scholarly journals Energy Absorbing Effectiveness – Different Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kotełko ◽  
Mirosław Ferdynus ◽  
Jacek Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn the paper the study of different crashworthiness indicators used to evaluate energy absorbing effectiveness of thin-walled energy absorbers is presented. Several different indicators are used to assess an effectiveness of two types of absorbing structures, namely thin-walled prismatic column with flaws and thin-walled prismatic frustum (hollow or foam filled) in both cases subjected to axial compressive impact load. The indicators are calculated for different materials and different geometrical parameters. The problem of selection of the most appropriate and general indicators is discussed.

Impact Response of Thin-Walled Tubes: A Prospective Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Mat ◽  
K. Azwan Ismail ◽  
S. Yaacob ◽  
O. Inayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact

Thin-walled structures have been widely used in various structural applications asimpact energy absorbing devices. During an impact situation, thin-walled tubesdemonstrate excellent capability in absorbing greater energy through plastic deformation. In this paper, a review of thin-walled tubes as collapsible energy absorbers is presented.As a mean of improving the impact energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, the influence of geometrical parameters such as length, diameter and wall thickness on the response of thin-walled tubes under compression axial loading are briefly discussed. Several design improvements proposed by previous researchers are also presented. The scope of this review is mainly focus on axial deformation under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading. Other deformations, such as lateral indentation, inversion and splitting are considered beyond the scope of this paper. This review is intended to assist the future development of thin-walled tubes as efficient energy absorbing elements.

Design Optimization of Bi-Tubular Thin Walled Columns for Crashworthiness Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Author(s):  
Faris Tarlochan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Crashworthiness Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Improving crashworthiness of vehicles is considered to be one of the main concerns in traffic safety. The study focused on new designs that can be incorporated into existing vehicles. The paper presents a crashworthiness design of a bi-tubular thin walled column for different dimension profiles. To formulate the complex crashworthiness design problem, the response surface method (RSM) was utilized. The design of experiments of the factorial design is used to construct the response surface for the specific energy absorption (SEA). This surface was optimized for SEA. Results from a finite element analysis of elastic plastic square bi-tubular steel tubes subjected to dynamic axial impact load are reported. The bi-tubular design has shown good potential as an efficient energy absorber in comparison to existing conventional energy absorbing structures.

Key Performance Indicators of Tubes and Foam-Filled Tubes Used as Energy Absorbers

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Xiang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Tongxi Yu ◽  
Liming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Based on a systematic investigation on the experimental, theoretical and numerical results on various tubes under axial compression/impact including our own tests, a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing and comparing the energy absorbing performance of tubular structures with various configurations is proposed, so as to guide the design of energy absorbers whilst to facilitate parameter optimization. The five KPIs proposed on the basis of mechanical analyses are effective stroke ratio (ESR), nondimensional load-carrying capacity (NLC), specific energy absorption (SEA), effectiveness of energy absorption (EEA) and undulation of load-carrying capacity (ULC). Moreover, by considering the influence of foam filling, these five KPIs are also modified and extended to the foam-filled tubes. The paper presents a series of diagrams to compare the energy absorbing performance of various tubes in terms of the five KPIs as described above. It transpires that the energy absorption performance of circular tubes is superior to that of square tubes. It is also confirmed that the mass of foam fillers results in reductions of SEA and EEA, though foam fillers will greatly improve the NLC of empty tubes. The novelty of the present study is displayed on the following aspects: (1) uniquely defining the effective stroke by the maximum point of "energy efficiency" f so as to avoid ambiguity which appeared in the literature; (2) instead of a single indicator such as SEA, proposing a set of five KPIs to comprehensively assess the performance of energy absorbers and (3) validating the usefulness of the proposed KPIs by comparing the performance of various tubular structures used as energy absorbers.

scholarly journals Crashworthiness Characteristics of Multi-Cell Tubular Structures Subjected to Axial Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3911-3915 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Impact Simulations ◽  
The Impact

To mitigate the impact forces in crash events, thin-walled tubular elements are employed as an energy absorbing attenuators in frontal part of the automotive vehicles. To develop more progressive deformation modes, at the initial period, and to absorb more impact energy at the final period of crash, it is significant to enhance the crashworthiness performance of the tube by modifying its geometrical parameters. Multi-cell tubular structures have recognized to own superior impact energy absorbing ability and lightweight effect in the modern automotive vehicles. This research article examines the deformation behaviour of thin walled aluminum alloy multi-cell tube with different stiffeners exposed to axial impact loading using numerical simulation. Nonlinear impact simulations were performed on multi-cell tubes using finite element ABAQUS/CAE explicit code. From the overall results obtained, the deformation behaviour of multi-cell tubes was compared. Furthermore, hexagonal tubes with stiffeners were retained as most prominent for better energy dissipation. This type of tube was found to be most efficient type to enhance the crashworthiness performance during axial impact.

Crashworthiness Analysis and Optimization of Thin-Walled Square Tube with Pyramidal Ripples Based on Mechanics Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Hu ◽  
Jing Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Finite Element Technology ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Crashworthiness Analysis ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Impact Kinetic Energy ◽  
Load Simulation

Thin-walled structure absorbs most impact kinetic energy during collision accident,and they are widely used as energy-absorbing element. In order to improve crashworthiness of them, regular pyramidal ripple is added on the thin-walled square tube’s surface. Explicit finite element technology is applied to simulate the behavior of the tube under axial impact load. Simulation data was delt with by Response Surface Method to form a function of variables and response,and the new structure was optimized. Research results show that, the thin-walled square tube with pyramidal ripples can improve controllable of structure deformation obviously and Optimized structure can absorb and dissipate much more impact kinetic energy.

Response of Filled Thin-Walled Square Tubes to Axial Impact Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Steeve Chung Kim Yuen ◽  
Gerald Nurick ◽  
Sylvester Piu ◽  
Gadija Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Initial Peak

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the response of thin-walled square (60x60 mm and 76x76 mm) tubes made from mild steel filled with four different fillers; aluminium foam (Cymat 7%), two types of aluminium honeycomb and polyurethane foam to quasi-static and dynamic axial impact load. The energy absorption characteristics of the foam-filled tubes are compared to that of a hollow tube, through efficiency calculations. The tubular structures are subjected to axial impact load generated by drop masses of 320 kg and 390 kg released from a height ranging between 2.1 m to 4.1 m. Footage from a high speed camera is used to determine the average crush forces exerted by each specimen. The results show that the fillers have insignificant effects on the initial peak forces based on the quasi-static results but increase the overall mean crushed force. The findings also indicate that the fillers affect at times the size of the lobe formed thus compromising the energy absorption capacity of the tube.

A Study on Bending Behaviours of Aluminium Foam-Filled Tubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang An ◽  
Chun Hui Yang ◽  
Peter Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Insight Into

In the study, the strengthening effect of aluminium foam in thin-walled aluminium tubes subject to bending load in investigated experimentally and numerically. Bending tests are conducted on foam filler, hollow tube and foam-filled tube. The finite element method is used as well to get deeper insight into the crush failure modes via focusing on the influence from wall thickness of the tube. The obtained information is useful to optimally design foam-filled tubes as energy absorbing devices in automotive engineering. The optimisation results can be implemented to find an optimum foam-filled tube that absorbs the same energy as the optimal hollow tube but with much less weight.

Dynamic crashing behavior of thin-walled conical tubular structures with nonlinearly-graded diameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 2456-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Xu ◽  
Suo Zhang ◽  
Kunying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Conical Structure ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Effective Design

Thin-walled structures with graded property have been paid more attention in recent years due to their significant balance between lightweight and crashworthiness. However, few studies have been focused on energy absorption capacity of thin-walled conical tubes with graded diameters. In this paper, the thin-walled conical aluminum tubes with nonlinearly-graded diameters are introduced and their corresponding crashing characteristics are performed. The diameters are assumed to nonlinearly vary according to a power-law distribution function primarily determined by a graded exponent n. It is found that the total weight of thin-walled conical tubes decreases with the increasing of the gradient exponent. The energy-absorbed performances such as specific energy absorption, initial peak crashing force, and mean crashing force of those graded tubular structures are numerically analyzed. And then the effects of various geometric parameters such as the gradient exponent, deformation distance, and diameter range on crashing behaviors are further evaluated. It is observed that those parameters especially the gradient exponent has significantly obvious effects on crashworthiness of the proposed nonlinearly graded tubes. It is also noted that the straight conical structure with gradient n = 1.0 may not show the best energy absorption characteristics compared with other gradients. The work could provide valuable information for effective design of thin-walled energy-absorbing structures with variable geometrical parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Geometrical Non-Linearity on the Crashworthiness of Thin-Walled Conical Energy-Absorbers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4857
Author(s):  
Michal Rogala ◽  
Jakub Gajewski ◽  
Miroslaw Ferdynus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variable Wall Thickness ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Variable Wall ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Crashworthiness of conical shells is known to depend on various factors. This study sets out to determine the extent to which the cross-sectional diameter contributes to their energy-absorbing properties. The object of the study was thin-walled aluminium tubes varying in upper diameter and wall thickness. The components were subjected to dynamic axial crushing kinetic energy equal to 1700 J. The numerical analysis was performed using Abaqus 6.14 software. The specific aim of the study was to determine the extent to which variable wall thickness affects the energy absorption capacity of the components under study. From the simulations, we have managed to establish a relationship between total energy absorption capacity and wall thickness. The results from the conducted analyses and the purpose-specific neural networks could provide the base for the future methodology for forecasting and optimisation of energy-absorbing systems.

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