scholarly journals Taxonomic importance of seed morphology of Veronica L. subsect. Agrestes Benth. (Plantaginaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazur ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Elżbieta Sandurska ◽  
Tomasz Kałuski ◽  
Katarzyna Marcysiak
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Statistical Level ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
External Conditions

Abstract The study was conducted on five species of Veronica L. subsection Agrestes occurring in Central Europe: Veronica agrestis L., V. polita Fr., V. opaca Fr., V. persica Poir. and V. filiformis Sm. These species are very similar morphologically and are often misidentified. Last thorough studies of morphology and micromorphology of their seeds were conducted in 1960s. Based on 48 herbarium specimens, we examined SEM images of 422 seeds. We found that 22 of the 30 studied morphological traits differentiated five species at statistical level and V. agrestis and V. persica differed with the greatest number of features from other species. Our measurements of seed size were not fully congruent with previous studies, suggesting dependence of these features on external conditions. Seeds were usually cochlidiospermous and ovoid with a reticulate-verrucate seed coat, but these features were, at the same time, quite variable. The results of discriminant function confirmed that some characters of the seed size, shape and coat sculpture could be taxonomically useful in distinguishing species of Veronica subsect. Agrestes. In addition, we believe that similarity of the examined seeds may confirm unity of this group and the need of identifying a subsection.

Seed morphology and ultrastructure in Citrus garrawayi (Rutaceae) in relation to germinability

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Immature Seeds

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).

scholarly journals Morphological characters of the seed coat in selected species of the genus Hypericum L. and their taxonomic value

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szkudlarz ◽  
Zbigniew Celka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Hypericum Species

Abstract Eight Hypericum species are native to Poland: H. elegans Stephan ex Willd., H. hirsutum L., H. humifusum L., H. maculatum Crantz, H. montanum L., H. perforatum L., H. pulchrum L., and H. tetrapterum Fr. Only seeds of H. elegans were investigated in detail in Poland before, so here we present results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of seed morphology of the other 7 species, based on characters like seed length, width, and shape, seed coat sculpture, shape of epidermal cells of the testa, and number of epidermal cells along the seed axis. The results show that seeds of the studied species are small, 0.56-1.15 mm long and 0.26-0.49 mm wide. In SEM images, seed coat sculpture is reticulate in 5 species, papillate in H. hirsutum, and cup-shaped in H. pulchrum. The differences are caused by the varied final development of the testa epidermis, which constitutes the outer layer of the seed coat. The mean number of epidermal cells along the seed axis ranges from 22 to 33. Results of cluster analysis, based on the agglomeration method and including also published data on seeds of H. elegans, show that the variation in the investigated characters of seeds is reflected in the taxonomic division of the genus into sections.

The seed morphology and anatomy of the allium anisopodium on the seed genebank

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Binderya G ◽  
Tumenjargal D
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The paper presents the results of the study on seed morphology and anatomy of Allium anisopodium Ldb. The seed shape is elliptic, glossy-black in color. The seed surface is scaly and its hilum appears in white color. The seed size is 1.7-2.1 mm long, 1.2-1.4 wide, 0.5-2.1 mm in thick and one thousand seed weight is 1.9 g. The anatomical structure is endospermic one cotyledons seed type. The seed coat thin and cotyledon is emphasized apparently from longitudinal section. The embryo is curved, coiled and black colored embryonic roots are relatively thick. The endosperm is surrounded by seed coat moreover between the cotyledon and embryo.

Morphology and Affinities of Ampelocissites Seeds (Vitaceae: Ampelopsis clade) from the Paleogene of Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Steven R. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fossil Seeds ◽  
Fossil Genus

Abstract—The type material on which the fossil genus name Ampelocissites was established in 1929 has been reexamined with the aid of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning and compared with seeds of extant taxa to assess the relationships of these fossils within the grape family, Vitaceae. The specimens were collected from a sandstone of late Paleocene or early Eocene age. Although originally inferred by Berry to be intermediate in morphology between Ampelocissus and Vitis, the newly revealed details of seed morphology indicate that these seeds represent instead the Ampelopsis clade. Digital cross sections show that the seed coat maintains its thickness over the external surfaces, but diminishes quickly in the ventral infolds. This feature, along with the elliptical chalaza and lack of an apical groove, indicate that Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry probably represents Ampelopsis or Nekemias (rather than Ampelocissus or Vitis) and that the generic name Ampelocissites may be useful for fossil seeds with morphology consistent with the Ampelopsis clade that lack sufficient characters to specify placement within one of these extant genera.

scholarly journals Two β-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactans function in mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi O. Ajayi ◽  
Michael A. Held ◽  
Allan M. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Sugar Residue ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Type Ii

Abstract Background Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are heavily glycosylated with type II arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides attached to hydroxyproline residues in their protein backbone. Type II AGs are necessary for plant growth and critically important for the establishment of normal cellular functions. Despite the importance of type II AGs in plant development, our understanding of the underlying role of these glycans/sugar residues in mucilage formation and seed coat epidermal cell development is poorly understood and far from complete. One such sugar residue is the glucuronic acid residues of AGPs that are transferred onto AGP glycans by the action of β-glucuronosyltransferase genes/enzymes. Results Here, we have characterized two β-glucuronosyltransferase genes, GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C, that are involved in the transfer of β-glucuronic acid (GlcA) to type II AGs. Using a reverse genetics approach, we observed that glcat14a-1 mutants displayed subtle alterations in mucilage pectin homogalacturonan (HG) compared to wild type (WT), while glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants displayed much more severe mucilage phenotypes, including loss of adherent mucilage and significant alterations in cellulose ray formation and seed coat morphology. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed significant alterations in the sugar amounts of glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT in the adherent and non-adherent seed mucilage. Also, a reduction in total mucilage content was observed in glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT. In addition, glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants showed defects in pectin formation, calcium content and the degree of pectin methyl-esterification (DM) as well as reductions in crystalline cellulose content and seed size. Conclusions These results raise important questions regarding cell wall polymer interactions and organization during mucilage formation. We propose that the enzymatic activities of GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C play partially redundant roles and are required for the organization of the mucilage matrix and seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana. This work brings us a step closer towards identifying potential gene targets for engineering plant cell walls for industrial applications.

Correlation Studies of Some Agronomic Characters in Sesame

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osman Khidir ◽  
H. El Gizouli Osman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Seed Coat Colour ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Number Of Branches

SummaryIn 90 local sesame types there was some association between seed coat colour and seed size, stem height, number of branches, number of pods, yield per plant and earliness. Forty-five coefficients show the degree of correlation between ten agronomic characters. Yield was significantly and positively correlated with all characters except the number of days to first flowering and to first maturity. Stem height, number of pods per plant and seed size seem to be the best criteria for selection in sesame.

Soybean Seed Size Influences Expression of the Impermeable Seed‐Coat Trait 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hill ◽  
S. H. West ◽  
K. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

Susceptibility of mungbean varieties to the bruchid species Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), C. phaseoli (Gyll.), C. chinensis (L.), and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Lambrides ◽  
B. C. Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Oviposition Deterrents ◽  
Bruchid Resistance ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Biochemical Resistance ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

Twenty-six mungbean varieties and accessions were screened for resistance to 4 bruchid species (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). On the basis of the percentage of seeds damaged all Australian commercial mungbean varieties tested here were highly susceptible to strains of Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis, the 2 species that cause most damage worldwide to mungbean in storage. In addition, 3 accessions of wild mungbean appeared to have bruchid resistance. The texture layer present on the seed coat of some mungbean varieties and small seed size may act as oviposition deterrents. Consequently, these assays for determining resistance to bruchid infestation may not be suitable for identifying biochemical resistance of some mungbean genotypes.

Seed morphology and seed coat anatomy of Fraxinus , Ligustrum and Syringa (Oleeae: Oleaceae) and its systematic implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. e01866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Mi Jin Jeong ◽  
Gang Uk Suh ◽  
Kweon Heo ◽  
Cheul Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Morphology
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