A Meta-Analytic Review of Treatment of Homosexuality

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dean Byrd ◽  
Joseph Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Average Patient

This paper examined and synthesized studies of treatment of individuals identified as homosexual using meta-analytic technique. A large number of studies (146) evaluating treatment efficacy were identified, most published prior to 1975 and 14 of which met inclusion criteria and provided statistics that could be used in a meta-analysis. These 14 outcome studies were published between 1969 and 1982 and used primarily behavioral interventions. Analysis indicated that treatment for homosexuality was significantly more effective than alternative treatments or control groups for homosexuality (ES = .72), and significant differences were found across pre- to postanalysis (ES = .89). In other words, the average patient receiving treatment was better off than 79% of those in the alternative treatments or as compared to pretreatment scores on the several outcome measures. This meta-analysis of 14 studies provides empirical support for a group of 146 studies which have narratively suggested that treatment for homosexuality is effective. Variables related to treatment efficacy are examined.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Treatment of Homosexuality

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1139-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dean Byrd ◽  
Joseph Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Average Patient

This paper examined and synthesized studies of treatment of individuals identified as homosexual using meta-analytic technique. A large number of studies (146) evaluating treatment efficacy were identified, most published prior to 1975 and 14 of which met inclusion criteria and provided statistics that could be used in a meta-analysis. These 14 outcome studies were published between 1969 and 1982 and used primarily behavioral interventions. Analysis indicated that treatment for homosexuality was significantly more effective than alternative treatments or control groups for homosexuality (ES = .72), and significant differences were found across pre- to postanalysis (ES = .89). In other words, the average patient receiving treatment was better off than 79% of those in the alternative treatments or as compared to pretreatment scores on the several outcome measures. This meta-analysis of 14 studies provides empirical support for a group of 146 studies which have narratively suggested that treatment for homosexuality is effective. Variables related to treatment efficacy are examined.

scholarly journals Comparative clinical trials in psychotherapy: Have large effects been replicated?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas D. Frost ◽  
Thomas W. Baskin ◽  
Bruce E. Wampold
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Aims The purpose of this review is to examine the replication attempts of psychotherapy clinical trials for depression and anxiety. We focus specifically on replications of trials that exhibit large differences between psychotherapies. The replicability of these trials is especially important for meta-analysis, where the inclusion of false-positive trials can lead to erroneous conclusions about treatment efficacy. Methods Standard replication criteria were developed to distinguish direct from conceptual replication methodologies. Next, an exhaustive literature search was conducted for published meta-analyses of psychotherapy comparisons. Trials that exhibited large effects (d > 0.8) were culled from these meta-analyses. For each trial, a cited replication was conducted to determine if the trial had been subsequently replicated by either ‘direct’ or ‘conceptual’ methods. Finally, a broader search was conducted to examine the extent of replication efforts in the psychotherapy literature overall. Results In the meta-analytic search, a total of N = 10 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. From these meta-analyses, N = 12 distinct trials exhibited large effect sizes. The meta-analyses containing more than two large effect trials reported evidence for treatment superiority. A cited replication search yielded no direct replication attempts (N = 0) for the trials with large effects, and N = 4 conceptual replication attempts of average or above average quality. However, of these four attempts, only two partially corroborated the results from their original trial. Conclusion Meta-analytic reviews are influenced by trials with large effects, and it is not uncommon for these reviews to contain several such trials. Since we find no evidence that trials with such large effects are directly replicable, treatment superiority conclusions from these reviews are highly questionable. To enhance the quality of clinical science, the development of authoritative replication criteria for clinical trials is needed. Moreover, quality benchmarks should be considered before trials are included in a meta-analysis, or replications are attempted.

The Effects of Exercise on Mood in Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Arent ◽  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Experimental Versus

This meta-analysis examined the exercise-mood relationship in older adults. 158 effect sizes (ESs) from 32 studies were grouped intoexperimental-versus-control, gains, and correlational ESs. Each study was coded for moderator variables related to descriptive, design, participant, exercise, and mood-assessment characteristics. Experimental-versus-control ESs for negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) were 0.35 (p < .05) and 0.33 (p > .05), respectively, with an overall ES of 0.34, p < .05. The gains ESs for NA and PA in an exercise group were 0.39 (p < .05) and 0.35 (p < .05), respectively, with an overall ES of 0.38, p < .05. All effects were significantly greater than those for the control groups. Correlational ESs of 0.47 and 0.42 were found for NA and PA. respectively. It was concluded that chronic exercise is associated with improved mood in the elderly. Moderating variables and implications for exercise prescription to improve mood in the elderly are discussed.

scholarly journals Using Telemedicine to Reduce Suicide Ideation and Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Aiello ◽  
Sara Dadashzadeh ◽  
Jacob M. Lynn ◽  
William T. Starbird ◽  
Caleb J. Pawl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Primary Inclusion ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Secondary Inclusion

Objective: To review the published research for reported effectiveness of telemedicine in reducing suicide ideation and behavior in patients already diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Design: A thorough literature search on the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and TRIP (Turning Research Into Practice) Medical Database was conducted. Phrases such as “telemedicine,” “telehealth,” “remote consultation,” “mobile health,” “psychiatric disorders,” “suicide,” “suicide, attempted or ideation,” and “telepsychiatry” were employed in a variety of combinations. The primary inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles published in the past 5 years. Secondary inclusion criteria comprised: (1) the diagnosis of any psychiatric disorder for all patients included in the study, (2) the absence or presence of use of telepsychiatry to offer consultation and communication, and (3) reported outcomes involving suicide rates or attempted suicide rates. The research publications passing inclusion criteria were assessed, and all their corresponding outcome measures were included in a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 705 studies were identified by applying the initial search strategy to the electronic databases described. Of these, 205 passed the primary inclusion criteria. After excluding duplicates and non-English articles, 105 articles were screened using the secondary inclusion criteria. Nine articles remained, including three systematic reviews that were excluded. Finally, a total of six independent, non-overlapping studies were included in this meta-analysis, encompassing data for 576 participants. The 18 outcome measures in this meta-analysis included five “positive” measures: perceived ability to cope with suicidal ideation, optimism, gratitude, positive affect, and the Mini Mental State Exam. The “negative” measures included: suicidal ideation intensity, hopelessness, depression, suicidality, HAMD (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score, HAMD score without suicide item, medical admissions, number of days of medical hospitalizations, number of psychiatric hospitalizations, number of emergency room visits, suicide ideation questionnaire (SIQ) from baseline to posttreatment, and SIQ from baseline to follow-up. Overall, this review found support for the hypothesis that telemedicine can reduce suicide ideation and behavior. There was a moderate effect size for the 18 measures analyzed. Based on the four different forest plots presented in this analysis, all average effect sizes calculated showed that the intervention of telemedicine has a small-to-moderate effect on the measures studied, which translates loosely to a small-to-moderate effect on the patient’s suicide ideation and behavior. Conclusions: Telemedicine appears to be a promising way to reduce suicidal ideation, although how this translates into reductions in self-harm and/or suicide attempts is unclear from this review alone.

Lingual Tonsillectomy for Pediatric Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rivero ◽  
Megan Durr
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Lingual Tonsillectomy

Objective To determine the role of lingual tonsillectomy (LT) in pediatric patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A). Data Sources PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central from 2006 to 2017. Review Methods Inclusion criteria included English-language studies containing original data on LT in pediatric patients with persistent OSA. Exclusion criteria included case reports and studies without outcome measures. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts and performed quality assessment using validated tools. Meta-analysis was performed. Results Of the 866 abstracts identified, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were case series (level of evidence 4). Outcome measures included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (minSaO2), comorbidity status, and adverse events. Qualitatively, all studies demonstrated reduction in AHI and increase in minSaO2 after LT. Comorbidities may not affect the success of LT for lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH). LT had similar adverse event rates as T&A. Meta-analysis was performed on 4 studies. LT showed a mean change in reduction of AHI and increase of minSaO2 of −6.64 (95% CI, −8.63 to −4.65) and 4.17 (95% CI, 1.25-7.08), respectively. The overall success rate, defined as postoperative AHI <5, was 52%. Conclusion LT for LTH can be a safe and effective adjunct surgery for persistent OSA in patients after T&A. LT may reduce AHI and increase minSaO2, though complete resolution of OSA is rare. Given the limited number of patients studied, no formal recommendations can be made for the routine use of LT for LTH in persistent pediatric OSA.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytic Review of Moral Disengagement and Cyberbullying

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhao ◽  
Junjian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Correlate Factor ◽  
Online Library ◽  
The Relationship

With the development of technology, cyberbullying prevalence rates are increasing worldwide, and a growing body of the literature has begun to document cyberbullying behavior. Moral disengagement is often considered a key correlate factor in cyberbullying. This article aims to conduct a meta-analysis review of the relationship between moral disengagement and cyberbullying and some psychosocial and cultural variables. Based on the PRISMA method, a random-effects meta-analysis is employed in this study to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examine a range of moderators (age, gender, measure method, and cultural background). Relevant studies, published from 2005 to February 30, 2021, were identified through a systematic search of the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Pubmed, EBSCO, and Wiley Online Library. Finally, 38 studies (N=38,425) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis conclusion demonstrated that moral disengagement positively correlated medium intensity with cyberbullying (r=0.341). Age, gender, and cultural background had moderated the relationship between moral disengagement and cyberbullying.

scholarly journals CINDERELLA COMPLEX: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 324-329
Author(s):  
Jeslin Babu Joseph ◽  
Sanjaly Jayesh ◽  
Sannet Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Unconscious Desire

Women’s dependency has been a widely debated topic all over the world. A woman is always expected to do only what is appropriate in contemporary society since infancy, and they are not prepared for independence or self-sufficiency from the moment they are born. The idea of female dependency began to cause confusion and discontent among the ‘new independent women’. The fear of being independent then termed as the Cinderella Complex. Cinderella Complex refers to the fear of being independent, causes unconscious desire to be taken care of by others (C. Dowling, 1981). Here the investigator planned to go through the studies conducted in India as well as outside to have a deep understanding on the concept of Cinderella Complex, its dimensions, method of study, related concepts, implications etc. The investigators used meta-analysis as the method for approaching the problem. Six studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Findings of the study show that it is interpreted that women having high scores in Cinderella Complex are bound to show negative motivation towards personal growth. Furthermore, an interventional approach is being developed to motivate and train young women towards personal growth. KEYWORDS: Cinderella complex, Meta-analysis, Women, Dependency

scholarly journals The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Chiara Montano ◽  
Luigi Auletta ◽  
Adelaide Greco ◽  
Dario Costanza ◽  
Pierpaolo Coluccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Dichotomous Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Ratios

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PRP with placebo or other treatments for horses with tenodesmic injuries or evaluated PRP effect on tendon and ligament explants were included. Outcomes were clinical, ultrasound, histologic, molecular evaluation, and adverse effects. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed each study’s risk of bias. Treatment effects were evaluated using risk ratios for dichotomous data, together with 95% CI. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE criteria. Twenty-four trials met inclusion criteria for systematic review, while fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed no significant differences in the outcomes between PRP and control groups. Finally, there is no definitive evidence that PRP enhances tendons and ligaments healing. Therefore, there is a need for more controlled trials to draw a firmer conclusion about the efficacy of PRP as a treatment for tenodesmic lesions in the horse.

Strength training for throwing velocity enhancement in overhead throw: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110029
Author(s):  
D Martínez-García ◽  
LJ Chirosa Ríos ◽  
A Rodriguez-Perea ◽  
D Ulloa-Díaz ◽  
D Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Overhead Sports ◽  
Velocity Enhancement

The overhead throw is a fundamental technical-tactical ability for overhead sports. The purposes of this review are to assess the effect of resistance training (RT) in enhancing throwing velocity in athletes and to investigate the relationships between age or gender in this effect. Control group trials were identified through looking up electronic databases with a search span of 10th December 2020. Only studies which have control groups within research design, subjects randomly assigned to groups, healthy athletes with experience in the sport, an intervention consisting of a supervised RT program of a minimum duration of 4 weeks, and assessment of sport-specific throwing velocity were taken into account for this meta-analysis. A total of 16 studies with 424 subjects were deemed eligible per the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled analysis demonstrated that a large effect was observed for throwing velocity outcomes (ES 1.10; 95% CI 0.64–1.57; p < 0.00001). Differences were due to gender, with male (ES 1.12; 95% CI 0.55–1.78; p < 0.0001) and female athletes (ES 1.22; 95% CI 0.25–2.20; p < 0.00001). And due to age, with teenager athletes (ES 0.49; 95% CI -0.18–1.17; p = 0.04) and adult athletes (ES 1.34; 95% CI 0.64–1.92; p < 0.00001). Throwing velocity enhancement after RT was greater for women than for men, and for adults more than underage subjects. RT should last at least four weeks, with 2–3 sessions each week, and with any available implement.

A Meta-Analysis of Non-Repetitive Reading Fluency Interventions for Students With Reading Difficulties

2019 ◽  
pp. 074193251985505
Author(s):  
Leah M. Zimmermann ◽  
Deborah K. Reed ◽  
Ariel M. Aloe
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Fluency Instruction ◽  
K 12

This meta-analytic review investigated non-repetitive reading fluency interventions for K-12 students with reading difficulties. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. The approaches were distinguished by their intervention structures; student groupings; and text difficulty, length, and genre. The overall multivariate weighted average standardized mean difference with robust variance yielded an improvement of less than 0.2 SD ( d = 0.176) for non-repetitive reading fluency interventions, but results were positive and statistically significant. The moderator analysis revealed that the effect on comprehension outcomes ( d = 0.239) was slightly larger than fluency outcomes ( d = 0.105), but differences between the magnitude of the two outcomes were not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no indication of concern for publication bias. Studies comparing repeated reading and non-repetitive reading fluency interventions produced reading outcomes similar in magnitude, with no significant differences. Results indicated that non-repetitive reading fluency instruction may be a feasible approach for students with reading difficulties.

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