Cultural Effects: Attributions following Ruminations of Success and Failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. McGowan ◽  
S. Jeffery McGowan ◽  
Ademola Omifade
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
West African ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
African American Athletes ◽  
Successful Outcomes

Attributions of 93 native West-African and 63 African-American athletes following ruminations (conjuring thoughts about the past) of success and failure are juxtaposed. Related literature suggested that culture tended to exert a significant effect on attributions While successful outcomes were attributed similarly across African and American cultures amongst black athletes, attributions of failure varied significantly.

scholarly journals Enrichment for Cases of African-American Patients with Pathogenic TTR V142I Variant in the TOPCAT Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Papoutsidakis ◽  
Neeru Gandotra ◽  
Edward Miller ◽  
Michael F. Murray ◽  
Curt Scharfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
African American ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
West African ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
West African Ancestry

AbstractTransthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a treatable cause of heart failure with a hereditary form that disproportionally affects patients of West African ancestry. The clinical management of ATTR-CA has dramatically changed in the past five years, with rapidly evolving diagnostic approaches and life-prolonging therapies. The TTR variant c.424G>A, p.V142I (aka V122I) is pathogenic and occurs in 3-4% of individuals of West African ancestry. Despite its high frequency, V142I ATTR-CA is often unrecognized due to variable clinical penetrance, limited knowledge, and lack of inexpensive non-invasive diagnostic tests. Currently unknown is which TTR V142I carriers will progress to heart failure and at what age. Here we studied the prevalence of TTR V142I among a random cohort of African-American patients enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT). Three of the 26 HFpEF patients (11.5%) studied carried the pathogenic TTR V142I variant. While we cannot conclude at this point that TTR V142I was the underlying cause of the clinical phenotype in these patients, our results suggest that rapid TTR V142I genotyping, in combination with heart imaging, could have immediate clinical utility for identifying under-/mis-diagnosed HFpEF patients.

Cultural Effects: Affects following Ruminations on Success and Failure in Sports

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343
Author(s):  
Robert W. McGowan ◽  
S. Jeffery McGowan ◽  
Ademola Omifade
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
West African ◽  
Cultural Effects

Affect following ruminations of success and failure in sport was examined for cultural effects. 66 African-American and 84 Native West African athletes completed questionnaires following ruminations about their most successful athletic experience, and again following ruminations about their worst failure. Analysis suggested that affect following ruminations of successful experiences was more positive than those following failure. Cultural differences were noted in the affective responses following ruminations of success. African athletes tended to be more positive in general and self-related affect following ruminations of success and slightly more negative following ruminations of failure than American athletes.

Patient-related barriers to some virtual healthcare services among cancer patients in the USA: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
African American ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
African American Race

Objective: To assess the patient-related barriers to access of some virtual healthcare tools among cancer patients in the USA in a population-based cohort. Materials & methods: National Health Interview Survey datasets (2011–2018) were reviewed and adult participants (≥18 years old) with a history of cancer diagnosis and complete information about virtual healthcare utilization (defined by [a] filling a prescription on the internet in the past 12 months and/or [b] communicating with a healthcare provider through email in the past 12 months) were included. Information about video-conferenced phone calls and telephone calls are not available in the National Health Interview Survey datasets; and thus, they were not examined in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the utilization of virtual care tools. Results: A total of 25,121 participants were included in the current analysis; including 4499 participants (17.9%) who utilized virtual care in the past 12 months and 20,622 participants (82.1%) who did not utilize virtual care in the past 12 months. The following factors were associated with less utilization of virtual healthcare tools in multivariable logistic regression: older age (continuous odds ratio [OR] with increasing age: 0.987; 95% CI: 0.984–0.990), African-American race (OR for African American vs white race: 0.608; 95% CI: 0.517–0.715), unmarried status (OR for unmarried compared with married status: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.642–0.739), lower level of education (OR for education ≤high school vs >high school: 0.284; 95% CI: 0.259–0.311), weaker English proficiency (OR for no proficiency vs very good proficiency: 0.224; 95% CI: 0.091–0.552) and lower yearly earnings (OR for earnings <$45,000 vs earnings >$45,000: 0.582; 95% CI: 0.523–0.647). Conclusion: Older patients, those with African-American race, lower education, lower earnings and weak English proficiency are less likely to access the above studied virtual healthcare tools. Further efforts are needed to tackle disparities in telemedicine access.

African American Journalists in World War II West Africa: The NNPA Commission Tour of 1944–1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110549
Author(s):  
Oliver Coates
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
West Africa ◽  
American West ◽  
West African ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

The National Negro Publishers Association (NNPA) Commission to West Africa in 1944–1945 represents a major episode in the history of World War II Africa, as well as in American–West Africa relations. Three African American reporters toured the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Liberia, and the Congo between November 1944 and February 1945, before returning to Washington, DC to report to President Roosevelt. They documented their tour in the pages of the Baltimore Afro-American, the Chicago Defender, and the Norfolk Journal and Guide. Their Americans’ visit had a significant impact in wartime West Africa and was widely documented in the African press. This article examines the NNPA tour geographically, before analyzing American reporters’ interactions with West Africans, and assessing African responses to the tour. Drawing on both African American and West African newspapers, it situates the NNPA tour within the history of World War II West Africa, and in terms of African print culture. It argues that the NNPA tour became the focus of West African hopes for future political, economic, and intellectual relations with African Americans, while revealing how the NNPA reporters engaged African audiences during their tour.

A Look at the Past, Present, and Future of Rural Secondary Transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Test ◽  
Catherine H. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Transition ◽  
Postschool Outcomes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Successful Outcomes

Depending on which date is attributed to the birth of secondary transition, it can be considered anywhere from 27 to 57 years old. No matter which date is used, it has been a while since the field “took stock” of itself. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to (a) briefly summarize where the field of secondary transition has been; (b) briefly summarize where we think the field of secondary transition now stands in terms of student postschool outcomes and barriers to successful outcomes in rural communities; and (c) conclude with some thoughts on what is next, how we might get there, and what this means for secondary transition in rural areas.

scholarly journals Equine-Origin Immunoglobulin Fragments Protect Nonhuman Primates from Ebola Virus Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualei Wang ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Shihua He ◽  
Yongkun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
West African ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over 40 Years

ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV) infections result in aggressive hemorrhagic fever in humans, with fatality rates reaching 90% and with no licensed specific therapeutics to treat ill patients. Advances over the past 5 years have firmly established monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based products as the most promising therapeutics for treating EBOV infections, but production is costly and quantities are limited; therefore, MAbs are not the best candidates for mass use in the case of an epidemic. To address this need, we generated EBOV-specific polyclonal F(ab′)2 fragments from horses hyperimmunized with an EBOV vaccine. The F(ab′)2 was found to potently neutralize West African and Central African EBOV in vitro. Treatment of nonhuman primates (NHPs) with seven doses of 100 mg/kg F(ab′)2 beginning 3 or 5 days postinfection (dpi) resulted in a 100% survival rate. Notably, NHPs for which treatment was initiated at 5 dpi were already highly viremic, with observable signs of EBOV disease, which demonstrated that F(ab′)2 was still effective as a therapeutic agent even in symptomatic subjects. These results show that F(ab′)2 should be advanced for clinical testing in preparation for future EBOV outbreaks and epidemics. IMPORTANCE EBOV is one of the deadliest viruses to humans. It has been over 40 years since EBOV was first reported, but no cure is available. Research breakthroughs over the past 5 years have shown that MAbs constitute an effective therapy for EBOV infections. However, MAbs are expensive and difficult to produce in large amounts and therefore may only play a limited role during an epidemic. A cheaper alternative is required, especially since EBOV is endemic in several third world countries with limited medical resources. Here, we used a standard protocol to produce large amounts of antiserum F(ab′)2 fragments from horses vaccinated with an EBOV vaccine, and we tested the protectiveness in monkeys. We showed that F(ab′)2 was effective in 100% of monkeys even after the animals were visibly ill with EBOV disease. Thus, F(ab′)2 could be a very good option for large-scale treatments of patients and should be advanced to clinical testing.

scholarly journals Narrative Realism at the Interplay of Traditionality and Modernity in Ousmane Sembene’s God’s Bits of Woods and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Moustapha Ndour
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
West African ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Realist Novels ◽  
African Community ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
And Control

This paper articulates the interactions between a traditional and modern world as embodied by the colonizer and the colonized, focusing on Ousmane Sembène’s God’s Bits of Woods (1960) and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between (1965). It argues that both narratives can be read as realist novels that counter the hegemonic power of the European empire. While Sembène engages in critiquing imperialism and its social and cultural effects in the West African community –Senegal, Mali and Niger – Ngugi concentrates on the internal problems of the Gikuyu as they respond to the contact with the Western culture. The essay claims that the sociopolitical agendas in these novels should be understood within the context of French and British colonial regimes concerned with finding a legitimizing basis and control in an era when social and political forces of the colonies were energetically asserting themselves.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the Parliamentarization and Politicization of European Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Gheyle
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

In the past 20 years, two related literature strands have gradually moved centre stage of the attention of EU Studies scholars. The first is preoccupied with the ‘politicization of European integration’, a multi-faceted concept that aims to tie together a multitude of political and societal manifestations underlying an increasing controversiality of the EU. A second concerns the parliamentarization of the EU, referring to the changing (institutional) role and EU-related activities national parliaments engage in. The key point of this contribution is simple, but often overlooked: We can and should be seeing parliamentarization as a necessary, yet insufficient, component of a wider process of politicization. Doing so goes beyond the often ad hoc or pars pro toto theoretical assumptions in both literature strands, sheds new light on the normative consequences attached to these phenomena, and furthers a more complete understanding of how a ‘comprehensive’ politicization of European policies develops.

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