scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster research: history, breakthrough and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Popis ◽  
Blanka Borowiec ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Drosophila Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Science

AbstractThe common fruit fly, or Drosophila Melanogaster, has been used as an object of biomedicals studies for over a century. It has been mostly employed in genetic research, as it exhibits several advantages which make its use relatively easy and cheap, with the results widely translatable into further vertebrate studies. This model been the basis of the work of Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, who together with Eric Wieschaus unravelled much of the mystery surrounding early drosophila development in the 1970s-1980s, laying foundations for broader understanding of multicellular organism embryogenesis, which brought them a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1995. The knowledge gained from drosophila studies improves the basic understanding of developmental processes, while the model itself is relatively easy to maintain, analyse and translate the results onto other species. While models such as Zebrafish present better with other vertebrates, drosophila remains a very important element of genetic research, finding even more applications with the development of current science and medicine. Hence, in this short review, the outline of the history, breakthroughs and perspectives of the drosophila research has been presented.

A concave microwell array fabricated using the ommatidium of the common fruit fly for efficient cell culture

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (69) ◽  
pp. 64266-64270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Shravage ◽  
Shefali Ramteke ◽  
Prasad Kulkarni ◽  
Dhananjay Bodas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Microwell Array ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Mcf 7

Top left: SEM of compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster replica in PDMS. Bottom left: SEM of MCF-7 cell grown in the micro well. Bottom right: confocal of the MCF-7 cells grown for 72 h.

(S)-2-Pentyl (R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoate, a Banana Volatile and Its Olfactory Recognition by the Common Fruit Fly,Drosophila melanogaster

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Mowat ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
Grigori Khaskin ◽  
Gerhard Gries ◽  
Robert Britton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olfactory Recognition ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals The value of interdisciplinary research: lessons from the 2017 Nobel Prize in chronobiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and doctors working in medical schools, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review will highlight critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.

scholarly journals Mechanism of circadian clock. The 2017 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

Kosmos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Daily Rhythms

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and medical doctors, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review highlights critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster: A Powerful Tiny Animal Model for the Study of Metabolic Hepatic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen C. M. Moraes ◽  
Jacques Montagne
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Animal experimentation is limited by unethical procedures, time-consuming protocols, and high cost. Thus, the development of innovative approaches for disease treatment based on alternative models in a fast, safe, and economic manner is an important, yet challenging goal. In this paradigm, the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a powerful model for biomedical research, considering its short life cycle and low-cost maintenance. In addition, biological processes are conserved and homologs of ∼75% of human disease-related genes are found in the fruit-fly. Therefore, this model has been used in innovative approaches to evaluate and validate the functional activities of candidate molecules identified via in vitro large-scale analyses, as putative agents to treat or reverse pathological conditions. In this context, Drosophila offers a powerful alternative to investigate the molecular aspects of liver diseases, since no effective therapies are available for those pathologies. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic hepatic dysfunctions, which may progress to the development of chronic hepatitis and ultimately to cirrhosis, thereby increasing the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This deleterious situation reinforces the use of the Drosophila model to accelerate functional research aimed at deciphering the mechanisms that sustain the disease. In this short review, we illustrate the relevance of using the fruit-fly to address aspects of liver pathologies to contribute to the biomedical area.

scholarly journals Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Sophie Layalle ◽  
Laetitia They ◽  
Sarah Ourghani ◽  
Cédric Raoul ◽  
Laurent Soustelle
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Fused In Sarcoma ◽  
Drosophila Research ◽  
Inherited Mutations ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Quantitative investigation reveals distinct phases in Drosophila sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Xu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Binghui Tian ◽  
Xiuwen Sui ◽  
Weilai Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for the molecular and genetic dissection of sleeping behaviors. However, most previous studies were based on qualitative or semi-quantitative characterizations. Here we quantified sleep in flies. We set up an assay to continuously track the activity of flies using infrared camera, which monitored the movement of tens of flies simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. We obtained accurate statistics regarding the rest and sleep patterns of single flies. Analysis of our data has revealed a general pattern of rest and sleep: the rest statistics obeyed a power law distribution and the sleep statistics obeyed an exponential distribution. Thus, a resting fly would start to move again with a probability that decreased with the time it has rested, whereas a sleeping fly would wake up with a probability independent of how long it had slept. Resting transits to sleeping at time scales of minutes. Our method allows quantitative investigations of resting and sleeping behaviors and our results provide insights for mechanisms of falling into and waking up from sleep.

scholarly journals Contrasting Histories of Three Gene Regions Associated With In(3L)Payne of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Hasson ◽  
Walter F Eanes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Distal Breakpoint ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neutrality Tests ◽  
Hsp83 Gene

In the present report, we studied nucleotide variation in three gene regions of Drosophila melanogaster, spanning >5 kb and showing different degrees of association with the cosmopolitan inversion In(3-L)Payne. The analysis of sequence variation in the regions surrounding the breakpoints and the heat shock 83 (Hsp83) gene locus, located close to the distal breakpoint, revealed the absence of shared polymorphisms and the presence of a number of fixed differences between arrangements, indicating absence of genetic exchange. In contrast, for the esterase-6 gene region, located in the center of the inversion, we observed the presence of shared polymorphisms between arrangements suggesting genetic exchange. In the regions close to the breakpoints, the common St arrangement is 10 times more polymorphic than inverted chromosomes. We propose that the lack of recombination between arrangements in these regions coupled with genetic hitchhiking is the best explanation for the low heterozygosity observed in inverted lines. Using the data for the breakpoints, we estimate that this inversion polymorphism is around 0.36 million yr old. Although it is widely accepted that inversions are examples of balanced polymorphisms, none of the current neutrality tests including our Monte Carlo simulations showed significant departure from neutral expectations.

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