coordination tests and results of volleyball topspin serving were measured by Russell-Lange volleyball serving test. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the study are as follows. (1) There is a significant difference of the effects of topspin serving training through the massed practice training method and the distance manipulation training method on the results of volleyball topspin serving. (2) There is a significant difference in the results of volleyball topspin serving between the students with high eye-hand coordination and those with low eye-hand coordination. (3) There is an interaction between the serving training methods and eye-hand coordination on the results of volleyball topspin serving.Keywords: massed practice and serving distance manipulation methods, eye-hand coordination, results of volleyball topspin serving 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Metode Latihan Plyometric dan Latihan Beban dengan Kecepatan Reaksi terhadap Power Otot Tungkai Pemain Bolavoli Putra

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Reaction Speed

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of plyometric training and weight training with reaction speed toward limb muscle of male volleyball players. The method of the study was treatment design level 2 x 2 , where the independent variable was classified in two parts. The findings were: (1) overall, there is different significant effect of plyometric training and weight training toward limb muscle power of volleyball players (Fh = 0.58 <Ft = 4.00), (2) there is interaction between training methods and reaction speed toward limb muscle power of male volleyball players  of SMA IQRO IT Bengkulu city (Fh = 28.39> Ft = 3.97), (3) volleyball players who have high speed reaction have better limb muscle power if using training method rather than training with the Plyometric training method (Fh = 5.35> Ft = 4.01). (4) Volleyball players who have low reaction speed have better limb muscle  power if trained by weight training method (fh = 5.12> ft = 4.01). In Conclusion, volleyball players who have high reaction speed are more efficient trained by weight training, meanwhile volleyball players who have low reaction speed are more efficient trained by plyometric training Keyword: Plyometric Exercise Method, Reaction Speed, Power of Leg Muscles.

scholarly journals 600 Maintaining Yields In Hedgerow Almond Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 500C-500
Author(s):  
J.P. Edstrom ◽  
J. Connell ◽  
W. Krueger ◽  
W. Reil ◽  
J. Hasey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Considerable Loss

Four tree training methods have been evaluated since 1979 in California for their affect on yield of “Nonpareil” ctv. almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] in a tightly spaced “Nonpareil”/”Price” ctvs 1:1 hedgerow planting. Four variations of open center training began at the first dormant pruning in a 2.2 × 6.7-m spacing (667 trees/ha): 1) Temporary Hedge—trees trained to three primary scaffolds, standard pruned with alternate trees gradually whisked back to allow space for permanent trees and then removed at 8th year leaving 4.4 × 6.7-m spacing(333 trees/ha); 2) Permanent Hedge—trees trained to three scaffolds, standard pruned at 2.2-m spacing; 3) Two-Scaffold Hedge—Trees trained into “perpendicular V” two scaffold configuration, standard pruned at 2.2-m spacing; 4) Unpruned Hedge—Trained to three scaffolds then left essentially unpruned at 2.2-m spacing. Replicated yield data accumulated over 15 years shows no difference in production between the three permanent 2.2-m hedgerow methods. Yield for the Temporary Hedge, however, declined 30% the year following alternate tree removal. Adequate canopy expansion resulted in some regained nut production, but yields never recovered and remain 20% below the permanent hedge treatments 13 years post-removal. Observations indicate considerable loss of fruitwood has occurred in the lower canopy of all three 2.2-m hedge treatments, especially in the Unpruned but good commercial production has been maintained at 2400 to 3000 kg/ha The size of almond kernels was not affected by training method. Trunk circumference was affected by treatment. Trees in Temporary Hedge plots grew sustantially larger after alternate tree removal than trees in all 2.2-m hedge treatments that were equal in size.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN FARTLEK DAN INTERVAL TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN (ENDURANCE)

PHEDHERAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Taufik Nanda Aditiya ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo ◽  
Ahmad Septiandika Adirahma
Keyword(s):  
Interval Training ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) To test whether there is influence of the application of fartlek and interval training methods to endurance in extracurricular students futsal SHS 3 Sukoharjo 2016/2017, (2) More effective and efficient between fartlek and interval training on Endurance in extracurricular students of SHS 3 Sukoharjo year 2016/2017. The type of research used is quantitative experimental research. Subjects used in this study are extracurricular students futsal SHS 3 Sukoharjo 2016/2017. The number of learners is 30 students. The entire subject is used as the research sample. The data collected in this research is Endurance data about VO2 Max capacity. The tests and measurements used to collect data are by performing the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) test. The data analysis technique used in this research is the difference test (t-test) by passing the first requirement test such as normality test and homogeneity test. The result of the study was: (1) There was a significant comparison of the effects of fartlex training method and interval training on energency participants in futsal extracurricular leaners of SHS 3 SUKOHARJO year 2016/2017, (t count = 2,6651 &gt; 1,7613); (2) Interval training methods better than fartlek training method for energency participants in futsal extracurricular leaners of SHS 3 SUKOHARJO year 2016/2017. Based on the precentage increase of physical endurance showed that group 2 (who received treatment with interval training method was 5,64% &gt; group 1 (who received treatment fartlek training method) was 2,62%. The conclude of the result as: (1) There was a comparison of the effects of fartlex training method and interval training on energency participants in futsal extracurricular leaners of SHS 3 SUKOHARJO year 2016/2017; (2) Interval training method better than fartlek training method on the physical endurance of extracurricular learners SHS 3 SUKOHARJO year 2016/2017.

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