Emotional Behavior and Adrenal Function in the Rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Pare ◽  
Joseph W. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Daily Trial ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of open-field behaviors (latency, ambulation, rearing, and defecation) and adrenal weight and adrenal ascorbic acid (AAA) was investigated. 38 male Sprague-Dawley rats received one daily trial in the open field for 4 days. Measures of adrenal weight and AAA were subsequently obtained. Correlations between variables indicated no meaningful relationship between emotional defecation and adrenal responses. Rearing correlated significantly with AAA. Latency was significantly related with adrenal weight. These results are consistent with recent studies investigating performance of emotional Ss on escape-avoidance conditioning and CER behavior.

Defect in the Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Water Associated With Potassium Depletion in Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Hollander ◽  
Robert W. Winters ◽  
T. Franklin Williams ◽  
John Bradley ◽  
Jean Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Depletion

The effect of graded degrees of K depletion on the ability to produce a concentrated urine was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. With increasing degrees of K depletion, as measured by the concentration of K in fat-free skeletal muscle, there was a progrossive decrease in the maximum urinary concentration. This defect of the renal concentrating mechanism appeared to be better correlated with the degree than with the duration of potassium depletion and could be demonstrated either by the use of exogenous vasopressin or by water deprivation. The potassium-deficient rats in at least one experiment developed a significant polydipsia. The data do not allow any conclusions with respect to the relationship of the polydipsia to the renal concentrating defect except that the latter at least was not severe at the onset of the increased water intake.

Relationship of Various Behaviors in the Open-Field Test of Emotionality

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Pare
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Relationship Of

Using Hall's open-field test of emotionality, measures of latency, ambulation, rearing, defecation, urination, and squealing were obtained from 126 male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 daily sessions. Defecation correlated significantly only with urination. The hypothesis that defecation and ambulation are inversely related was not confirmed. Emotionality, in the rat, is best defined by amount of defecation in the open field.

Time course of airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling induced by hyperoxia in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. L227-L233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Szarek ◽  
H. L. Ramsay ◽  
A. Andringa ◽  
M. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to answer two questions concerning hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness: 1) What is the time course of the development of airway hyperresponsiveness? 2) What is the relationship between the increase in responsiveness and smooth muscle area? Segments of intrapulmonary bronchi were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been exposed to 80-85% O2 for a period of 1, 3, 5, or 7 days and from aged-matched control animals that breathed room air. Hyperoxia increased the sensitivity (log concentration or frequency that elicited a half-maximal response) and reactivity (maximum tension developed) of the airways to electrical field stimulation (EFS) after 3, 5, and 7 days; sensitivity to acetylcholine was not affected, but reactivity was increased after 7 days. Hyperoxia increased smooth muscle area beginning 5 days after commencing the exposure. After normalizing tension responses to smooth muscle area, reactivity of the airways to the stimuli was not different between the two groups, but sensitivity to EFS was still increased. The increase in reactivity observed after 5 and 7 days of exposure can be explained by an increase in smooth muscle area that occurred at these time points. The fact that the sensitivity of the airways to EFS remained increased after normalization, together with the fact that the increase in airway responsiveness after 3 days of exposure occurred at a time when smooth muscle area was not different from control, suggests that mechanisms other than increased smooth muscle area contribute to the development of hyperoxia-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN SIKAP DAN KARAKTERISTIK IBU TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS DENGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN IVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Yunita Syahputri Damanik ◽  
Efrata Efrata
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that grows the area of ​​the cervix (cervical) and is a disease caused by HPV or Human Papilloma Virus. One of the measures for early detection of cervical cancer is by screening IVA (Visual Inspection Acetic Acid). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge, attitude and characteristic mother of cervical cancer by doing IVA participation. The design of this study is to use a Cross Sectional. The number of samples in this study were as many as 95 people, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. From the analysis it was found that there are six variables that have a relationship (<0.05), including p-value education by 0:01, the frequency is married with a p-value of 0:00, sexual activity with a p-value of 0:01, with a p-value knowledge 0:00 and the p-value 0:00 while variable that does not have a relationship (> 0.05) among age with p-value 0:21, work with a p-value 0.79, the frequency of pregnancy with a p-value 0:39 and smoking with a p-value of 0:07. From the results of multivariate analysis showed that sexual activity had a meaningful relationship with the participation of IVA examination with p-value OR 3081 0:04 and value. Expected to health professionals to provide information about the dangers of cervical cancer and the importance of conducting the examination IVA.

scholarly journals The Pharmacodynamic-Toxicodynamic Relationship of AUC and CMAX in Vancomycin Induced Kidney Injury in an Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. AAC.01945-20
Author(s):  
Sean N. Avedissian ◽  
Gwendolyn Pais ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
J. Nicholas O’Donnell ◽  
Thomas P. Lodise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
P Values ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Relationship Of

Vancomycin induces exposure-related acute kidney injury. However, the pharmacokinetic-toxicodynamic (PK-TD) relationship remains unclear. Sprague-Dawley rats received IV vancomycin doses of 300mg/kg/day and 400mg/kg/day, divided once, twice, thrice or 4xdaily (i.e., QD, BID, TID or QID) over 24-hours. Up to 8-samples were drawn during the 24-hour dosing period. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected and assayed for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Vancomycin was quantified via LC-MS/MS. Following terminal sampling, nephrectomy and histopathologic analyses were conducted. PK analyses were conducted using Pmetrics. PK exposures (i.e. AUC0-24h, CMAX0-24h,) were calculated for each rat, and PK-TD relationships were discerned. A total of 53-rats generated PK-TD data. A 2-compartment model fit the data well (Bayesian observed vs. predicted concentrations, R2=0.96). KIM-1 values were greater in QD and BID groups (P-values: QD vs TID:<0.002, QD vs QID:<0.004, BID vs TID:<0.002, and BID vs QID:<0.004). Exposure–response relationships were observed between KIM-1 vs CMAX0-24h and AUC0–24h (R2 =  0.7 and 0.68). Corrected Akaike’s information criterion showed CMAX0-24h as most predictive PK-TD driver for vancomycin-induced kidney injury (VIKI) (-5.28 versus -1.95).While PK-TD indices are often inter-correlated, maximal concentrations and fewer doses (for the same total daily amount) resulted in increased VIKI in our rat model.

scholarly journals Action in vivo and in vitro of 2-tetradecylglycidic acid, 2-tetradecylglycidyl-CoA and 2-tetradecylglycidylcarnitine on hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase

1986 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Brady ◽  
L J Brady
Keyword(s):  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Relationship Of

The effects of 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA), TDGA-CoA and TDGA-carnitine were examined in purified hepatic CPT (carnitine palmitoyltransferase) and in hepatic mitochondria and inverted submitochondrial vesicles derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. Since TDGA has been reported as a specific inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A (CPT-A), the focus was on kinetics and inhibition of CPT-A, and the relationship of this key enzyme to beta-oxidation. After administration of TDGA in vivo to overnight-starved rats, the Vmax. of CPT in intact mitochondria and in inverted vesicles (CPT-B) was depressed by 66%. The S0.5 for palmitoyl-CoA and Km for carnitine were unchanged. The I50 (concn. giving 50% inhibition) for malonyl-CoA was significantly increased from 20 to 141 microM in intact mitochondria, but unchanged (199 versus 268 microM) in inverted vesicles. The addition in vitro of TDGA-CoA (0-1.0 microM) gave I50 values of 0.29 and 0.27 microM (S.E.M. = 0.19) in intact mitochondria from fed and 48 h-starved rats, and 0.81 and 1.57 microM (S.E.M. = 0.29) for inverted vesicles derived from fed and starved rats. Addition in vitro of TDGA-carnitine to mitochondria from starved rats yielded an I50 value of 27.7 mM (S.E.M. = 12.2) for L-[methyl-14C]carnitine release from palmitoyl-L-[methyl-14C]carnitine and 0.64 mM (S.E.M. = 0.07) for palmitoyl-L-[methyl-14C]carnitine formation from L-[methyl-14C]carnitine in intact mitochondria. Inverted vesicles were not measurably sensitive to TDGA-carnitine up to 500 microM for the assay of L-[methyl-14C]carnitine release, but were as sensitive as intact mitochondria when inhibition was determined in the direction of palmitoyl-L-[methyl-14C]carnitine formation (I50 = 0.54 +/- 0.07 microM). When TDGA-CoA was added to intact mitochondria, then incubated for 5 min at room temperature and subsequently washed out, Vmax. of CPT decreased from 5.8 to 3.5 (S.E.M. = 0.6) in intact mitochondria, and from 17.2 to 6.3 (S.E.M. = 4.8) in inverted vesicles. The Km for L-carnitine and the S0.5 for palmitoyl-CoA increased 2-fold with TDGA-CoA pretreatment in both intact mitochondria and inverted vesicles. Detergent solubilization (0.05% Triton X-100) resulted in a complete loss of TDGA-CoA sensitivity (up to 1.0 microM measured). Sonicated mitochondria exhibited an I50 of 0.72 +/- 0.03 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

RELATIONSHIP OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION TO BODY TEMPERATURE IN THE RESTRAINED RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 654-657
Author(s):  
Roscoe G. Bartlett Jr. ◽  
Vernon C. Bohr ◽  
William I. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Relationship Of

Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: 10 control and 10 restrained animals at room temperature [Formula: see text] and 10 control and 10 restrained animals at [Formula: see text]. Continuous recordings were made on oxygen consumption and body temperature. It was learned that the restrained animals had an initially higher oxygen consumption than the control animals. This gradient was maintained throughout a three-hour exposure in the case of the animals maintained at room temperature but in the case of the animals maintained in the cold it was reversed early in the tests, i.e., the oxygen consumption of the restrained animals fell below that of the control animals. The fall in oxygen consumption was accompanied by a fall in body temperature. From the data it was not possible to state which was the cause and which was the effect. It was suggested that both decreased oxygen consumption and temperature drop may be the effect of another cause, emotionality or emotional stress.

Hindbrain GRP receptor blockade antagonizes feeding suppression by peripherally administered GRP

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R180-R184 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Ladenheim ◽  
J. E. Taylor ◽  
D. H. Coy ◽  
K. A. Moore ◽  
T. H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Grp Receptors ◽  
The Relationship

Bombesin (BN)-like peptides injected peripherally or centrally suppress food intake in rats. The relationship between the central and peripheral actions of BN is unknown. However, experimental evidence supports a critical role for the caudal hindbrain in mediating the feeding effects of BN. To investigate this relationship further, we examined the ability of fourth ventricular infusion of a specific gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonist, [D-F5, Phe6, D-Ala11]BN-(6-13) methyl ester (BN-ME), to block suppression of glucose intake (0.5 kcal/ml) produced by intraperitoneal administration of GRP-(18-27) in 5-h food-deprived male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10). We found that fourth ventricular administration of 10, 32, and 100 ng BN-ME blocked the suppression of glucose intake produced by peripherally administered 10 nmol/kg GRP-(18-27). The most effective dose of BN-ME (100 ng) blocked the ability of peripheral injection of GRP-(18-27) to inhibit glucose intake but had no effect on intake when given alone. These results demonstrate that the availability of caudal hindbrain GRP receptors is necessary for peripherally administered GRP-(18-27) to reduce food intake in rats.

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