scholarly journals Stemness specificity of epithelial cells – application of cell and tissue technology in regenerative medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rojewska ◽  
Małgorzata Popis ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
Dorota Bukowska ◽  
Paweł Antosik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epithelial Tissue

AbstractStem cells are cells that have the potential to replicate and/or differentiate, becoming any tissue. This process could be theoretically repeated indefinitely and can be used to create or fix damaged parts any organ. There are many in vivo factors that cause stem cells to replicate and differentiate. Many of these interactions and mechanisms are still unknown. In vitro models have been successful in inducing stem cells to differentiate into the desired lineage using controlled methods. Recently, epithelial tissue has been successfully created using scaffolds on which stem cells are grown in vitro and then transplanted into the host. This transition creates significant problems. This is because in vitro -grown stem cells or stem cell-derived tissues are created in an isolated environment where virtually every aspect can be monitored and controlled. In vivo monitoring and controlling is significantly more difficult for a plethora of reasons. Cells in the body are constantly exposed to many signals and molecules which affect them. Many of the mechanisms behind these interactions and reactions are known but many others are not. As the corpus of knowledge grows, stem cells become closer to being applied in a clinical setting. In this paper, we review the current evidence on stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine and some of the challenges this field faces.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Stem Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Kestane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Long Time

This overview was evaluated by the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the stem cell therapy approach. DR is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels leading to progressive loss of vision. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated and not completely understood yet. The current treatment strategies have included medical, laser, intravitreal, and surgical approaches. It is known that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which has a great potential, is promising for the treatment of many degenerative disorders, including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs were ameliorated retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem cell therapies show promise in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is very important to know which type of stem cell will be used in which situations, the amount of stem cells to be applied, the method of application, and its physiological/neurophysiological effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate this subject physiologically. After stem cell application, its safety and efficacy should be followed for a long time. In the near future, widespread application of regenerative stem cell therapy may be a standard treatment in DR.

scholarly journals Fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells restore ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting MT1

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxian Huang ◽  
Chunfeng Qian ◽  
Chenyue Ding ◽  
Qingxia Meng ◽  
Qinyan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

Abstract Background With the development of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technology, almost all stem cell therapy is efficacious for the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) animal models, whereas little stem cell therapy has been practiced in clinical settings. The underlying molecular mechanism and safety of stem cell treatment in POI are not fully understood. In this study, we explored whether fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) from the liver restore ovarian function and whether melatonin membrane receptor 1 (MT1) acts as a regulator for treating POI disease. Methods We designed an in vivo model (chemotherapy-induced ovary damage) and an in vitro model (human ovarian granulosa cells (hGCs)) to understand the efficacy and molecular cues of fMSC treatment of POI. Follicle development was observed by H&E staining. The concentration of sex hormones in serum (E2, AMH, and FSH) and the concentration of oxidative and antioxidative metabolites and the enzymes MDA, SOD, CAT, LDH, GR, and GPx were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry (FACS) was employed to detect the percentages of ROS and proliferation rates. mRNA and protein expression of antiapoptotic genes (SURVIVIN and BCL2), apoptotic genes (CASPASE-3 and CASPASE-9), and MT1 and its downstream genes (JNK1, PCNA, AMPK) were tested by qPCR and western blotting. MT1 siRNA and related antagonists were used to assess the mechanism. Results fMSC treatment prevented cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced follicle loss and recovered sex hormone levels. Additionally, fMSCs significantly decreased oxidative damage, increased oxidative protection, improved antiapoptotic effects, and inhibited apoptotic genes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, fMSCs also upregulated MT1, JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK at the mRNA and protein levels. With MT1 knockdown or antagonist treatment in normal hGCs, the protein expression of JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK and the percentage of proliferation were impaired. Conclusions fMSCs might play a crucial role in mediating follicular development in the POI mouse model and stimulating the activity of POI hGCs by targeting MT1.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke: A Systematic Review of Literature in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Zheng ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Pratik Y. Chhatbar ◽  
Yi Dong ◽  
Ali Alawieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Human Trials

Exogenous stem cell therapy (SCT) has been recognized recently as a promising neuroregenerative strategy to augment recovery in stroke survivors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the primary source of stem cells used in the majority of both pre-clinical and clinical studies in stroke. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines on the use of SCT in stroke patients, understanding the progress of MSC research across published studies will assist researchers and clinicians in better achieving success in translating research. We conducted a systematic review on published literature using MSCs in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials between 2008 and 2017 using the public databases PubMed and Ovid Medline, and the clinical trial registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ). A total of 78 pre-clinical studies and eight clinical studies were identified. While majority of the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated statistically significant effects, the clinical significance of these findings was still unclear. Effect sizes could not be measured mainly due to reporting issues in pre-clinical studies, thus limiting our ability to compare results across studies quantitatively. The overall quality of both pre-clinical and clinical studies was sub-optimal. By conducting a systematic review of both pre-clinical and clinical studies on MSCs therapy in stroke, we assessed the quality of current evidence and identified several issues and gaps in translating animal studies to human trials. Addressing these issues and incorporating changes into future animal studies and human trials may lead to better success of stem cells-based therapeutics in the near future.

scholarly journals Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms and Tracking of Transplanted Stem Cells: Implications for Stroke Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Honghong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

Stem cell therapy is a promising potential therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia in preclinical and clinical trials. Currently proposed treatments for stroke employing stem cells include the replacement of lost neurons and integration into the existing host circuitry, the release of growth factors to support and promote endogenous repair processes, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing proteins, noncoding RNA, or DNA to regulate gene expression in recipient cells and achieve immunomodulation. Progress has been made to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy and the homing, migration, distribution, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells in vivo using various imaging modalities. Noninvasive and safe tracer agents with high sensitivity and image resolution must be combined with long-term monitoring using imaging technology to determine the optimal therapy for stroke in terms of administration route, dosage, and timing. This review discusses potential therapeutic mechanisms of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of stroke and the limitations of current therapies. Methods to label transplanted cells and existing imaging systems for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Journey of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Homing: Strategies to Enhance Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Keun Kang ◽  
Il Seob Shin ◽  
Myung Soon Ko ◽  
Jung Youn Jo ◽  
Jeong Chan Ra
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) communicate with other cells in the human body and appear to “home” to areas of injury in response to signals of cellular damage, known as homing signals. This review of the state of current research on homing of MSCs suggests that favorable cellular conditions and thein vivoenvironment facilitate and are required for the migration of MSCs to the site of insult or injuryin vivo. We review the current understanding of MSC migration and discuss strategies for enhancing both the environmental and cellular conditions that give rise to effective homing of MSCs. This may allow MSCs to quickly find and migrate to injured tissues, where they may best exert clinical benefits resulting from improved homing and the presence of increased numbers of MSCs.

scholarly journals Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging of Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Santoso ◽  
Phillip C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Stem cell therapy has broad applications in regenerative medicine and increasingly within cardiovascular disease. Stem cells have emerged as a leading therapeutic option for many diseases and have broad applications in regenerative medicine. Injuries to the heart are often permanent due to the limited proliferation and self-healing capability of cardiomyocytes; as such, stem cell therapy has become increasingly important in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive efforts to optimize cardiac stem cell therapy, challenges remain in the delivery and monitoring of cells injected into the myocardium. Other fields have successively used nanoscience and nanotechnology for a multitude of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, targeted imaging, hyperthermia, and tissue repair. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely employed for molecular and cellular imaging. In this mini-review, we focus on the application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeting and monitoring of stem cells for the treatment of myocardial infarctions.

scholarly journals ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMMED REGARDING COLLECTION OF CORD BLOOD FOR STEM CELL THERAPY AT BRAM HOSPITAL OF RAIPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Tripti Goarya ◽  
◽  
Chandrakala Janghel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cord Blood Collection

The stem cells, derived from the cord blood are hematopoietic stem cells. These have immense potential in curing blood related disorders like blood cancers, thalassemia etc. These can be useful in treating tissue related disorders of heart, bone, spinal cord etc. Stem cells are characterized by the ability to renew through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Stem Cells are the basic building blocks of the body and have the potential to replenish other cells and give rise to number of tissues which constitute different organs. To conduct the study, 60 antenatal mothers are selected the age range of subjects was 21 to 40 years. The need for the study arises after knowing those antenatal mothers were unaware and having inadequate knowledge regarding cord blood collection for stem cell therapy. The above facts created an interest to conduct a structured teaching programme to assess its effectiveness on knowledge and attitude of antenatal mother on cord blood collection for stem cell therapy. The pretest, the mean score of knowledge is 13.2 mean % is 50.7, & attitude is 31.58, mean % 63.16, the post test the mean score of knowledge is 18.1, mean % is 69.65. Attitude 38.05, mean % 76.1.

scholarly journals A REPORT ON STEM CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Shantha A R
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
The Cost

Stem cells are the building blocks of life. They have remarkable potential to regenerate and develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They are also a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to be differentiated into specialized cells types. Stem cells are characterized by certain features such as totipotency, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotent and unipotency. The history of stem cell research had an embryonic beginning in the mid 1800s with the discovery that few cells could generate other cells. In the 1900s the first stem cells were discovered when it was found that cells generate blood cells. Nowadays, stem cell therapy is under research and till now, a very few stem cell therapies have been regarded as safe and successful. It is also found that stem cell therapy cast a number of side effects too. The cost of the procedure too is expensive and is not easily affordable.

Experimental study on co-culture of DiI labeled rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and polycaprolactone film in vitro to make a cell patch

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhang Zichang ◽  
Zhou Fan ◽  
Zheng Jianwei ◽  
Mu Junsheng ◽  
Bo Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: In stem cell therapy, due to the lack of an effective carrier, a large number of transplanted stem cells are lost and die. Therefore, finding a suitable carrier has become a further direction of stem cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: In research on the co-culture of polycaprolactone (PCL) with 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), we observe the effect of materials on the growth and proliferation of DiI labeled stem cells, and the effect of DiI labeling on patch preparation, so as to find a kind of biomaterial suitable for the growth and proliferation of BMSCs, and find a suitable cell carrier for stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction and in vivo tracing. METHODS: Clean grade Sprague Dawley rats were selected as experimental objects, BMSCs were isolated and cultured, and the surface markers were identified by flow cytometry. After the BMSCs were cultured for 3 passages, the BMSCs were stained with DiI dye, and the BMSCs DiI and PCL biomaterial film were co-cultured. After 24 hours, the cell growth was observed under fluorescence microscope, and fixed for scanning under electron microscope. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 at 1, 4, 7, 10 days of culture. The measurement data conforming to normal distribution are expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation (X¯± s). One way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, LSD analysis was used for pairwise comparison. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). RESULTS: BMSCs were strongly positive for CD90, CD44H, but negative for CD11b/c, CD45. Under fluorescence microscope, BMSCs DiI showed red light, fusiform or polygonal. Under the scanning electron microscope, the cell patch formed by co-culture of PCL film and DiI-BMSCs had a large number of cells on the surface and normal cell state. CCK-8 assay showed that the OD value on the first day was 0.330 ± 0.025; The OD value was 0.620 ± 0.012 on the 4th day, 1.033 ± 0.144 on the 7th day and 1.223 ± 0.133 on the 10th day. There was significant difference among the time points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cell patch made of PCL film and DiI labeled BMSCs can survive and proliferate on the surface, so it can be used as a scaffold material for stem cell therapy in vivo.

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