Strength training for throwing velocity enhancement in overhead throw: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110029
Author(s):  
D Martínez-García ◽  
LJ Chirosa Ríos ◽  
A Rodriguez-Perea ◽  
D Ulloa-Díaz ◽  
D Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Overhead Sports ◽  
Velocity Enhancement

The overhead throw is a fundamental technical-tactical ability for overhead sports. The purposes of this review are to assess the effect of resistance training (RT) in enhancing throwing velocity in athletes and to investigate the relationships between age or gender in this effect. Control group trials were identified through looking up electronic databases with a search span of 10th December 2020. Only studies which have control groups within research design, subjects randomly assigned to groups, healthy athletes with experience in the sport, an intervention consisting of a supervised RT program of a minimum duration of 4 weeks, and assessment of sport-specific throwing velocity were taken into account for this meta-analysis. A total of 16 studies with 424 subjects were deemed eligible per the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled analysis demonstrated that a large effect was observed for throwing velocity outcomes (ES 1.10; 95% CI 0.64–1.57; p < 0.00001). Differences were due to gender, with male (ES 1.12; 95% CI 0.55–1.78; p < 0.0001) and female athletes (ES 1.22; 95% CI 0.25–2.20; p < 0.00001). And due to age, with teenager athletes (ES 0.49; 95% CI -0.18–1.17; p = 0.04) and adult athletes (ES 1.34; 95% CI 0.64–1.92; p < 0.00001). Throwing velocity enhancement after RT was greater for women than for men, and for adults more than underage subjects. RT should last at least four weeks, with 2–3 sessions each week, and with any available implement.

scholarly journals Whether stoma support rods have application value in loop enterostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Du ◽  
Jiajie Zhou ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Dongliang Li ◽  
Guifan Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Support ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the application value of the stoma support rods in loop enterostomy. Methods The studies on the application of stoma rods in loop enterostomy published from January 2000 to January 2020 were searched in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Clinical trials. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that observed the value of stoma rods were included according to inclusion criteria. The RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 1131 patients with loop enterostomy in six studies were included in this study; there were 569 cases in the experimental group and 562 cases in the control group. All six studies analyzed the effect of support rods on the incidence of stoma retraction; the meta-analysis showed that in a total of 32 patients, stoma retraction occurred, with a total incidence of about 2.8% in 1131 patients. The incidence of stoma retraction in the rod group was not significantly lower than that in the non-rod group, and the difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.32~1.32, I2 = 0%, P = 0.23), and the studies were homogeneous. The incidences of stoma necrosis (OR = 6.41, 95% CI 2.22~18.55, I2 = 0%, P = 0.0006), peristomal dermatitis (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.01~4.27, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), and mucocutaneous separation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.03~4.47, I2 = 0%, P = 0.04) were significantly increased in the rod group. Conclusions It is not recommended to routinely use stoma support rods in the clinical practice.

Use of Topical Vancomycin Powder to Reduce Surgical Site Infections after Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: UCSF Experience and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sravani Kondapavulur ◽  
John F. Burke ◽  
Monica Volz ◽  
Doris D. Wang ◽  
Philip A. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vancomycin Powder ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Deep Brain

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common serious complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation surgery. Here, we report a single-surgeon experience on the efficacy of topical, intrawound vancomycin powder (VP) in reducing SSI for DBS surgery and present the first systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of topical vancomycin on SSI in patients after DBS surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> For the retrospective review, all unique patients undergoing DBS surgery at UCSF for new hardware implantation or internal pulse generator (IPG) replacement by a single surgeon from September 2013 to March 2019, with at least 1 year of follow-up data, were included. For the meta-analysis, we included all primary studies that compared SSIs with and without application of topical vancomycin in DBS surgeries. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 368 unique patients met inclusion criteria; 195 patients received topical VP (VP group) and 173 did not (control). 99/195 patients in the VP group underwent new DBS implantation and 96/195 had IPG replacement. 71/173 patients in the control group had new DBS implantation and 102/173 had IPG replacement. There were 10 total cases of SSI: 4 patients from the VP group (3 new implants and 1 IPG replacement) and 6 patients from the control group (3 new implants and 3 IPG replacements), resulting in SSI rates of 2.1 and 3.5%, respectively (<i>p</i> value = 0.337). Including our retrospective analysis, 6 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. In the 4 studies that examined primary DBS implants, 479 total patients received topical VP and 436 did not; mean odds ratio for SSI with topical vancomycin was 0.802 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.175–3.678). Across the 5 studies that examined IPG implantations or replacements, 606 total patients received topical VP while 1,173 patients did not; mean odds ratio for SSI with topical vancomycin was 0.492 (95% CI 0.164–1.475). In either case, topical VP application did not significantly decrease risk of SSI. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Surgical infections after DBS surgery are uncommon events, with studies demonstrating mixed results on whether topical vancomycin reduces this risk. Our single-institution retrospective analysis and systematic review of prior studies both demonstrated no significant SSI rate reduction with topical VP. This is likely due to low baseline SSI rates, resulting in a small effect size for prevention. Given the cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and low risk, topical, intrawound VP remains a treatment option to further reduce risk of SSI, particularly in settings with higher baseline infection rates.

scholarly journals Does periodontitis represent a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1759720X1985851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Railson de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Raíra de Brito Silva ◽  
Marcela Baraúna Magno ◽  
Anna Paula Costa Ponte Sousa Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of dental supporting tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone) and it has been suggested as a possible etiology for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this systematic review, we aim to verify if periodontitis represents a risk factor for RA. Electronic databases were consulted until March 2018 considering eligibility criteria focusing on: (P, participants) adults; (E, exposure) with periodontitis; (C, comparison) without periodontitis; and (O, outcome) development of RA. Quality assessment of studies and risk-of-bias evaluation were also performed. To undertake a quantitative analysis, the number of persons with RA and a total number of participants for the case group (with periodontitis) and control group (without periodontitis) were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 3888 articles were identified, and nine studies were considered eligible. Seven of 9 articles suggested an association among diseases by the common pro-inflammatory profiles. The pooled analysis of 3 articles showed a higher RA prevalence for persons with periodontitis ( n = 1177) than controls ( n = 254) (OR 1.97; CI 1.68–2.31; p < 0.00001). However, considerable heterogeneity among studies was verified (I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001). Periodontitis may represent a risk factor for RA by heredity, bacterial infection, and the pro-inflammatory profile shared between both diseases. Although most of the elective studies report an association between periodontitis and RA, the quantitative analysis showed a high heterogeneity, leading to the need for further studies.

Effect of exercise on myosteatosis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Yasmin Ezzatvar ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Muscle Attenuation

Muscle tissue typically contains only small amounts of adipose tissue, and the excess deposition of adiposity is considered a pathological phenomenon termed myosteatosis. Several studies have assessed the effects of exercise alone on the severity of myosteatosis, and some studies have reported promising results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise interventions on myosteatosis (i.e., lipid infiltration and muscle attenuation). Studies were identified through a systematic search of three databases and limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on evaluating the effect of exercise interventions on lipid infiltration and/or muscle attenuation in adults. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and twelve were included in the meta-analysis (n = 465, 84.7% women). The volume of lipid infiltration was decreased in the exercise group compared to the control group (Hedges'g = -0.45 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.74 to -0.16, p = 0.008, I2= 0%), and the degree of muscle attenuation was increased (Hedges'g = 0.67 95% CI 0.22 to 1.13, p = 0.009, I2= 59.3%). Based on meta-regression analyses, there were no significant effects of mean age at baseline (lipid infiltration, β=-0.008 95% CI, -0.035 to 0.019; p=0.495; muscle attenuation, β=-0.013 95% CI, -0.036 to 0.011; p=0.248) and intervention duration (lipid infiltration, β=-0.008 95% CI, -0.028 to 0.010; p=0.311; muscle attenuation, β=-0.018 95% CI, -0.050 to 0.014; p=0.230) on the effect sizes estimates. Overall, our findings indicate that exercise can significantly improve muscle quality in populations at risk of developing obesity - and sarcopenia-related disability.

scholarly journals Effects of the Small-Sided Soccer Games on Blood Pressure in Untrained Hypertensive Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Hugo Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled

This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of small-sided games (SSGs)-based programs on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of untrained hypertensive adults. The data sources utilized were Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. The eligibility criteria were: (i) randomized controlled trials including a control group and an intervention group exclusively using soccer SSGs; (ii) intervention and control groups including an untrained hypertensive adult population; (iii) articles written in English; and (iv) only full-text and original articles. The database search initially identified 241 titles. From those, five articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The included randomized controlled studies involved five individual experimental groups and 88 participants, and 68 participants in the five control groups. The results showed a large and beneficial effect of SSG on systolic (ES = 1.69; 95% CI = 0.71 to 2.66; p = 0.001; I2 = 85.2%; Egger’s test p = 0.101) and diastolic blood pressure (ES = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.44 to 3.06; p < 0.001; I2 = 74.8%; Egger’s test p = 0.118) when compared to the control groups. The findings of the current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed consistent beneficial effects of recreational soccer SSGs on untrained men and women from the hypertensive population, although high levels of heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Sex Disparities in Efficacy in COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Alessia Bignucolo ◽  
Lucia Scarabel ◽  
Silvia Mezzalira ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
Erika Cecchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Sex Disparities

Sex differences in adaptive and innate immune responses have been shown to occur and anecdotal reports suggest that vaccine efficacy and safety may be sex-dependent. We investigated the influence of sex on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines through a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines. The safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines was also investigated. A systematic review included eligible articles published in three databases and three websites. A meta-analysis of available data, stratified by sex, was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman method, as well as influence and heterogeneity analysis. Pooled analysis showed significantly higher efficacy, measured as the rate of new COVID-19 cases, in men compared to women in the vaccine group (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.94). No sex differences were found in the rate of new cases in the control group (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.78–1.09). Safety profiles derived from pharmacovigilance reports appear to indicate increased toxicity in women. In conclusion, evidence of a potential role of sex in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was described. It strengthens the need to include sex as a core variable in the clinical trial design of COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Chiara Montano ◽  
Luigi Auletta ◽  
Adelaide Greco ◽  
Dario Costanza ◽  
Pierpaolo Coluccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Dichotomous Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Ratios

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PRP with placebo or other treatments for horses with tenodesmic injuries or evaluated PRP effect on tendon and ligament explants were included. Outcomes were clinical, ultrasound, histologic, molecular evaluation, and adverse effects. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed each study’s risk of bias. Treatment effects were evaluated using risk ratios for dichotomous data, together with 95% CI. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE criteria. Twenty-four trials met inclusion criteria for systematic review, while fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed no significant differences in the outcomes between PRP and control groups. Finally, there is no definitive evidence that PRP enhances tendons and ligaments healing. Therefore, there is a need for more controlled trials to draw a firmer conclusion about the efficacy of PRP as a treatment for tenodesmic lesions in the horse.

scholarly journals Impact of treatment as usual on efficacy estimates of face-to-face and internet-based psychotherapy for depression: A pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Munder ◽  
Alessia Geisshüsler ◽  
Tobias Krieger ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Markus Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Treatment as usual (TAU) is the most frequently used control group in randomised trials of psychotherapy for depression and meta-analyses that summarise these trials. Concerns have been raised over imprecise and biased efficacy estimates because of substantial variability in the treatments provided in TAU. We set out to investigate the impact of the control group intensity (i.e., quantitative and qualitative aspects of treatments in control groups) on results of trials of psychotherapy for depression and confounding due to systematic differences in this intensity in trials of face-to-face (F2F) and internet-based (INT) psychotherapy.Methods: We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PsycINFO for systematic reviews of psychotherapy for depression from Jan 1, 2015 to Jan 3, 2020 and retrieved all references of trials included in these systematic reviews. We searched Cochrane’s Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO for randomised trials from Jan 1, 2018 to Jan 3, 2020. We included trials that compared (individual or group) F2F or (self-guided or guided) INT with TAU or waiting list (WL) in the acute treatment of patients with symptoms of unipolar depression. We excluded trials published before 2000. All information was extracted by two independent researchers. Six dichotomous indicators were used to create a score that expressed the intensity of TAU and WL. Primary outcome: Standardised mean differences (SMD) of treatment and control groups in depressive symptoms at treatment termination. SMDs were extracted from trial reports. A protocol was pre-registered with the Center for Open Science (www.osf.io/4mzyd).Findings: We included 89 eligible trials that randomised 14,474 patients to 113 eligible psychotherapy arms (8,284 patients) and 89 control arms (6,190 patients). TAU was used as control group in 42 trials (47.19%) and WL in 47 trials (52.81%). F2F was investigated in 37 trials (42.05%) and INT in 51 trials (57.95%). Intensity of control groups did not differ between F2F trials (M = 0.86, SD = 1.42) and INT trials (M = 0.39, SD = 0.63, p = .255). Intensity of control group was a significant predictor of trial results in the main analysis (one-sided p = .042), in pre-registered sensitivity analyses, and in all further exploratory analyses. Heterogeneity estimates were high (I2 = 69.30% to 95.37%). The final analysis found psychotherapy effects to be SMD = -0.287 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.483 to -0.091, one-sided p = .002, I2 = 76.13%) smaller in 24 trials with higher intensity TAU compared to 16 trials with lower intensity TAU. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that the variability of treatments in TAU influences the results of trials on psychotherapy for depression and is likely to introduce imprecision into meta-analyses of these trials. Source of funding: None

Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA) for the Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Anemia in Patients with Hemoglobin Levels (Hb) <11g/Dl- a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1305-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Paladini ◽  
Otavio Clark ◽  
Luciana Clark ◽  
Tobias Engel ◽  
Eneas Faleiros
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: Anemia is a frequent condition in patients receiving chemotherapy. ESA are effective to control this condition, but a recently published meta-analysis and warnings from regulatory agencies have pointed to a possible increase in mortality in these patients. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety of ESA when used according to label indications, that is, for patients with chemotherapy induced anemia (rather than cancer induced anemia) with Hb&lt;11g/dl. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing the use of ESA versus placebo (or no treatment) in patients with chemotherapy induced anemia, for whom ESAs where indicated if Hb dropped below 11g/dl. The primary end-point was mortality. We searched several databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and CENTRAL, among others. All suitable papers were retrived and data regarding the quality of the studies and mortality rates were extracted. Then, we performed a meta-analysis of these trials, using RevMan 5.0 software. Results: □There were 17 studies, with 3788 patients, meeting our inclusion criteria. There were 566 deaths among the 2208 patients that received ESA and 488 among the 1580 on control groups. The meta-analysis showed no increase in mortality rates associated with the use of ESA (Relative risk (RR) = 0.95; IC 95% 0.88 to 1.03; P=0.22). Also, there was no heterogeneity in the analysis (I2=0%), showing that the results were consistent among the studies. When we analised the Hb cut-off point in 10g/dl, the meta-analysis results were similar (RR=0.97; IC 95% 0.87 to 1.07; P 0.52; I2=0%). Conclusion: When used as indicated on label, that is, for patients with chemotherapy induced anemia with Hb&lt;11g/dl ESA are NOT associated with higher mortality rates and remain a safe option for these patients.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen in reduce the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cheol Chang ◽  
Sang Gyu Kwak ◽  
Jin-Sung Park ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract To test the hypothesis that aspirin, non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs), or acetaminophen can reduce the risk of ALS, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of related previous studies. A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS databases. It included studies published up to 29 February 2020 that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Aspirin, acetaminophen and NA-NSAIDs use information, between the ALS and control groups, was collected for the meta-analysis. Rates of aspirin, NA-NSAID, and acetaminophen use in ALS group, compared with control group were investigated. In the results, only three studies that relate the risk of ALS to aspirin, NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen use satisfied the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Regarding aspirin, the studies did not show any statistically significant difference in aspirin use between the ALS and control groups (Odds ratio, 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.21]). NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen use, however, did show up statistically significant differences in between the ALS and control groups. (Odds ratio, 0.82 [95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.91]) and (Odds ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.93]). However, our study has some limitations. Firstly, we only included a small number of studies. Secondly, the included studies did not control for past medical history, which may have confounded their results, and in turn, could have caused bias in our study. Thirdly, in this meta-analysis, the ALS patients were not subdivided into sporadic or familial type. Lastly, the studies also did not consider the types of NSAIDs and dosages used of each drug. For more convincing evidence regarding the effectiveness of aspirin, NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen to reduce the risk of ALS occurrence, more qualified prospective studies are required. In conclusion, the use of NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen is associated with a decreased risk for the development of ALS. In contrast, aspirin did not have any effect on the reduction of the risk of ALS occurrence.

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