scholarly journals The Operational Drought Hazard Assessment Scheme – Performance and Preliminary Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Tokarczyk ◽  
Wiwiana Szalińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Drought Prediction ◽  
Hydrological System

Abstract Predicted climate change may have negative impact on many environmental components including vegetation by increase of evapotranspiration and reduction of available water resources. Moreover, a growing global population and extensive use of water for irrigation and industry result in increasing demand for water. Facing these threats, quantitative and qualitative protection of water resources requires development of tools for drought assessment and prediction to support effective decision making and mitigate the impacts of droughts. Therefore, the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute has developed and implemented a set of tools for the operational drought hazard assessment. The developed tools cover drought indices estimation, assessment of sensitivity to it formation and drought hazard prediction. They are streamlined into an operational scheme combined with data assimilation routines and products generation procedures. A drought hazard assessment scheme was designed to be implemented into the platform of a hydrological system supporting the operational work of hydrological forecast offices. The scheme was launched to run operationally for the selected catchments of the Odra River and the Wisla River basins. The crucial resulting products are presented on the website operated by IMWM-NRI: POSUCH@ (Operational System for Providing Drought Prediction and Characteristics) (http://posucha.imgw.pl/). The paper presents the scheme and preliminary results obtained for the drought event which began in August 2011.

scholarly journals Hydrological Drought Assessment of Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI) at Different Geographical Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanyang Sur ◽  
Dongkyun Kim ◽  
Joo-Heon Lee ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Minha Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Drought Prediction ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Vegetation Activity

This study applied the remote sensing-based drought index, namely, the Energy-Based Water Deficit Index (EWDI), across Mongolia, Australia, and Korean Peninsula for the period between 2000 and 2010. The EWDI is estimated based on the hydrometeorological variables such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture, solar radiation, and vegetation activity which are derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries. The estimated EWDI was compared with the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The correlation coefficients between the drought indices are as follows: 0.73–0.76 (EWDI vs ESI), 0.64–0.71 (EWDI vs VCI), 0.54–0.64 (EWDI vs SPI-3), 0.69–0.71 (ESI vs VCI), 0.55–0.62 (ESI vs SPI-3), and 0.53–0.57 (VCI vs SPI-3). The drought prediction accuracy of each index according to error matrix analysis is as follows: 83.33–94.17% (EWDI), 70.00–91.67% (ESI), 47.50–85.00% (VCI), and 61.67–88.33% (SPI-3). Based on the results, the EWDI and ESI were found to be more accurate in capturing moderate drought conditions than the SPI at different geographical regions.

scholarly journals DROUGHT ASSESSMENT OF IRAN USING THE MDI INDEX

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 659-663
Author(s):  
I. Kordpour ◽  
S. Farzaneh ◽  
R. Shahhoseini
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery

Abstract. Drought is one of the most common natural phenomena. Many indices using multiple data types have been created, and their success at recognizing periods of extreme wetness and dryness has been well documented. The merit of the method is the utilization of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) quantification of drought intensity. Alongside with these observations, we add precipitation data to equations. In this study, we analyze Merged-dataset Drought index (MDI) using GRACE-derived TWSA and precipitation in Iran, where most of the area is desert and mountain in the middle and South of the country. Our sample period is from January 2003 to December 2014. MDI shows a strong correlation with existing drought indices, especially with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Based on the obtained results, MDI indicates a moderate Drought event in 2008 and 2012–2015, which is compatible with the recorded result of PDSI. The longest drought took 22 months (from January 2008 to October 2009). Interestingly, the coefficient of correlation between MDI and PDSI is 0.67.

scholarly journals High-spatial-resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Domínguez-Castro ◽  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Miquel Tomás-Burguera ◽  
Marina Peña-Gallardo ◽  
Santiago Beguería ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Probability Maps ◽  
Peak Over Threshold ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract. Assessing the probability of occurrence of drought is important for improving current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures, and strategies across Spain. This study employed two well-established drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), to characterize drought duration and magnitude at different timescales over Spain. In order to map the drought hazard probability, we applied the extreme value theory and tested different thresholds to generate peak-over-threshold (POT) drought duration and magnitude series. Our results demonstrate that the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution performs well in estimating the frequencies of drought magnitude and duration. Specifically, we found a good agreement between the observed and modelled data when using upper percentiles to generate the POT series. Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought events in southern and central Spain compared to the northern and eastern regions. Also, our study found spatial differences in drought probability estimations as a function of the selected drought index (i.e. SPI vs. SPEI) and timescale (i.e. 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Drought hazard probability maps can contribute to the better management of different sectors (e.g. agriculture, water resources management, urban water supply, and tourism) at national, regional, and even local scale in Spain.

scholarly journals High-spatial resolution probability maps of drought duration and magnitude across Spain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Domínguez-Castro ◽  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Miquel Tomás-Burguera ◽  
Marina Peña-Gallardo ◽  
Santiago Beguería ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distribution ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Peak Over Threshold

Abstract. We mapped – for the first time – the probability of occurrence of drought over Spain, with the overriding aim of improving current drought assessment, management and mitigation measures and strategies across the region. We employed two well-established drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Drought characteristics (i.e. duration and severity) were characterised at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month, implying that drought event is attained only when the index values are lower than zero. We applied the extreme value theory to map drought hazard probability. Following this procedure, we tested different thresholds to generate the peak-over-threshold drought severity and magnitude series, besides evaluating different three-parametric distributions and thresholds to fit these series. Our results demonstrate that the Generalized Pareto distribution performs well in estimating the frequencies of drought magnitude and duration, with good agreement between the observed and modelled data when using upper percentiles to generate the peak-over-threshold series. Spatially, our estimations suggest a higher probability of extreme drought events in southern and central areas of Spain, compared to northern and eastern regions. Nevertheless, there are strong differences in drought probability estimations between drought indices (i.e. SPI and SPEI), as well as among drought timescales.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Rainfall-based Drought Indices Detection of Meteorological Drought Events in Imo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
C.S. Ekwezuo ◽  
J.C. Madu
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Humid Environment

Drought Indices are extensively adopted as a drought detection and monitoring tool in all climatic regions. This study assesses and compares the performance of four rainfall based drought indices, Deciles index (DI), Percent of Normal Index (PNI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Z-score Index (ZSI) in detection and classification of drought events in Imo state , a humid environment of Nigeria from (1982 to 2016). The resultshows that droughts do occur in humid climatic region of Nigeria. The various indices differ in their detection and classification of drought events in the study area. However, they classified 2007 and 2008 as the year with the most severe drought event in the state. There is high correlation (r > 0.70) among the four indices, with ZSI and PNI showing the highest relationship to SPI (r= 0.97). The differences observed among the drought indices in detecting drought events in the study area can be reduced by using multiple drought indices in addition to the use of SPI in drought assessments especially in Nigeria since technological advancement in drought monitoring software’s has made it easier. Also it is worthwhile to research on why drought detection varies with indices. Keywords: Drought assessment, Rainfall-based drought indices, humid environment, Imo state, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Seasonal drought prediction for semiarid northeastern Brazil: verification of six hydro-meteorological forecast products

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5041-5056 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Delgado ◽  
Sebastian Voss ◽  
Gerd Bürger ◽  
Klaus Vormoor ◽  
Aline Murawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Seasonal Drought ◽  
Drought Prediction

Abstract. A set of seasonal drought forecast models was assessed and verified for the Jaguaribe River in semiarid northeastern Brazil. Meteorological seasonal forecasts were provided by the operational forecasting system used at FUNCEME (Ceará's research foundation for meteorology) and by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Three downscaling approaches (empirical quantile mapping, extended downscaling and weather pattern classification) were tested and combined with the models in hindcast mode for the period 1981 to 2014. The forecast issue time was January and the forecast period was January to June. Hydrological drought indices were obtained by fitting a multivariate linear regression to observations. In short, it was possible to obtain forecasts for (a) monthly precipitation, (b) meteorological drought indices, and (c) hydrological drought indices. The skill of the forecasting systems was evaluated with regard to root mean square error (RMSE), the Brier skill score (BSS) and the relative operating characteristic skill score (ROCSS). The tested forecasting products showed similar performance in the analyzed metrics. Forecasts of monthly precipitation had little or no skill considering RMSE and mostly no skill with BSS. A similar picture was seen when forecasting meteorological drought indices: low skill regarding RMSE and BSS and significant skill when discriminating hit rate and false alarm rate given by the ROCSS (forecasting drought events of, e.g., SPEI1 showed a ROCSS of around 0.5). Regarding the temporal variation of the forecast skill of the meteorological indices, it was greatest for April, when compared to the remaining months of the rainy season, while the skill of reservoir volume forecasts decreased with lead time. This work showed that a multi-model ensemble can forecast drought events of timescales relevant to water managers in northeastern Brazil with skill. But no or little skill could be found in the forecasts of monthly precipitation or drought indices of lower scales, like SPI1. Both this work and those here revisited showed that major steps forward are needed in forecasting the rainy season in northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Technologies of Metal Mining and Water Resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Golik ◽  
Maria Yu. Liskova ◽  
Yadviga G. Nebylova ◽  
Chainesh B. Kongar-Syuryun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Underground Leaching ◽  
Mining Enterprise ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mining Regions

The article is devoted to minimizing the negative impact of mining on the water resources of the mining regions. An assessment is made of leaching technologies with the involvement of non-conventional reserves for traditional methods of mining, reducing costs and lowering the level of environmental impact, including water resources. A reference is given on the use of leaching technologies for the development of natural and technogenic deposits in Russia. The mechanism of contamination of water resources with reagents and products of ore mining and processing is described. The typification of the processes of water migration of substances and components of underground leaching solutions is proposed. The zones of interaction between mineral deposits and water resources are differentiated. Fundamental differences of technology are formulated by the criterion of impact on water resources. An example of preventing the mixing of clean water and industrial effluents by creating a barrier in practice of a mining enterprise is given. It is concluded that the use of technologies with leaching of metals from ores at the place of their localization is promising

Development of a Next Generation Drought Index: combining multiple global and local data sources to enable detection of sector-specific drought impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimmie Hendriks ◽  
Pieter Hazenberg ◽  
Jonas Gotte ◽  
Patricia Trambauer ◽  
Arjen Haag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Drought Impacts ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Impact Data

<p>An increasing number of regions and countries are confronted with droughts as well as an increase in water demand. Inevitably, this leads to an increasing pressure on the available water resources and associated risks and economic impact for the water dependent sectors. In order to prevent big drought impacts, such as agricultural damage and food insecurity, timely and focused drought mitigation measures need to be carried out. To enable this, the detection of drought and its sector-specific risks at early stages needs to be improved. One of the main challenges is to develop compound and impact-oriented drought indices, that make optimal use of innovative techniques, satellite products, local data and other big data sets.</p><p>Here, we present the development of a Next Generation Drought Index (NGDI) that combines multiple freely available global data sources (eg. ERA5, MODIS, PCR-GLOBWB) to calculate a range of relevant drought hazard indices related to meteorological, hydrological, soil moisture and agricultural drought (eg. SPI, SPEI, SRI, SGI, VCI). The drought hazard indices are aggregated at district level, while considering the percentage area exposure of the drought impacted sector (exposure). In addition, the indices are enriched with local and national scale drought impact information (eg. online news items, social media data, EM-DAT database, GDO Drought news, national drought reports). Results are presented at sub-national scales in interactive spatial and temporal views, showing the combined drought indices and impact data.</p><p>The NGDI approach is being tested for the agricultural sector in Mali, a country with a vulnerable population and economy that faces frequent dry spells which heavily impact the functioning of the important agricultural activities that sustain a large part of the population. The computed drought indices are compared with local drought data and an analysis is made of the cross-correlations between the indices within the NGDI and collected impact data.</p><p>We aim at providing the NGDI information to a broad audience as well as co-creation of further NGDI developments. Hence, we would like to reach out to interested parties and identify collaboration opportunities.</p>

scholarly journals Using integrated meteorological and hydrological indices to assess drought characteristics in southern Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Numerous drought index assessment methods have been developed to investigate droughts. This study proposes a more comprehensive assessment method integrating two drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) are employed to establish an integrated drought assessment method to study the trends and characteristics of droughts in southern Taiwan. The overall SPI and SDI values and the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts within a given year (November to October) revealed consistent general trends. Major droughts occurred in the periods of 1979–1980, 1992–1993, 1994–1995, and 2001–2003. According to the results of the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Theil–Sen estimator analysis, the streamflow data from the Sandimen gauging station in the Ailiao River Basin showed a 30% decrease, suggesting increasing aridity between 1964 and 2003. Hence, in terms of water resources management, special attention should be given to the Ailiao River Basin. The integrated analysis showed different types of droughts occurring in different seasons, and the results are in good agreement with the climatic characteristics of southern Taiwan. This study suggests that droughts cannot be explained fully by the application of a single drought index. Integrated analysis using multiple indices is required.

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