Meßfehler bei der Untersuchung von ERFs mit Rotationsviskosimetern / Measurement Errors during Characterization of ERFs with Rotational Viscometers

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Rech
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors

Precision Lattice Parameter Measurements with Guinier Camera and Counter Diffractometer: Comparison and Reconciliation of Results

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
Compound A ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Random Measurement ◽  
Precise Characterization ◽  
The Difference

Different procedures used in precision measurements of lattice parameters are, strictly, only valid if they can be shown to give results that are mutually reproducible. For this purpose reproducibility is defined in terms of the parameters a. and standard deviations a. obtained for X-ray specimens of one or more reference materials. The requirement is that all systematic errors should be minimized to a level below that of the random measurement errors. Where these have a Gaussian distribution the significance of the difference, Δa°, between two , measurements can then be Let;Led by evaluating . Thus, if K < 2 the difference, Δa°, cannot be distinguished from the effects of random measurement errors. This condition should be met for specimens of the same sample if reproducibility is good. For K ≥ 3 the value of Δa° is then taken to reflect real differences in the crystalline Jattice of two X-ray specimens of a given compound. A basis is thus created for the study of solid solubility and for the precise characterization of crystalline compounds.

scholarly journals Marks: A New Interval Tool for Uncertainty, Vagueness and Indiscernibility

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Sainz ◽  
Remei Calm ◽  
Lambert Jorba ◽  
Ivan Contreras ◽  
Josep Vehi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Modal Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Systems Simulation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Successive Calculation

The system of marks created by Dr. Ernest Gardenyes and Dr. Lambert Jorba was first published as a doctoral thesis in 2003 and then as a chapter in the book Modal Interval Analysis in 2014. Marks are presented as a tool to deal with uncertainties in physical quantities from measurements or calculations. When working with iterative processes, the slow convergence or the high number of simulation steps means that measurement errors and successive calculation errors can lead to a lack of significance in the results. In the system of marks, the validity of any computation results is explicit in their calculation. Thus, the mark acts as a safeguard, warning of such situations. Despite the obvious contribution that marks can make in the simulation, identification, and control of dynamical systems, some improvements are necessary for their practical application. This paper aims to present these improvements. In particular, a new, more efficient characterization of the difference operator and a new implementation of the marks library is presented. Examples in dynamical systems simulation, fault detection and control are also included to exemplify the practical use of the marks.

scholarly journals Progress in managing the transition from the RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde within the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud J. Dirksen ◽  
Greg E. Bodeker ◽  
Peter W. Thorne ◽  
Andrea Merlone ◽  
Tony Reale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Change

Abstract. This paper describes the GRUAN-wide approach to manage the transition from the Vaisala RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde. The goal of the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) is to provide long-term high-quality reference observations of upper air Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) such as temperature and water vapor. With GRUAN data being used for climate monitoring, it is vital that the change of measurement system does not introduce inhomogeneities in to the data record. The majority of the 27 GRUAN sites were launching the RS92 as their operational radiosonde, and following the end of production of the RS92 in the last quarter of 2017, most of these sites have now switched to the RS41. Such a large-scale change in instrumentation is unprecedented in the history of GRUAN and poses a challenge for the network. Several measurement programmes have been initiated to characterize differences in biases, uncertainties and noise between the two radiosonde types. These include laboratory characterization of measurement errors, extensive twin sounding studies with RS92 and RS41 on the same balloon, and comparison with ancillary data. This integrated approach is commensurate with the GRUAN principles of traceability and deliberate redundancy. A two-year period of regular twin soundings is recommended, and for sites that are not able to implement this burden sharing is employed, such that measurements at a certain site are considered representative of other sites with similar climatological characteristics. All data relevant to the RS92-RS41 transition are archived in a database that will be accessible to the scientific community for external scrutiny. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience gained about GRUAN's RS92-RS41 transition will be extensively documented to ensure traceability of the process. This documentation will benefit other networks in managing changes in their operational radiosonde systems. Preliminary analysis of the laboratory experiments indicates that the manufacturer's calibration of the RS41's temperature and humidity sensors is more accurate than for the RS92; with uncertainties of

Characterization of Coal Ash Emissivity in High-Temperature Atmospheres

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Shimogori ◽  
Hidehisa Yoshizako ◽  
Yoshio Shimogori ◽  
Mark Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Adjustable Parameter ◽  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Time Required

This paper presents a method for determining coal ash emissivity in high temperature atmospheres. We applied a tube-dropping mechanism to suppress reflection from the sample, and tried other new approaches for measurements at high temperatures. One approach was a shielding time reduction using tube motorization, which reduces measurement errors to a negligible level. Another approach was determining emissivity by fitting a calculation curve to transient experimental data. In these calculations, emissivity was an adjustable parameter. An ash sample was heated in an electric furnace in the range from 500 to 1300°C and the radiation intensity from the sample was measured with a digital pyrometer. Each measurement was carried out within 0.3 seconds, including the time required for shielding the sample (0.1 seconds). Once the tube had been dropped into the furnace, radiation intensities from the sample began decreasing. Emissivity characteristics were compared between Powder River Basin (PRB) coal ash and bituminous coal ash. It was found that coal-ash emissivity depends on coal types and changes significantly as a function of ash surface temperature.

scholarly journals Characterization of measurement errors using structure-from-motion and photogrammetry to measure marine habitat structural complexity

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 5669-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Bryson ◽  
Renata Ferrari ◽  
Will Figueira ◽  
Oscar Pizarro ◽  
Josh Madin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Marine Habitat

Methodology for characterization of high-speed multi-conductor metal interconnections and evaluation of measurement errors

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
O.A. Palusinski ◽  
L. Znamirowski ◽  
K. Reiss ◽  
H. Grabinski
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Speed

scholarly journals Structural analysis of disc super star clusters of M82: size and profile shape at intermediate ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 492 (1) ◽  
pp. 993-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cuevas-Otahola ◽  
Y D Mayya ◽  
I Puerari ◽  
D Rosa-González
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Super Star Clusters ◽  
Advanced Camera For Surveys

ABSTRACT We present the structural parameters of 99 super star clusters (SSCs) in the disc of M82. Moffat-EFF, King, and Wilson models were fitted using a χ2-minimization method to background-subtracted surface brightness profiles in the F435W (B), F555W (V), and F814W (I) bands of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) of the Hubble Space Telescope. The majority of the SSC profiles are best fitted by the Moffat-EFF profile. The scale parameter rd and the shape parameter γ in the three filters are identical within the measurement errors. The analysed sample is big enough to allow the characterization of the distributions of core radii Rc and γ. The obtained distribution of Rc follows a lognormal form, with centre and $\sigma \mathrm{ log}\big {(}\frac{R_{\rm c}}{pc}\big {)}$ being 1.73 pc and 0.25, respectively. The γ distribution is also lognormal with centre and σlog(γ) being 2.88 and 0.08, respectively. M82 is well known for the absence of current star formation in its disc, with all disc SSCs older than 50 Myr and hardly any cluster older than ∼300 Myr. The derived distributions compare very well with the distributions for intermediate-age clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which is also a low-mass late-type galaxy similar to M82. On the other hand, the distributions of Rc in both these galaxies are shifted towards larger values as compared to SSCs of similar age in the giant spiral galaxy M83. M82 and LMC also span a narrower range of γ values as compared to that in M83.

scholarly journals Managing the transition from Vaisala RS92 to RS41 radiosondes within the Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN): a progress report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud J. Dirksen ◽  
Greg E. Bodeker ◽  
Peter W. Thorne ◽  
Andrea Merlone ◽  
Tony Reale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
History Of

Abstract. This paper describes the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) approach to managing the transition from the Vaisala RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde. The goal of GRUAN is to provide long-term high-quality reference observations of upper-air essential climate variables (ECVs) such as temperature and water vapor. With GRUAN data being used for climate monitoring, it is vital that the change of measurement system does not introduce inhomogeneities to the data record. The majority of the 27 GRUAN sites were launching the RS92 as their operational radiosonde, and following the end of production of the RS92 in the last quarter of 2017, most of these sites have now switched to the RS41. Such a large-scale change in instrumentation is unprecedented in the history of GRUAN and poses a challenge for the network. Several measurement programs have been initiated to characterize differences in biases, uncertainties, and noise between the two radiosonde types. These include laboratory characterization of measurement errors, extensive twin sounding studies with RS92 and RS41 on the same balloon, and comparison with ancillary data. This integrated approach is commensurate with the GRUAN principles of traceability and deliberate redundancy. A 2-year period of regular twin soundings is recommended, and for sites that are not able to implement this, burden-sharing is employed such that measurements at a certain site are considered representative of other sites with similar climatological characteristics. All data relevant to the RS92–RS41 transition are archived in a database that will be accessible to the scientific community for external scrutiny. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience gained regarding GRUAN's RS92–RS41 transition will be extensively documented to ensure traceability of the process. This documentation will benefit other networks in managing changes in their operational radiosonde systems. Preliminary analysis of the laboratory experiments indicates that the manufacturer's calibration of the RS41 temperature and humidity sensors is more accurate than for the RS92, with uncertainties of <0.2 K for the temperature and <1.5 % RH (RH: relative humidity) for the humidity sensor. A first analysis of 224 RS92–RS41 twin soundings at Lindenberg Observatory shows nighttime temperature differences <0.1 K between the Vaisala-processed temperature data for the RS41 (TRS41) and the GRUAN data product for the RS92 (TRS92-GDP.2). However, daytime temperature differences in the stratosphere increase steadily with altitude, with TRS92-GDP.2 up to 0.6 K higher than TRS41 at 35 km. RHRS41 values are up to 8 % higher, which is consistent with the analysis of satellite–radiosonde collocations.

Quantum tomograph for measurement and characterization of quantum states of biphoton sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Frolovtsev ◽  
Sergey A. Magnitskiy ◽  
Andrey V. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Density Matrix ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Quantum Tomography ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Experimental Implementation

The method and prototype of a device for characterizing of biphoton light sources based on spontaneous parametric downdonversion by quantum tomography are described. The prototype is an experimental implementation of a specialized quantum tomograph designed to measure the quantum polarization states of radiation generated by biphoton sources. Specially developed software will determine the statistical characteristics of the measured quantum state, calculate the tomographic and likelihood estimations of the density matrix, calculate the measurement errors of the density matrix elements and evaluate the quality of the quantum state of biphotons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document