Effect of Counselors' Self-References on Subjects' First Impressions in an Experimental Psychological Interview

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth G. Loeb ◽  
John M. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference

The present study examined the relationship between counselors' self-disclosure and clients' impressions of the counselors' empathy, competence and trustworthiness. 87 subjects were randomly selected and assigned to one of three disclosure conditions, personal self-reference, indirect self-reference, and no self-reference. Subjects read written dialogues then rated the counselors on these qualities using three standardized relationship inventories. An unambiguous preference for the counselor who made indirect references to his experiences and feelings was noted. The counselor using personal statements received the lowest ratings, and the one using only reflective, non-revealing statements was given moderate evaluations. One of the implications for therapeutic practice is that the use of self-disclosure early in treatment may be counterproductive inasmuch as it may undermine the perceptions necessary for the development of a strong therapeutic alliance.

The linguistic marking of agentivity and control in child language

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Budwig
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Reference Form ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the relationship between linguistic forms and the functions they serve in children's early talk about agentivity and control. The spontaneous linguistic productions of six children ranging between 1;8 and 2;8 served as the data base. Preliminary analyses of who the children referred to and what forms were used in subject position suggest that the children could be divided into two groups. Three children primarily referred to Self and relied on multiple Self reference forms in subject position, while the other children referred to both Self and Other and primarily used the Self reference form, I. A functional analysis was carried out to examine whether the seemingly interchangeable use of Self reference forms could be related to semantic and pragmatic patterns. The findings indicate that at a time before they regularly refer to others, the children systematically employed different Self reference forms to mark distinct perspectives on agency.

A return to Bowlby: assessment, boundaries, and inner working models

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
Ian Rory Owen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Working Models ◽  
John Bowlby ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Client Side ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attachment Process

This article provides an overview of some fundamental aspects of practice within an attachment-oriented view of therapy. The article presents a scholarly approach to understanding the mainstream contribution of the Bowlby–Ainsworth model of attachment as exemplified in the empirical literature (Ainsworth et al., 1978; Owen, 2017). The article starts with a brief conclusion on what John Bowlby argued should be the core aspects of therapy. It connects these ideas to the work of Robert Langs, arguably the one person most responsible for the idea of boundaries and guidelines in contemporary practice since the 1990s. For attachment-oriented practice, the psychodynamics of supplying and receiving care is a central dynamic in therapy. In the case of individual work, there are the countertransference and counter-resistance problems that therapists bring. On the client side of the relationship, there are the problems of what Freud called resistance, a shamefaced inhibition of speech and self-disclosure, plus transference, understood in a broad sense of making assumptions, plus misunderstanding and mis-empathising the intentions of therapists because of clients' personal histories. Bowlby identified the inner working model as explicit or implicit procedural and affective memories that are the link between the onset of an attachment process and its contemporary effects. Attachment is a developmental hypothesis about learned motivation and meaningfulness between the alleged distal causes of proximal events (Bowlby, 1973, p. 44). These topics are discussed in a wider understanding of what it means to provide good enough care.

Effect of Therapist's Self-Disclosure on Patients' Impressions of Empathy, Competence, and Trust in an Analogue of a Psychotherapeutic Interaction

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Technique ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Initial Prediction

The present study examined the relationship between a therapist's self-disclosure and the patients' impressions of the therapist's empathy, competence, and trust. Written dialogues were constructed to manipulate three conditions of high, low, and no disclosure by the therapist. 57 subjects were randomly selected and assigned to one of three treatment conditions, and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and Sorenson Relationship Questionnaire were measures of perceived empathy, competence, and trust. Findings confirmed the initial prediction: the greater the use of therapist's self-disclosure, the lower the subjects' impressions and evaluations of the therapist's empathy, competence, and trust. The results raise doubt regarding the predictability of therapist's self-disclosure as a psychotherapeutic technique and suggest that, at least with respect to the type of self-disclosure used in this study, therapists who utilize self-disclosing techniques may risk adversely affecting essential impressions on which a therapeutic alliance is established.

The relationship between trainee therapist traits with the use of self-disclosure and immediacy in psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Callie E. Jowers ◽  
Lylli A. Cain ◽  
Zachary T. Hoffman ◽  
Hana Perkey ◽  
Michelle B. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
The Relationship

Sex Differences, Repression-Sensitization, and Self-Disclosure: A Behavioral Look

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Chelune
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference

Sex differences in the relationship between three classes of verbal self-references and repression-sensitization were examined in behavioral samples from male and female disclosures to a same-sexed and an opposite-sexed interviewer. Subjects made a significantly greater proportion of negative self-references to a same-sexed interviewer than either positive or neutral self-references. There was a significant interaction between sex, repression-sensitization, and type of self-reference in the analysis of data for the opposite-sexed interviewer. Further examination of this interaction indicated that sex and repression-sensitization interacted for the percentage of negative self-references only. Results re-emphasize the need to examine the relationship between personality variables and self-disclosure not only within the context of specific relationships and settings but also in terms of relevant verbal dimensions.

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

Choice Of Technique And The Volume Of Saving (A Re-Examination Of The Cobb-Douglas Model)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
The One ◽  
Choice Of Technique ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between the degree of aggregate labour-intensity and the aggregate volume of saving in an economy where a Cobb-6ouglas production function in its traditional form can be assumed to give a good approximation to reality. The relationship in ques¬tion has an obviously important bearing on economic development policy in the area of choice of labour intensity. To the extent that and in the range where an increase in labour intensity would adversely affect the volume of savings, a con¬flict arises between two important social objectives, i.e., higher rate of capital formation on the one hand and greater employment and distributive equity on the other. If relative resource endowments in the economy are such that such a "competitive" range of labour-intensity falls within the nation's attainable range of choice, development planners will have to arrive at a compromise between these two social goals.

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