Gender and Age Differences in College Students' Alcohol Consumption

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Research

Respondents (86 men and 141 women) enrolled in classes at a large university in the Midwest participated in this study, designed to examine the role gender and age play in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The hypotheses that age and gender would produce significant effects were supported. Men reported significantly greater alcohol consumption than did women. In addition, there was a significant interaction between gender and age. Women under legal drinking age had higher rates of consumption than women of legal drinking age or older, while the opposite pattern was found for men. The long-term pattern of alcohol consumption may be different for men than for women. During the college years, women seem to moderate their consumption. Finally, these results indicate that illegal, underage drinking by men and women occurs at a high rate. Research should be designed to evaluate the extent of the problem.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Longevity

Abstract Background In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. Methods The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65–112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998–2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. Results The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175–1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004–1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). Conclusions Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.

scholarly journals Laterality, gender and age differences in estimated frequency and actual registration of people with congenital upper limb absences

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Registration Rate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

Initial analyses from a survey of people with unilateral upper limb congenital absence registered with the Cambridge Disablement Services Centre (DSC) indicated differences related to laterality and gender. A postal survey of all DSCs in the UK was conducted and support for these findings was provided from the analysis of the information supplied by the 25 DSCs who could provide data in the format requested. Comparing statistics for the UK population with those gained from the 25 DSCs, estimates for the number of children and adults who should be registered with DSCs in the UK are made. From these figures it is suggested that the non-registration rate for adults with a congenital absence of an upper limb could be as high as 64%.

Effect of Warnings in Advertising on Adolescents' Perceptions of Risk for Alcohol Consumption

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 974-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kimberly Bohannon ◽  
Stephen L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Alcohol Advertising ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Two Age Groups

The present study examined the effect of warning labels in alcohol advertising on the perception of risk for alcohol consumption. Under incidental conditions, subjects from two age groups, young (M = 13.6 years) and older (M = 23.3 years), examined a collection of magazine ads. Three of the ads in the booklet were for alcoholic beverages and these were either accompanied by a warning or the warning was absent. When present, the warnings were manipulated by the orthogonal combination of text voice (2nd vs. 3rd person) and pictorial (presence vs. absence) in a between-subjects design. A fifth condition served as the no-warning control. After examining the magazine ads, subjects answered a questionnaire which assessed several dimensions related to the ads: number and type of ads, attractiveness of the ads, and number and type of warnings in the ads. Examination of the questions dealing with the risk of alcohol consumption indicated that adolescents rated their own risk lower than the risk to adolescents in general, but that this bias in risk ratings was not evident when warnings were present. There were also several other age and gender effects. While no individual warning manipulation was found to be consistently superior to another, the results suggest that warnings can be effective in producing proper estimations of risk in different age populations.

AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO HOTEL EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF CHINA

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhou Tian ◽  
Yongjian Pu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Hotel Employee ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

At present, the hotel employment sector in China has a high rate of employee turnover compared to other services. This is not unlike other countries. The reason for the turnover among hotel employees may be lower worker satisfaction resulting in decreased – or no – loyalty to employers. This study was based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The factors influencing employee satisfaction were examined and the impacts of demographic characteristics on hotel employee satisfaction were analyzed. Results show that hotel employee satisfaction in China is low, hotel employee satisfaction differs by age and gender, and that professional development opportunities for employees and the long-term growth prospects of the hotels themselves are the most important contributors to employee satisfaction. On the basis of these findings, several recommendations for improving employee satisfaction, thereby sustaining the long-term economic health of China's hospitality industry, are provided.

Privacy and trust in Facebook photo sharing: age and gender differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Marko Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender and age differences regarding various aspects of privacy, trust, and activity on one of the most popular Facebook activity – “photo sharing.” Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using an online survey hosted by a web-based survey service for three weeks during December 2014-January 2015. The target audience comprised of Facebook users over 18 years engaged in sharing their photos on the platform. Findings Women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos. Meanwhile, users from older age groups are less active in using the site, in sharing photos, and in taking privacy-related protective measures. Interestingly, despite having more privacy concerns, young Facebook users display higher trust levels toward the platform than older users. Overall, in the study, there was an extremely significant difference in privacy attitudes among people under and over 35 years of age. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is new knowledge regarding the gender and age differences in various privacy-related aspects, trust, and activity. Findings from the study broadens the overall understanding of how these issues positively/negatively influence the photo-sharing activity on Facebook.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Self-Esteem—A Cross-Cultural Window

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Ruben C. Arslan ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Jason Rentfrow ◽  
Jochen E. Gebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

Research and theorizing on gender and age differences in self-esteem have played a prominent role in psychology over the past 20 years. However, virtually all empirical research has been undertaken in the United States or other Western industrialized countries, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. To broaden the empirical base, the present research uses a large Internet sample (N 985,937) to provide the first large-scale systematic cross-cultural examination of gender and age differences in self-esteem. Across 48 nations, and consistent with previous research, wefound age-related increases in self-esteem from late adolescence to middle adulthood and significant gender gaps, with males consistently reporting higher self-esteem than females. Despite these broad cross-cultural similarities, the cultures differed significantly in the magnitude of gender, age, and Gender Age effects on self-esteem. These differences were associated with cultural differences in socioeconomic, sociodemographic, gender-equality, and cultural value indicators. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of cross-cultural research on self-esteem.

scholarly journals Measuring Preschool Children Temperament: Implications for Preschool Care and Education Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Tatalović Vorkapić ◽  
Darko Lončarić
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Oblimin Rotation ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

<div><p class="hppag28TextAbstract">With the aim of measuring preschool children temperament, EASI temperament Survey has been applied. Preschool teachers (N=192), all female, rated a total of N=3275 children (1612 girls and 1639 boys) with mean age M 4.368 (SD=1.482) within age range between 7 months and 7.7 years. Validation for the instrument was run. Factor analysis on principal components with Oblimin rotation and reliability analysis were performed on data based on preschool teachers’ ratings. Three-factor solution has been determined: Emotionality, Activity and Sociability, which have explained 57.427% variance. As it was expected, impulsivity component was not replicated. Subscales inter-correlations and gender and age differences confirmed results from prior research. Overall, the findings were discussed within the frame of preschool children temperament development and variables related to the characteristics of observers. Several significant implications for preschool teachers practice and the quality of educational process have been emphasized</p></div>

scholarly journals Who drinks more in Sweden? A study on consumption trends among men and women and in various age groups during 1990–2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

This study examines trends in alcohol consumption in Sweden from 1990 to 2002, with the emphasis on the period after 1995 with Sweden as a member of the European Union (EU). The specific aim of the study is to study gender-specific and age-specific trends in self-reported consumption by means of five general population surveys conducted between 1990 and 2002. Trends in the proportion of high consumers were also studied. Alcohol sales and estimates of unrecorded consumption indicate that Swedish per capita alcohol consumption (per person aged 15 or older) rose by approximately 27 per cent, from 7.8 litres of pure alcohol in 1990 to 9.9 litres in 2002. Approximately 90 per cent of this increase has occurred since 1996. Analyses of self-reported consumption from survey data confirm this trend with more than a 30 per cent increase for both genders (aged 16–75 years) since 1996. Among women, this is mainly due to increased wine consumption, and among men to augmented consumption of wine as well as beer. Furthermore, the proportion of high consumers has increased – and more so than the per capita consumption. The study also shows that changes in consumption during the period of 1990 to 2002 differ for the various gender-and age-specific groups. Among women, for in-stance, the increase since 1996 has been strongest for the oldest women (50–75 years of age), and since 1998 statistically significant only among this group. The weakest, and thus not statistically significant, increase has occurred among women between the ages of 30 and 49. It is important to track the changes not only among men and women and various age groups, but also in the different sub-groups of the population, since changes in per capita consumption are strongly related to changes in different alcohol-related problems. Other groups of importance are e.g. various social classes (including the long-term unemployed and people on long-term disability benefits), regions, family units and, not least, different drinking groups, including high consumers. Improved knowledge of how consumption changes in different socio-demo-graphic groups will also improve our understanding of the causes and mechanisms behind changes in alcohol consumption in society.

Adolescent Victim Experiences of Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-254
Author(s):  
Minghui Gao ◽  
Tonja Filipino ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Mark McJunkin
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender

This chapter started by introducing a recent research study that disclosed adolescent victim experiences across seven major types of cyberbullying, significant gender and age differences, and reasons for not reporting incidents of cyberbullying to adults. The chapter then related the research findings to major areas in the literature on the nature and forms of cyberbullying in contrast to traditional forms of bullying, its prevalence among school-aged youths, the effects of gender and age on adolescent victim experiences of cyberbullying, and the factors that contribute to adolescent attitude toward reporting cyberbullying incidents to adults. The chapter suggested that future research should further explore issues such as how various types of cyberbullying affect adolescent mental wellbeing, how age and gender affect school-aged youth victim experiences of various forms of cyberbullying, and how professionals and other adults may help adolescents counter cyberbullying.

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