The Method of Predicting the Extent of Changes in the Performance Characteristics of Residential Buildings

AbstractAccordingly to recommendations set out by standards, degradation curves which will serve as a tool facilitating decision-making regarding renovation works ought to be developed. The article presents the proposal of a model for predicting the aging of a residential building. The proposed PRRD (Prediction of Reliability According to Rayleigh Distribution) model determines the performance characteristics of a building over the full period of its use. PRRD accounts for the life spans of individual building components. Additionally introduced in the model were supplements accounting for the intensity of changes in the building and its surroundings. The developed method of the non-linear degradation process of a building accounts for the role and weights of individual building components as well as the intensity of significant factors influencing the aging process. The presented methodology of the description of changes in the performance characteristics over the course of using a building will be a diagnostic process of predicting the technical state of a building. The proposed predictions can serve as the basis for making the right strategic decisions when planning renovation works in residential buildings.

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Value of Technical Wear and Costs of Restoring Performance Characteristics to Residential Buildings

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings10010009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Beata Nowogońska ◽

Jacek Korentz

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Functional Condition ◽

Rayleigh Distribution ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Maintenance Management ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Partial Restoration ◽

Time Period ◽

Decision Making Processes

Each building, over the course of subsequent years of use, undergoes wear, with a deterioration of its technical condition. As a result of this, the performance characteristics of a building decrease with the passing of time, with their complete or partial restoration requiring repair and renovation works to be carried out. It is the task of real estate managers or owners to maintain the building in a non-deteriorating technical and functional condition. In order to preserve the technical and functional condition of a building at an adequate level, methodological support of decision-making processes pertaining to the conducting of rational maintenance management is necessary. The present article presents a proposal of a model allowing for the accurate assessment of the costs of renovation and repair works on a building at a given stage of its use, and their relationship with the value of the technical wear of the building in the same time period. Residential buildings constructed using traditional technology were subjected to analysis. In the carried out analysis, temporal methods applied for calculating the level of technical wear were applied, with the PRRD (prediction of reliability according to Rayleigh distribution) model of changes in the performance characteristics applied to determine the costs of renovation works necessary for restoring performance characteristics to the building.

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Improving the Sustainability of Traditional Dwellings in Yunnan, China: Seismic Resistance Testing of Wood-frame and Earth-Built Wall Dwellings

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11040977 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 977 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Bai ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Adrian Pitts ◽

Yun Gao ◽

Wenfeng Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Shaking Table ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Construction Technology ◽

Seismic Capacity ◽

Future Design ◽

Earthquakes In China ◽

Building Components ◽

Wood Frame

The Southwest provinces of China are locations with a rich variety of different dwelling design typologies based on traditional cultures and ethnic groups. In this area, the Province of Yunnan has many such dwelling types, and it is also an area with most frequent earthquakes in China. The seismic problems of housing structure must therefore be solved as part of the study on sustainable development of villages to provide relevant advice for future design options. This paper reports research, which evolved over a ten-year period that deals with the seismic capacity of residential buildings. Simulations using shaking table tests were carried out to assess the performance of traditional residential structures as well with the impacts of material modifications and the structural strengthening of common residential building components found in Yunnan. Relevant and pertinent construction technology solutions that could enhance the seismic capacity of residential buildings and act as innovative improvements for the sustainability of rural dwellings are suggested.

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The Performance of Daylight through Various Windows for Residential Buildings

Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies ◽

10.21834/aje-bs.v3i6.247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 169-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharifah Nor Fairuz Syed Husin ◽

Zarina Yasmin Hanur Harith

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Publishing House ◽

Residential Building ◽

Illumination Level ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Major Significance ◽

International Publishing ◽

The Right ◽

Open Access Article

A good daylighting strategy is necessary in order to decrease energy consumption for artificial lighting. To provide effective internal illumination, the placing of the right openings in the right positions with suitable type of window and glazing is important. This study focused on the various types and materials of the glass and window, in order to identify the quantity and quality of daylight that penetrates into the residential buildings. Based on a series of measurement, it was identified that type of glazing and window gives major significance on the performance of daylight and thermal performance in residential buildings. Keywords windows; illumination level; residential building; occupant’s perception. eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Radiant Conditioning Retrofitting for Residential Buildings

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15020449 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Hung Q. Do ◽

Mark B. Luther ◽

Mehdi Amirkhani ◽

Zheng Wang ◽

Igor Martek

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Efficient Solutions ◽

Time Lags ◽

Building Stock ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

The Hours ◽

Residential Building Stock ◽

Building Components

In order to achieve Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets, a majority of the existing residential building stock in Australia will require retrofitting in favour of energy-efficient solutions. This paper considers retrofitting for conditioning to be one of the most straightforward and offers the greatest potential to deliver significant comfort and energy-saving results. Radiant conditioning systems are not new, yet some game-changing innovations have taken place over the last decade that may require an entire paradigm shift in the manner we condition our buildings. The reiteration of the principle ‘thermally active systems’ suggests that our buildings need to accommodate these systems into the fabric of building components. However, extremely few products and/or innovative solutions for doing such seem to be provided by the industry. We seem incompetent with solutions that are not costing the Earth, insulating, lightweight, and offering an instant response time to conditioning. We still have the concept embedded in our minds that radiative systems consist of heavy ‘combat’ construction with time lags of a day or two and that they are very costly to implement, especially if we are to retrofit a project. The purpose of this paper is to rectify and change our understanding of radiant systems, namely through a review of the existing technology and its recent advancements. It intends to introduce the fact that radiant systems can become highly reactive, responsive, and thermally dynamic conditioning systems. Lightweight radiant systems can be 40% more energy-efficient than common air conditioners and can respond in less than 15 min rather than in the hours required of heavy radiant systems. Thus, an insulated, lightweight radiant system is ideal for retrofitting residential buildings. Furthermore, this paper supports and introduces various systems suited to retrofitting a residential building with hydronic radiant systems.

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Performance Characteristics of Buildings in the Assessment of Revitalization Needs

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports ◽

10.2478/ceer-2019-0009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Nowogońska

Keyword(s):

Aging Process ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Historical Buildings ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Initial Stage

Abstract Performance characteristics are an indicator of both, the technical as well as aesthetic state of buildings. Aesthetic needs are in disagreement with the merciless aging process. The beauty of a city is formed not only by the original forms of new residential buildings, but also by existing tenement housing; thus preserving their aesthetics becomes a necessity. One of the most important problems connected with using any building, but especially a residential building, is ensuring an adequate technical condition. Process of revitalization of residential buildings is connected with familiarity with the technical problems of passing. However, the secret of lasting is found, above all, in the propagation of aesthetics. The diagnosis of the technical condition is an initial stage of renovating historical buildings. Conclusions drawn from the diagnosis are a basis for planning revitalization works.

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ANALYSIS OF THE HABITABILITY OF PELAMBUAN RESIDENTIAL AREA, WEST BANJARMASIN

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 587-601

Author(s):

Erika Zeannyta ◽

Aqli Mursadin

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Residential Building ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Residential Area ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Environmental Aspect ◽

Building Components ◽

Privately Owned

One of the residential areas that have a densely populated settlement is Pelambuan Village, West Banjarmasin. Pelambuan Village is a slum area with medium and low categories. Rapid population growth also affects the growth of illegal residential buildings on land that is not privately owned. From several settlement conditions formed in Pelambuan Village, it is necessary to analyze residential buildings and settlement areas formed based on three physical aspects: building, environmental, and legal aspects. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect habitability and degradation of environmental quality and perform analysis to determine a treatment plan that needs to be taken for occupancy and problematic areas occupancy can meet the requirements habitability. Analysis and distribution of questionnaires provided several factors that affect the decline in the quality of habitability of buildings and residential areas. From the building aspect, it was found that what caused the residential building to be declared quite feasible with repairs was the condition of the building, which was quite good. However, it needed repairs to several building components, and on the environmental aspect, the factors that made the Pelambuan residential area decreased in quality were the irregularity of the building and inadequate infrastructure. In legality, the problem factor is buildings that stand illegally on the company and government land. Research results are given based on aspects that include, for the building aspect is the addition, repair, and change of the appearance of the building. It is planned to repair, procure, and replace parts of roads in the environmental aspect. It is planned to tighten supervision on licensing and supervision of building construction.

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Analysis of the Repair Time of Finishing Works Using a Probabilistic Approach for Efficient Residential Buildings Maintenance Strategies

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12443

Author(s):

Youngduk Cho ◽

Sanghyo Lee ◽

Joosung Lee ◽

Jaejun Kim

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Residential Building ◽

Repair Time ◽

Probabilistic Methods ◽

Maintenance Strategies ◽

Building Components ◽

The Republic ◽

Maintenance Plan

In general, the long-term maintenance planning of residential buildings is performed based on uniform repair times. However, in fact, various factors, such as the quality and user patterns, affect the performance of residential building components in the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase. Hence, various residential building components are repaired at uncertain times, acting as a risk for the residential building maintenance plan. Therefore, an efficient maintenance plan should be established considering maintenance uncertainty. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the uncertainty of repair times for various finishing works in residential buildings based on a probabilistic methodology and outline the implications for the establishment of efficient maintenance strategies in these buildings. Hence, 47,344 repair data for 63 buildings in 12 public residential building complexes completed between 1991 and 2001 in the Republic of Korea were used for analysis. Before the analysis, a repair time matrix was constructed by classifying the finishing works in 25 types and setting service life times to 6–26 years. The repair time distribution for each finishing work was then derived. Results confirmed that basic repair time setting can be performed and various information for reasonable maintenance decision making regarding each finishing work can be provided through a probabilistic approach. The probabilistic approach can be used as a critical decision-making method because there is uncertainty associated with the repair time of each finishing work owing to the performance degradations of various finishing works due to complex causes. Although this study focused on repair time owing to data collection limitations, maintenance strategies with strategic flexibility can be established by developing probabilistic methods that simultaneously consider frequency and cost by securing additional high-quality cost data.

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Acute abdomen in pregnancy: a retrospective study of pregnant patients hospitalised for abdominal pain

Perspectives in Surgery ◽

10.33699/pis.2020.99.3.131-135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 131-135

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

University Hospital ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Abdominal Emergency ◽

Lower Abdominal Quadrant ◽

Abdominal Emergencies ◽

The Right ◽

Abdominal Quadrant ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction: Abdominal emergencies occur in pregnant women with the rate of 1:500−635 pregnancies. Such conditions usually develop from full health and worsen rapidly. Symptoms are often similar to those in physiological pregnancy (abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation). The diagnostic process is thus difficult and both the mother and her child are at risk. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of abdominal emergencies in the Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen and to consider their impact on pregnancy and on the newborn. Methods: We acquired a set of patients by retrograde collection of data. We searched for pregnant patients suspected of developing an abdominal emergency admitted to the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated a number of clinical signs to statistically describe the set. Results: The set included 121 patients; 42 of the patients underwent a surgical procedure and 79 received conservative treatment. 38 patients underwent appendectomy; 6 appendixes were with no pathologies. McBurney’s incision was an approach of choice in most cases. The most frequent symptom was pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. The foetus has been lost in none of the cases. Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent abdominal emergency in our set and also the most frequent reason for surgical intervention. The most specific sign was pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. No impact of appendicitis or appendectomy on the health of the newborn has been observed. Even though abdominal emergencies in pregnancy are relatively rare, the results of the department are very good.

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Tenants' Satisfaction in High Residential Building

Built Environment Journal ◽

10.24191/bej.v17i1.5041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

UMMU SHOLEHAH MOHD NOR

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Low Cost ◽

Residential Building ◽

Real Estate Market ◽

The Real Estate ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Considerable Impact ◽

Residential Living ◽

Medium Cost

High residential living in Malaysia has not been widely given a significant emphasises in literature despite its increasing scale and significance in the real estate market. The significance of high rise is mainly due the increasing rate of migration from rural to urban. It is estimated a total of 77.2 percent of the Malaysian population lived in urban areas in 2020. Approximately, 30 percent of this urban population lives in strata housing. These percentages are predicted to continue to increase in the future. The emergence of high residential building has been argued as confronting various problems which has considerable impact on this life style. Satisfaction is an important outcome of living in one’s dwelling, although it is not the only consideration. High residential building in Malaysia encountered numerous problems in term of management aspects, legislation aspects, and residents’ satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tenants’ satisfaction living in high residential buildings in Klang Valley. The questionnaires survey is conducted amongst 276 tenants at low cost and medium cost HRB using random sampling in HRB located at areas under jurisdiction Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS) and Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ). The result from this study shows that tenant in medium cost residential building are more satisfied in term of facilities and management as compared to tenants in low cost residential building. Tenants also not disclosed to the existing act and procedure related to high residential building. In conclusion, this study suggested the Local Authority to emphasise the role of tenant. These recommendation hopefully will increase the level of satisfaction amongst the residents in HRB.

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Alteration within the Hippocampal Volume in Patients with LHON Disease—7 Tesla MRI Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Cezary Grochowski ◽

Kamil Jonak ◽

Marcin Maciejewski ◽

Andrzej Stępniewski ◽

Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

7 Tesla ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

The Right

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the volumetry of the hippocampus in the Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) of blind patients. Methods: A total of 25 patients with LHON were randomly included into the study from the national health database. A total of 15 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The submillimeter segmentation of the hippocampus was based on three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in steady state (3D-SPGR) BRAVO 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that compared to healthy controls (HC), LHON subjects had multiple significant differences only in the right hippocampus, including a significantly higher volume of hippocampal tail (p = 0.009), subiculum body (p = 0.018), CA1 body (p = 0.002), hippocampal fissure (p = 0.046), molecular layer hippocampus (HP) body (p = 0.014), CA3 body (p = 0.006), Granule Cell (GC) and Molecular Layer (ML) of the Dentate Gyrus (DG)–GC ML DG body (p = 0.003), CA4 body (p = 0.001), whole hippocampal body (p = 0.018), and the whole hippocampus volume (p = 0.023). Discussion: The ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging allowed hippocampus quality visualization and analysis, serving as a powerful in vivo diagnostic tool in the diagnostic process and LHON disease course assessment. The study confirmed previous reports regarding volumetry of hippocampus in blind individuals.

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