scholarly journals Identification of biodegradation products of biphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-DHB)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavomíra Murínová ◽  
Katarína Dercová ◽  
Peter Tarábek ◽  
Peter Tölgyessy
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Dienoic Acid ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fission Rate ◽  
Transformation Pathway ◽  
Biphenyl Degradation

Abstract We investigated the degradation of biphenyl and identified main degradation products. Biphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-DHB) was added to cultivation media to identify whole collection of degradation products of four bacterial strains isolated from long-term PCB contaminated soil (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and Pseudomonas stutzeri) and long-term PCB contaminated sediment (Ochrobactrum anthropi and Pseudomonas veronii). Cultivation flasks were processed in different time after inoculation to determine biphenyl fission rate. Alcaligenes xylosoxidans was revealed as the most appropriate strain for bioremediation process with the highest biphenyl transformation rate. Biphenyl degradation led to the formation of benzoic acid. However, as the presence of 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhex-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) was not confirmed, the transformation pathway common for many other bacteria is probably modified.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-furfural and Furan Derivatives

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Igeño ◽  
Rubén Sánchez-Clemente ◽  
Ana G. Población ◽  
M. Isabel Guijo ◽  
Faustino Merchán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Furan Ring ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Furan Derivatives ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Lignocellulose Hydrolysates

Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are degradation products of lignocellulose during pretreatment operations. Furfural compounds are a group of chemical compounds whose common thread is an aldehyde group attached to a furan ring, and they constitute a problem for the development of second-generation biofuels because they act as fermentation inhibitors of the lignocellulose hydrolysates. Up to date, very few bacteria have been described to be able to eliminate them. The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize bacterial strains able to use, as the sole carbon source, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural (HMF) and furan derivatives.

scholarly journals Rhizobium oryzicola sp. nov., potential plant-growth-promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from rice roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 2931-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Ju-Sheng Gao ◽  
Yan-Hua Cao ◽  
Rizwan Ali Sheirdil ◽  
Xiu-Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Astragalus Sinicus ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Bacterial strains ZYY136T and ZYY9 were isolated from surface-sterilized rice roots from a long-term experiment of rice–rice–Astragalus sinicus rotation. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains ZYY136T and ZYY9 showed the highest similarity, of 97.0  %, to Rhizobium tarimense PL-41T. Sequence analysis of the housekeeping genes recA, thrC and atpD clearly differentiated the isolates from currently described species of the genus Rhizobium. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between ZYY136T and ZYY9 was 82.3  %, and ZYY136T showed 34.0  % DNA–DNA relatedness with the most closely related type strain, R. tarimense PL-41T. The DNA G+C content of strain ZYY136T was 58.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 3-OH. Strains ZYY136T and ZYY9 could be differentiated from the previously defined species of the genus Rhizobium by several phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, we conclude that strains ZYY136T and ZYY9 represent a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium oryzicola sp. nov. is proposed (type strain ZYY136T = ACCC 05753T = KCTC 32088T).

Precise quantification of bacterial strains after fecal microbiota transplantation delineates long-term engraftment and explains outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Aggarwala ◽  
Ilaria Mogno ◽  
Zhihua Li ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Graham J. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Precise Quantification

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Shilajit (Asphaltum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Shahid Aziz ◽  
Sidra Khaliq ◽  
Habib Ur-Rehman ◽  
Kh. Shakeel Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p>Shilajit (asphaltum)  is produced  by the long term humification  of dead plant material  and organic vegetable matter  by different micro-organisms and has great potential for the treatment of a variety of human conditions.  This treatise reviews its origin, sources, chemical composition, biological  and  commercial importance. Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to evaluate  different Shilajit (asphaltum) classes of compounds in different samples of shilajit  which are responsible for their  biological activity.  Shilajit`s anti-microbial activity has been evaluated  against four different bacterial strains viz., <em>Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa</em>, <em>Klebisella pneumonia</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>Phytochemical analysis illustrated  that shilajit contains  terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. Surprisingly,  some classes of compounds are absent in shilajit  viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. . Shilajit showed no response towards halophytic bacteria and  negligible activity was shown towards other strains of bacteria. Since   anti-microbial activity is based on environmental factors  its activity varied  between locations.</p>

scholarly journals Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Laura Chiriac ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Iuiana Paun ◽  
Florinela Pirvu ◽  
Toma Galaon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Salmonella Thyphimurium ◽  
Organic Uv Filters

Abstract Organic UV-filters, including 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), are persistent emerging contaminants whose presence in the environment poses a threat to aquatic organisms due to their endocrine disruptor’s properties. For this reason, finding suitable technological processes for their safety and efficient removal from the environment represent a priority for the scientific community. To the author’s knowledge, until now, there are no studies reporting the biodegradation of 4-HBP and BP-1 by a single bacteria strain. In this paper, there were tested the 4-HBP and BP-1 biodegradation potential of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and two Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia rubidae). The 4-HPB biodegradation process was observed only in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Thus, the biodegradation rates of 4-HBP reached up to 12.7% after 24h of incubation in presence of Salmonella thyphimurium and up to 24.0% after 24h of incubation with Serratia rubidae. Staphylococcus aureus was able to biodegrade 26.7% of BP-1, while Salmonella thiphymurium was able to biodegrade 14.7% of BP-1 after 24h of incubation. Their biodegradation products generated during the 4-HBP biodegradation process by Serratia rubidae were analyzed through LC-MS/MS analysis. The (bio)degradation products were benzophenone and a multi-hydroxylated derivative of 4-HBP and the degradation pathways were proposed. The data obtained in this study gave important information regarding the 4-HBP and BP-1 potential biodegradation by single bacterial strains.

Stability and epimerisation behaviour of ergot alkaloids in various solvents

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hafner ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
R. Schuhmacher ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extraction Mixture ◽  
Term Storage

In this paper the stability and degree of epimerisation of six major ergot alkaloids at three different temperature levels (-20 °C, +4 °C and +20 °C) over periods of 18 hours and six weeks is reported for the first time. The behaviour of ergometrine, ergocornine, ergocristine, α-ergocryptine, ergosine and ergotamine was thoroughly studied in seven solvents which are employed for the preparation of calibrants and extraction mixtures, respectively. Moreover, the stability of the ergot alkaloids was tested in different cereal extracts (rye, wheat, barley, oats) for 1, 2 and 6 days. Of the toxins tested, the ergopeptide-type toxins ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, α-ergocryptine and ergocristine showed similar behaviour patterns. The simple lysergic acid derivative ergometrine was more stable and showed hardly any epimerisation to ergometrinine, with the sum of both epimers remaining constant in all seven solvents. The ergopeptides tested show variable epimerisation tendencies, and were also less stable during six weeks at 20 °C. Ergosine showed the highest degree of epimerisation (43% after 6 weeks at 20 °C). In general, the order of epimerisation promotion was methanol/dichloromethane > acetonitrile/buffer > extraction mix > stabilising solution > acetonitrile >> chloroform. Long-term storage at room temperature can only be carried out in chloroform, which showed no epimerisation for all toxins even at 20 °C and also kept the sum of R and S forms constant, which indicates no formation of aci-epimers or other degradation products. Long-term storage of ergot alkaloids in acetonitrile, the most convenient solvent with respect to HPLC analysis, should be carried out at temperatures of -20 °C or below. The constant epimer ratio of all ergot alkaloids in the extraction mixture acetonitrile/ammonium carbonate buffer (200 mg/l; 92:8, v/v) during an HPLC run (18 hours) demonstrates the stability of the toxins in this extraction mixture.

scholarly journals Raising Beet Tolerance to Salinity through Bioaugmentation with Halotolerant Endophytes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Sonia Szymańska ◽  
Jarosław Tyburski ◽  
Agnieszka Piernik ◽  
Marcin Sikora ◽  
Justyna Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
New Host ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing land salinization in recent decades has led to a decrease in crop productivity worldwide. We hypothesized that bioaugmentation of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) with halotolerant endophytic bacterial strains isolated from the obligatory halophytic plant Salicornia europaea L. may mitigate salt stress in new host plants. Therefore, we investigated the effects of inoculation with Pseudomonas stutzeri ISE12 or Kushneria marisflavi CSE9 on B. vulgaris growth in substrates enriched with various NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300 mM). The results of this study indicated that bioaugmentation with either bacteria resulted in improved growth parameters and increased chlorophyll content, as well as decreased proline and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, in B. vulgaris organs. However, K. marisflavi CSE9 was more efficient in achieving salt stress mitigation than P. stutzeri ISE12. In conclusion, the range of salinity tolerance seems to be a key parameter in the selection of strains for beet inoculation. The selected halotolerant endophytes (P. stutzeri ISE12 and K. marisflavi CSE9) isolated from the roots of obligatory halophytic S. europaea may be employed for plant growth promotion, especially in saline areas, and have potential applications in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Qualifying the T-2 Toxin-Degrading Properties of Seven Microbes with Zebrafish Embryo Microinjection Method

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Edina Garai ◽  
Anita Risa ◽  
Emese Varga ◽  
Mátyás Cserháti ◽  
Balázs Kriszt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Mycotoxin Degradation

T-2 mycotoxin degradation and detoxification efficiency of seven bacterial strains were investigated with zebrafish microinjection method in three steps ((1) determination of mycotoxin toxicity baseline, (2) examination of bacterial metabolites toxicity, (3) identification of degradation products toxicity). Toxicity of T-2 was used as a baseline of toxic effects, bacterial metabolites of strains as control of bacterial toxicity and degradation products of toxin as control of biodegradation were injected into one-cell stage embryos in the same experiment. The results of in vivo tests were checked and supplemented with UHPLC-MS/MS measurement of T-2 concentration of samples. Results showed that the Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 strain was the only one of the seven tested (R. gordoniae AK38, R. ruber N361, R. coprophilus N774, R. rhodochrous NI2, R. globerulus N58, Gordonia paraffinivorans NZS14), which was appropriated to criteria all aspects (bacterial and degradation metabolites of strains caused lower toxicity effects than T-2, and strains were able to degrade T-2 mycotoxin). Bacterial and degradation metabolites of the NI1 strain caused slight lethal and sublethal effects on zebrafish embryos at 72- and 120-h postinjection. Results demonstrated that the three-step zebrafish microinjection method is well-suited to the determination and classification of different bacterial strains by their mycotoxin degradation and detoxification efficiency.

Biological Significance of Reducing Glucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Wieslander ◽  
Torbjörn Linden ◽  
Barbara Musi ◽  
Ola Carlsson ◽  
Reinhold Deppisch
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Glucose Degradation Products ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Carbohydrates are not stable when exposed to energy; they degrade into new molecules. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids, degradation of glucose occurs during the heat sterilization procedure. The biological consequences of this degradation are side effects such as impaired proliferation and impaired host defense mechanisms, demonstrated in vitro for a great variety of cells. Several highly toxic compounds—such as formaldehyde and 3-deoxyglucosone—have been identified in PD fluids. Carbonyl compounds, apart from being cytotoxic, are also well-known promoters of irreversible advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which might participate in the long-term remodeling of the peritoneal membrane. Various approaches can be used to reduce the formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during heat sterilization. Some examples are shortening the sterilization time, lowering the pH, removing catalyzing substances, and increasing glucose concentration. The latter three factors are employed in the multi-compartment bag with a separate chamber containing pure glucose at high concentration and low pH. Gambrosol trio, a PD fluid produced in this way, shows reduced cytotoxicity, normalized host defense reactions, less AGE formation, and reduced concentrations of formaldehyde and 3-deoxyglucosone. Moreover, in the clinical situation, the fluid turns out to be more biocompatible for the patient, causing less mesothelial cell damage, which in the long term could lead to a more intact peritoneal membrane. Conclusion Glucose degradation products in heat-sterilized fluids for peritoneal dialysis are cytotoxic, promote AGE formation, and cause negative side effects for the patient. Using improved and well-controlled manufacturing processes, it is possible to produce sterile PD fluids with glucose as the osmotic agent but without the negative side effects related to GDPs.

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