An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean T. Lyons ◽  
Linda Duxbury ◽  
Christopher Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Schwartz Value Survey ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Undergraduate Business Students ◽  
Generation Xers

This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.

Narcissism and Political Left-Right Orientation in view of Basic Human Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ülkü Selçuk ◽  
Nil Demet Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Self Transcendence

<p>The study explores the relation of narcissism to political orientation and their association with basic human values, using an undergraduate sample from Turkey. Leftwing orientation is weakly and negatively correlated with narcissism, and specifically with its self-sufficiency dimension. Leftwing is correlated positively with universalism and negatively with tradition. Narcissism is positively correlated with the self-enhancement and openness to change dimensions and negatively correlated with the self-transcendence and conservatism dimensions of the basic values. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the value tradition is a stronger predictor of political orientation than narcissism. In multinomial logistic regression, for narcissism, statistical significance appears for only extreme right compared to moderate left political positions. We did not find power-hunger to be related to political orientation. We did not find pro-sociality to be related to familial-religious customs. We did not find any sex difference for mean narcissism scores. However, females are more leftwing oriented than males and they report more eagerness to strive for justice for others. Striving for justice for others is negatively correlated with the value power; positively correlated with leftwing orientation and striving for justice for self; and uncorrelated with narcissism. Males have higher mean scores for the value tradition and females have higher mean scores for the value security.</p>

Narcissism and Political Left-Right Orientation in view of Basic Human Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ülkü Selçuk ◽  
Nil Demet Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Self Transcendence

<p>The study explores the relation of narcissism to political orientation and their association with basic human values, using an undergraduate sample from Turkey. Leftwing orientation is weakly and negatively correlated with narcissism, and specifically with its self-sufficiency dimension. Leftwing is correlated positively with universalism and negatively with tradition. Narcissism is positively correlated with the self-enhancement and openness to change dimensions and negatively correlated with the self-transcendence and conservatism dimensions of the basic values. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the value tradition is a stronger predictor of political orientation than narcissism. In multinomial logistic regression, for narcissism, statistical significance appears for only extreme right compared to moderate left political positions. We did not find power-hunger to be related to political orientation. We did not find pro-sociality to be related to familial-religious customs. We did not find any sex difference for mean narcissism scores. However, females are more leftwing oriented than males and they report more eagerness to strive for justice for others. Striving for justice for others is negatively correlated with the value power; positively correlated with leftwing orientation and striving for justice for self; and uncorrelated with narcissism. Males have higher mean scores for the value tradition and females have higher mean scores for the value security.</p>

Relationships Among Social Dominance Orientation, Social Axioms, and Values

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ersin Kuşdil ◽  
Selinay Çağlar Akoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Turkish University Students ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Value Model

We adopted 2 cross-culturally validated instruments, developed for the measurement of human values (Schwartz's value model) and generalized beliefs (Leung and Bond's social axioms model), to examine their relationships with the perceptions of legitimacy, permeability, and social dominance orientation (SDO) in a group of 383 Turkish university students. The results showed that the students' perceptions of legitimacy were positively related to their conservation values and the religiosity belief dimension, and negatively related to openness to change and self-transcendence values. We also found that the permeability scores were positively correlated with conservation values and religiosity beliefs, and negatively correlated with openness to change, self-enhancement values, and social cynicism beliefs. Regression analysis results revealed that generalized beliefs (social axioms) and SDO were more effective than values in predicting the legitimacy scores of participants who saw boundaries as legitimate and permeable. This pattern was reversed for participants who regarded the boundaries as illegitimate and impermeable.

The Importance of Behavior and Personal Values for Managers' Attitudes Towards Innovativeness

2017 ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Maciej Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Schwartz Value Survey ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of prevalent management behavior on management attitudes about creativeness and innovativeness, while also considering the impact of personal values, in three Central European economies, having different development paths, namely Slovenia, Austria, and Poland. Personal values are measured using Schwartz value survey, using openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence and self-enhancement value dimensions. Results reveal that manager's behavior significantly influences on manager's attitudes regarding innovativeness, in all three countries. The impact of personal values on shaping management behavior and manager's attitudes toward innovativeness is significant only in few instances in Austrian sample, while in Slovenia and Poland it is insignificant. Regarding the mediating effect of managers' personal values on the association between management behavior and their creativeness, our results reveal marginal role of personal values.

A shift towards self-transcendence: can service learning make a difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Irina Petrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Undergraduate Business Students ◽  
Test Control

Purpose This paper aims to answer a question whether a course that combines in-class teaching and the out-class elements of service learning can shift students’ values from self-enhancement to self-transcendence. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a pre-test-post-test control group research design. Two groups of the first year undergraduate business students who took the course served as the experimental groups (N = 79), and two groups of the second year students served as the control groups (N = 73). Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-40) was used to measure values, and a t-test was applied to compare value scores at the beginning and the end of the course. Findings A statistically significant value change toward self-transcendence was found in one of the two experimental groups, and no change was registered in the control groups. Analysis of the course activities and participation suggests that the change was brought about by the variations in the volunteering experiences. Originality/value This study contributes to the research that focuses on the outcomes of service learning. The research on how service learning affects values, especially pro-social ones, is currently limited. The present study suggests implications for further research and discussion on the possible ways to promote the values of self-transcendence through educational activities.

scholarly journals Human Values and Religion: Evidence from the European Social Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ana Carneiro ◽  
Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa ◽  
Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ◽  
Ângela Leite
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Transcendence

Values are guiding constructs of social action that connote some actions as desirable, undesirable, acceptable, and unacceptable, containing a normative moral/ethical component, and constituting a guide for actions, attitudes, and objectives for which the human being strives. The role of religion in the development of moral and ideal behaviors is a subject of concern and object of theoretical and empirical debate in various sciences. Analyzing sociodemographic and religious variables, the present work aimed to understand the contribution of religious variables to the explanation of Schwartz’s human values and to identify an explanatory model of second-order values, i.e., self-transcendence, conservation, self-promotion, and openness to change. This study was carried out with a representative sample of the Portuguese population, consisting of 1270 participants from the European Social Survey (ESS), Round 8. Benevolence (as human motivational value) and self-transcendence (as a second-order value) were found to be the most prevalent human values among respondents, with the female gender being the one with the greatest religious identity, the highest frequency of religious practices, and valuing self-transcendence and conservation the most. Older participants had a more frequent practice and a higher religious identity than younger ones, with age negatively correlating with conservation and positively with openness to change. It was concluded that age, religious identity, and an item of religious practice contribute to explain 13.9% of the conservation variance. It was also found that age and religious practice are the variables that significantly contribute to explain 12.2% of the variance of openness to change. Despite the associations between psychological variables (values) and religious ones, it can be concluded that religious variables contribute very moderately to explain human values. The results obtained in this study raised some important issues, namely, if these weakly related themes, i.e., religiosity and human values, are the expression of people belief without belonging.

Personal Values and Value Priorities of Undergraduate Business Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-175
Author(s):  
George Lan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
Business Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Business Majors ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Undergraduate Business Students

The Schwartz Values Survey (SVS), developed by Shalom Schwartz, was used to explore the values and value priorities of undergraduate business students in a mid-sized Canadian university. These business students considered family security as their top individual value and ranked successful, healthy, and enjoying life among their top ten individual values. On the other hand, detachment, accepting my portion in life and social power were least valued. They regarded Benevolence and Achievement as their top two value types (cluster of related values), and ranked the higher order meta-value Self-Transcendence first followed by Openness to Change. The accounting and finance majors considered Hedonism as their top priority while the other business majors valued Benevolence most highly; however, overall, there were more similarities than differences between these two groups. When compared with the males, females valued the meta-value Self-Transcendence significantly more and exhibited values and value systems that have more of a social focus and less of a personal focus. First-year and fourth-year business students ranked the meta-values in the same order; however, Self-Transcendence was rated as significantly more important to the students in their first year compared to those in their fourth year.

How Do Basic Human Values Affect Self-Care of Type 2 Diabetes Patients? A Multicentre Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Luciani ◽  
Paola Rebora ◽  
Emanuela Rossi ◽  
Luca Tonoli ◽  
Silvia Androni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Group D

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, human values have been identified as having a possible impact on self-care. Despite this, basic human values have never been described in the T2DM population and the association between basic human values and self-care has not been assessed. The aims of this study were to describe basic human values and self-care, and investigate the associations between basic human values and self-care in adults with T2DM. The study was cross-sectional multicentre with T2DM patients ( n = 390). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from charts, and two questionnaires were administered. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) measured basic human values and allowed us to group patients into four groups based on the value profile: (A) Openness to Change and Self-Transcendence, (B) Conservation and Self-Transcendence, (C) Conservation and Self-Enhancement, and (D) Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement. The Self-care of Diabetes Inventory measured self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care confidence, according to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations between the basic human values and self-care. Group D (Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement) performed significantly lower self-care maintenance ( p = .024) and self-care monitoring ( p = .031) when compared with Group A, and lower self-care monitoring ( p = .008) and self-care management ( p = .018) when compared with Group B. Group D showed significantly lower self-care monitoring ( p = .027) when compared with Group C. People with T2DM who value more self-enhancement and openness to change might be more prone to perform worse self-care compared with those who value conservation and self-transcendence. Clinicians should consider this when designing interventions aimed at improving self-care behaviors in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Human Values and Retirement Experiences: a Longitudinal Analysis of Norwegian Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Blekesaune ◽  
Thomas Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Value System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Personal Success

AbstractMotivational factors, such as one’s value system, may affect how people cope with the opportunities and challenges of retirement. This article explores the moderating roles of Schwartz’s four basic values (self-enhancement, self-transcendence, openness to change, and conservation) on the magnitude and duration of retirement effects on life satisfaction between two waves (2007 and 2017) of the Norwegian Life course, Ageing and Generation (NorLAG) study. Fixed-effect regression analyses are run separately for men and women to account for gender differences in the attachments and identities tied to work and non-work domains. Retirement is not a uniform experience, and findings show that retirement experiences are structured by gender and personal values. Holding values with a personal focus (self-enhancement and openness to change) is associated with less beneficial effects of retirement among men but not among women. Men holding these values may struggle to find new and stimulating avenues for experiencing personal success and variety after retirement. Holding values with a social focus (self-transcendence and conservation) is unrelated to retirement effects.

scholarly journals Exploring Associations between Attitudes towards Climate Change and Motivational Human Values

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Narcisa Maria Oliveira Carvalho Dias ◽  
Diogo Guedes Vidal ◽  
Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa ◽  
Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ◽  
Ângela Leite
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Self Transcendence

Climate change (CC) represents a global challenge for humanity. It is known that the impacts of anthropogenic actions are an unequivocal contribution to environmental issues aggravation. Human values are recognized as psychological constructs that guide people in their attitudes and actions in different areas of life, and the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors in the context of CC must be considered a priority. The present work aimed to understand the contribution of attitudes towards CC and selected sociodemographic variables to explain Schwartz’s motivational human values. The sample consists of 1270 Portuguese answering the European social survey (ESS) Round 8. Benevolence and self-transcendence are the most prevalent human values among respondents. The majority believe in CC and less than half in its entirely anthropogenic nature. It was found that the concern with CC and education contributes to explain 11.8% of the conservation variance; gender and concern about CC explain 10.1% of the variance of self-transcendence; and age, gender and concern about CC contribute to explain 13% of the variance of openness to change. This study underlines the main human values’ drivers of attitudes towards CC, central components in designing an effective societal response to CC impacts, which must be oriented towards what matters to individuals and communities, at the risk of being ineffective.

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