Cross-Cultural Comparison of Explanatory Models of Illness in Schizophrenic Patients in Jordan and Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Conrad ◽  
Franziska Geiser ◽  
Guntram Schilling ◽  
Mahmoud Sharif ◽  
Daniah Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Causal Belief ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Illness Concept ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Western European ◽  
Illness Concepts

This study investigated illness concepts of schizophrenic patients in an Arab-Islamic and a western European cultural background. 24 Jordanian and 23 German inpatients were interviewed using an illness concept scale and a causal belief questionnaire. Jordanian patients tend to believe more in esoteric factors underlying their illness, and they perceive the illness to be more threatening. There were no differences regarding biological explanations of illness and trust in medication; however, Jordanian patients reported more trust in the treating physician. Nearly all patients mentioned psychosocial stress as an important factor underlying their illness. Concerning treatment, only Jordanian patients believed religion to be an important factor and mentioned distance from the family as beneficial. The study highlights that culturally specific factors influence illness concepts of schizophrenic patients from an Arab-Islamic and a western European cultural background. Knowledge of these illness concepts is important to establish a helpful relationship between physician and patient.

Life Events and Schizophrenia in Nigerians

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
A. Adewunmi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Event Histories

Forty-two first-episode RDC schizophrenic patients were matched on sociodemographic variables with an equal number of control subjects. The life-event histories of both groups for 6 months before onset or interview were compared. Onset of illness was not preceded by an increase in life events. The only significant observation was that control subjects had experienced more events in the month previous to interview. These were reported mainly by male control subjects, involved the family, and were possibly related to the period when the control subjects were interviewed. The observations are discussed within the context of the Nigerian culture.

scholarly journals The Project TALENT Twin and Sibling Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Prescott ◽  
Deanna Lyter Achorn ◽  
Ashley Kaiser ◽  
Lindsey Mitchell ◽  
John J. McArdle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Occupational Outcomes ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact

Project TALENT is a US national longitudinal study of about 377,000 individuals born in 1942–1946, first assessed in 1960. Students in about 1,200 schools participated in a 2-day battery covering aptitudes, abilities, interests, and individual and family characteristics (Flanagan, 1962; www.projectTALENT.org). Follow-up assessments 1, 5, and 11 years later assessed educational and occupational outcomes. The sample includes approximately 92,000 siblings from 40,000 families, including 2,500 twin pairs and 1,200 other siblings of twins. Until recently, almost no behavior genetic research has been conducted with the sample. In the original data collection information was not collected with the intent to link family members. Recently, we developed algorithms using names, addresses, birthdates, and information about family structure to link siblings and identify twins. We are testing several methods to determine zygosity, including use of yearbook photographs. In this paper, we summarize the design and measures in Project TALENT, describe the Twin and Sibling sample, and present our twin-sib-classmate model. In most twin and family designs, the ‘shared environment’ includes factors specific to the family combined with between-family differences associated with macro-level variables such as socioeconomic status. The school-based sampling design used in Project TALENT provides a unique opportunity to partition the shared environment into variation shared by siblings, specific to twins, and associated with school- and community-level factors. The availability of many measured characteristics on the family, schools, and neighborhoods enhances the ability to study the impact of specific factors on behavioral variation.

scholarly journals Illness concepts among patients with benign and malignant mammary tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Lali M. Kogoniya ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Nelubina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Markarova ◽  
Ekaterina E. Tuntsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Regional Research ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Compliant Behavior ◽  
Illness Concept ◽  
Illness Concepts

The paper reports variants of subjective illness perception in patients with benign and malignant mammary tumors. The study included 100 patients followed-up in the Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Cinical Institute (MONIKI) (50 patients with stage II–III breast cancer and 50 patients with fibrocystic breast changes). The study provided data on subjective illness concept variants for patients of both groups which defined the illness behavior of patients, including the non-compliant behavior. The results obtained may be used for development of disease prevention programs (primary and secondary prevention).

A Trial of Family Therapy v. a Relatives Group for Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Leff ◽  
Ruth Berkowitz ◽  
Naomi Shavit ◽  
Angus Strachan ◽  
Ilana Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Schizophrenic patients living in high contact with relatives having high expressed emotion (EE) were recruited for a trial of social interventions. The patients were maintained on neuroleptic medication, while their families were randomly assigned to education plus family therapy or education plus a relatives group. Eleven out of 12 families accepted family therapy in the home, whereas only six out of 11 families were compliant with the relatives group. Non-compliance was associated with a poorer outcome for the patients in terms of the relapse rate. The relapse rate over nine months in the family therapy stream was 8%, while that in compliant families in the relatives group stream was 17%. Patients' social functioning showed small, non-significant, gains. The data from the current trial were compared with data from a previous trial. The lowering of the relapse rate in schizophrenia appears to be mediated by reductions in relatives' EE and/or face-to-face contact, and is not explained by better compliance with medication. Reduction in EE and/or contact was associated with a minuscule relapse rate (5%). Very little change occurred in families who were non-compliant with the relatives group. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the most cost-effective procedure is to establish relatives groups in conjunction with family education and one or more initial family therapy sessions in the home. It is particularly important to offer home visits to families who are unable to or refuse to attend the relatives groups.

Address pronouns in French

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 16.1-16.17
Author(s):  
Jane Warren
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Western European ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Domain

This article examines speakers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards address pronoun usage in Paris and Toulouse. The data on which this article is based come from a comparative project based at the University of Melbourne,Address in some western European languages, and were generated in focus groups in both Paris and Toulouse, as well as interviews in Paris. It is generally accepted that in France the informal pronominal address formtuis used within the family, with close friends and with youngsters, and that the formal address formvousis used by adults when addressing strangers. The findings presented here indicate that, outside these general tendencies, individual preferences and negotiation can inform the choice of address pronoun in different ways both within and outside the workplace, with individual variation more common outside the work domain.

scholarly journals Dysexecutive Syndrome in Schizophrenia: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Japanese and British Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ihara ◽  
G. E. Berrios ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽  
Different Cultures

This study tested the hypothesis that the dysexecutive syndrome of schizophrenia is impervious to cultural differences. 18 Japanese and 22 British patients and 14 Japanese and 19 British control subjects were compared on the BADS (Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome), a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery, designed for ‘ecological validity’, and other measures of frontal executive functions (EFs). Both cultural groups of schizophrenic patients showed equally severe impairment in most executive tests including the BADS (verbal fluency and intelligence were less impaired). Irrespective of cultural origin, similar neuropsychological deficits were found in patients with minimal intellectual deterioration. Our study suggests that socio-cultural background does not affect the dysexecutive profile of schizophrenia very much, and that neuropsychological assessment may possibly provide added clinical information relevant to the management and rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients across different cultures.

First occourence of the family Glaresidae in Italy, with description of the new species Glaresis gentile from Sardinia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaresidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
STEFANO ZIANI ◽  
MARCO ULIANA ◽  
ROBERTO RATTU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Western European ◽  
Species Taxonomy

Glaresis gentile sp. nov. is described from southwestern Sardinia, Italy, providing the first record of the family Glaresidae from Italy. The new species is compared with the other western European species and with some other taxa described from North Africa. It appears to be closest to the poorly known Iberian G. thiniensis Verdú & Galante, 2001, whose aedeagus morphology is precised. Finally, a key to the European species is provided. Key words: Scarabaeoidea, Glaresidae, Glaresis, new species, taxonomy, Sardinia, Spain, sand dunes

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