Looking forward in Records of Young Adults Convicted of Sexual Homicide, Rape, or Molestation as Youth: Risks for Reoffending

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Busch ◽  
William M. Grove ◽  
Jack Arbit ◽  
Robert John Zagar ◽  
John Russell Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Social Maturity ◽  
The One

To assess the risks predicting reoffense, 223 Rapists ( M age = 14.2 yr., SD = 1.5; 25 girls, 198 boys) were matched with 223 Nonviolent Delinquents; risks were analyzed using logistic regression. The one predictor was prior court contacts ( OR = 1.55e+12; AUC = .99, 95%CI = .98−.99). 223 Molesters were similarly matched with 223 Nonviolent Delinquents; this comparison yielded three predictors: previous court contacts ( OR = 4.55e+23), poorer executive function ( OR = 2.01), and lower social maturity ( OR = .97; AUC = .98, 95% CI = .97−.99). Records for all cases (now M age = 24.2 yr., SD = 1.4) were reviewed forward 10 years and youth were classified into groups: Sexual Homicidal (1%, n = 7), Delinquent Rapists Later Adult Rapists (11%, n = 73), Delinquent Rapists (21%, n = 144), Delinquent Molesters Later Adult Molesters (10%, n = 69), Delinquent Molesters (23%, n = 153), Nonviolent Delinquent Later Nonviolent Adult Criminals (7%, n = 45), and Nonviolent Delinquents (27%, n = 178). Comparison of Sexual Homicidal cases ( n = 7) with their matched Controls ( n = 7) yielded one predictor, poorer executive function ( AUC = .89, 95 % CI = .71−.93). When Sexual Homicidal cases were matched with Nonviolent Delinquents, predictors were low social maturity and prior court contacts ( AUC = .81, 95%CI= .64−.93).

Looking Forward and Backward in Records for Risks among Homicidal Youth

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert John Zagar ◽  
Kenneth G. Busch ◽  
William M. Grove ◽  
John Russell Hughes ◽  
Jack Arbit
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Social Maturity

To identify risks for commission of homicide, 26 convicted Homicidal Youth ( M age =14.9 yr., SD =1.4; n = 26; 1 girl, 25 boys) were matched with 26 Nonviolent Delinquents and 26 clinic-referred Controls. Youth were tracked backward 8 years ( M = 7.7 yr., SD =1.5) and forward 3 years ( M = 3.1 yr., SD =1.2) in records. Data analysis was Shao's bootstrapped logistic regression yielding area under the curve ( AUC) and odds ratios ( OR). Predictors of homicide were poorer executive function ( OR = 7.04e+40), violent family ( OR = 4.01e−16), and alcohol abuse ( OR = 7.33e−17; AUC=.97, 95% CI = .77−.99). From earlier studies, 101 Homicidal Youth and their Controls were reanalyzed similarly. Predictors were poorer executive function ( OR = 6.51), lower social maturity ( OR = 0.28), weapon possession ( OR = 26.10), and gang membership ( OR = 4.14; AUC= .98, 95% CI = .96−.99). Groups were combined, i.e., 26 and 101 Homicidal; 127 Homicidal Youth (7 girls, 120 boys) and their matched Controis were tracked in records. The predictor was poorer executive function ( OR= 3.34e−21; AUC = .98, 95% CI = .96−.97). When 127 Homicidal Youth were compared with 127 matched Nonviolent Delinquents, predictors were poorer executive function ( OR = 2.83e–02), weapon possession ( OR = 1.63e−10), lower social maturity ( OR= 1.15), and use of special education services ( OR = .94; AUC= .94, 95% CI= .37−.99).

Looking Forward in Records of Young Adults who were Convicted of Homicide or Assault as Youth: Risks for Reoffending

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert John Zagar ◽  
William M. Grove ◽  
Kenneth G. Busch ◽  
John Russell Hughes ◽  
Jack Arbit
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Violent Offenses

To assess risks of violent offending in young adults, 425 Delinquent Assaulters ( M age = 14.1 yr., SD= 1.7; 77 girls, 348 boys) were matched with 425 Nonviolent Delinquents. Analysis of data from court, school, and medical records used Shao's bootstrapped logistic regressions. Predictors of Assaulter status were poorer executive function ( OR = 0.97) and prior court contacts for violent offenses ( OR = 3.5e+ 23; AUC=.97; 95% CI = .82−.99). Looking in records backward 4 years ( M = 4.1, SD = 2.6) and forward 10 years to mean age 24.5 yr. ( SD = 2.1), adults were classified as Homicidal (8%, n = 69); Delinquent Assaulters Later Adult Assaulters (10%, n = 86); Delinquent Assaulters Later Noncriminals (32%, n = 270); Nonviolent Delinquents Later Nonviolent Criminals (10%, n = 87); and Nonviolent Delinquents Later Noncriminals (40%, n = 338). The Homicidal group ( n = 69) was compared to matched Control and Nonviolent Delinquent groups ( n = 69) using logistic regression. Predictors of Homicidal versus Control were poorer executive function and alcohol or substance abuse ( AUC=.97; 95%CI =.93−.99). Predictors of Homicidal versus Nonviolent Delinquents were unemployment, poorer executive function, and prior court contacts ( AUC=.98; 95%CI=.95−.99).

Development of the updating executive function: From 7-year-olds to young adults.

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Carriedo ◽  
Antonio Corral ◽  
Pedro R. Montoro ◽  
Laura Herrero ◽  
Mercedes Rucián
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function

scholarly journals Atomoxetine Effects on Executive Function as Measured by the BRIEF-A in Young Adults with ADHD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e104175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler ◽  
David B. Clemow ◽  
David W. Williams ◽  
Todd M. Durell
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

scholarly journals Better executive function under stress mitigates the effects of recent life stress exposure on health in young adults

Stress ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant S. Shields ◽  
Wesley G. Moons ◽  
George M. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure

scholarly journals Analysis on the participation of the main sovereign wealth funds in European listed companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
L. Gómez-Pavón Durán
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Home Country ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The One

The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of the investment made by the fifteen largest sovereign wealth funds on listed European companies. The analysis is divided into two sections: a descriptive one and a statistical one. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of mining data from Orbis database and running a binomial logistic regression. The main results show that, in the first place, the Norwegian fund is the one that invests in a larger amount of companies and European countries. Another significant result indicates that the United Kingdom is the country that receives the most investment. Finally, the results lead also to the conclusion that, concerning investing, sovereign wealth funds are influenced by a set of factors such as company size, profitability, and leverage, whereas the company’s home country and the economic sector it belongs are not determining factors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sound and Vibration on Postural Balance in Healthy Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 975-983
Author(s):  
Sunee BOVONSUNTHONCHAI ◽  
Pichaya HENGSOMBOON ◽  
Sitapa TANGLUANG ◽  
Pran ANUSRI ◽  
Pavitta CHOTIKUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
The One

Postural balance is influenced by alteration of somatosensory inputs. Sound and vibratory senses, one of several human senses may assist the postural control in a specific impaired situation. The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the effect of sound and vibration on postural balance in healthy young adults. Ten healthy young subjects volunteered to participate in the study. The average age, weight, height, and body mass index were 21.88 ± 0.42 years, 56.21 ± 9.80 kg, 159.75 ± 5.20 cm, and 21.99 ± 3.52 kg/m2. They were assessed for standing postural balance on a force plate over 6 conditions of sound and vibration applications under vision was excluded by using a blindfold. Postural balance variables consisted of planar deviation of Center of Pressure (CoP) and the maximum ranges of CoP in the medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) directions. Two-way ANOVA was used to find the effect and interaction effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables. Further analyses of the variables were performed on a basis of each factor. Between sound conditions (no sound and open sound), the variables were analyzed by the paired t-test. In addition, the effect of vibration (no vibration, vibration on quadriceps, and vibration on gastrocnemius) on the variables were analyzed by the one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results demonstrated no interaction effect and main effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables (p > 0.05). In addtion, no significant difference of the postural balance variables between sound conditions (p > 0.05) as well as among vibration conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sound and vibration did not effect to the postural balance during standing in healty young adults.

scholarly journals “Drop the Body”: Body Disposal Patterns in Sexual Homicide

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2093143
Author(s):  
April Miin Miin Chai ◽  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
Julien Chopin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Implications

The current study investigates body disposal patterns in sexual homicide and examines whether offender’s behavior differ between solved and unsolved cases. To address these two research questions in line with rational choice perspective, a series of logistic regression analyses was conducted on a sample of 250 solved, and 100 unsolved sexual homicide cases in Canada. Within solved cases, results show that if victim is a prostitute, body found concealed, and found lying face down, it is likely the body was moved. For unsolved cases, the role of victim as a prostitute, and body recovered outdoors suggest that the body was moved. Further, results indicate that post-crime phase factors predicted the most whether the victim’s body was moved in solved cases. Whereas within unsolved cases, crime-phase factors contributed the most at predicting whether the body was moved post-homicide. Theoretical and practical implications from this study are discussed.

Modeling Pedestrian and Motorist Interaction at Semi-Controlled Crosswalks: The Effects of a Change from One-Way to Two-Way Street Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Fricker ◽  
Yunchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
And Control

A large number of crosswalks are indicated by pavement markings and signs, but are not signal-controlled. In this paper, such a location is called “semi-controlled.” At locations where such a crosswalk has moderate amounts of pedestrian and vehicle traffic, pedestrians and motorists often engage in a non-verbal “negotiation” to determine who should proceed first. This paper describes the detailed analysis of video recordings of more than 3,400 pedestrian–motorist interactions at semi-controlled crosswalks. The study also took advantage of a conversion from one-way operation in spring 2017 to two-way operation in spring 2018 on the street chosen for data collection and analysis. This permitted before and after studies at the same location. The pedestrian models used mixed effects logistic regression and binary logistic regression to identify factors that influence the likelihood of a pedestrian crossing under specified conditions. The complementary motorist models used generalized ordered logistic regression to identify factors that impact a driver’s likelihood of decelerating, which was found to be a more useful factor than likelihood of yielding to pedestrian. The data showed that 56.5% of drivers slowed down or stopped for pedestrians on the one-way street. This value rose to 63.9% on the same street after it had been converted to two-way operation. Moreover, two-way operation eliminated the effects of the presence of other vehicles on driver behavior. Relationships were found that can lead to policies and control strategies designed to improve the operation of such a crosswalk.

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