scholarly journals Selected Intangible Factors Of Regional Development: An Analysis Of Spatial Relationships

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dańska-Borsiak ◽  
Iwona Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human And Social Capital

As spatial diversity of economic development is one of the main problems of modern economies, researchers have attempted to define the conditions and factors influencing this phenomenon. Among others, two intangible factors are suggested: human capital and social capital (Herbst ed. 2007). The primary objective of this work is a spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of the diversification of human and social capital within the Polish NUTS 3 subregions. The two detailed targets are constructing composite indicator of both of the mentioned types of capital as well as examining spatial interactions between human capital, social capital and the GNP level per capita. The large diversification of human and social capital in the Polish subregions has been confirmed. Clusters of regions with low levels of human capital have been indicated, whereas in the case of social capital a grouping of its high values was observed. The research also confirmed the positive correlation between GNP per capita and human capital, with high values of both variables in the larget cities. Additionally, there are some subregions with high levels of economic development surrounded by low levels of human and social capital (Łódź, Szczecin, Wrocław). It is possible that high level of GNPpc in these regions was the incentive causing the relocation of human capital from the neighbouring regions. The correlation between GNPpc and social capital, where significant, is of the low-high type. These subregions are located in the east and south of Poland.

scholarly journals The Board of Directors and International Decision-making

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Pérez-Calero Sánchez ◽  
Mª del Mar Villegas Periñán ◽  
Carmen Barroso Castro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human And Social Capital

This paper develops a view of how specific elements of the directors' human and social capital can enhance a company's international performance. We have taken the view that the board is an active participant in the firm’s management, and we have therefore set out and tested a number of arguments related to the board’s role in the adoption of international decisions. Specifically, our results point to the need to incorporate board members with high levels of education and international background with ability to learn and process information and to help international decision-making. As shown by our results, a high level of external connectivity of directors could have negative repercussions for internationalization since they limit the time spent on the board and therefore reduces the cohesion and trust inside the board. The implications of this research, therefore, are important for both executives and academics, as it helps to know what attributes contribute to the board’s effectiveness in such a way as to positively affect the internationalization of the firm. Keywords: Board of directors, human capital, social capital, firm´s internationalization.

The Spaces Between Us

2014 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Mohanalakshmi Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
National Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Despite having one of the highest per-capita incomes of the world, social and political changes in Qatar have not kept pace with the country’s economic development. The expatriate and national population of the small emirate have access to luxury brands and a variety of Western goods including food as well as hotels. The high level of commercialization, however, does not mean that cultural differences between the various nationalities have been erased. Online forums and social media have provided neutral public spaces where debate and dialogue about identity and values can take place in a way they do not occur in public. This chapter examines a variety of examples through comments by expats and nationals on a number of media sites as well as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.

Tourism as a Mode of Development

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Paul E. Jursa ◽  
James E. Winkates
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
System A ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
High Level

Areas of the world classified as less than developed tend to have a relatively inflexible economic system dominated by an agricultural sector with low levels of productivity, a rudimentary industrial sector plagued by inefficient methods of production utilizing antiquated technologies, a semi-literate population with little chance of bettering itself because of sheer numbers and a rigid social system, a high level of unemployment or underemployment, and a limited infrastructure. All of these characteristics contribute to low real per capita income, difficulties in finding export markets, and an environment of economic stagnation. Modernization, which includes both economic development and social mobilization, is difficult to achieve.

Towards a more integrated view of entrepreneurial careers

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Zikic ◽  
Souha Ezzedeen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Capital ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurial Careers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to employ intelligent career theory to simultaneously explore the relationships between three types of entrepreneurial career capital (i.e. motivations, human, and social capital). It illustrates the interconnectedness of these three forms of capital as an important way to study entrepreneurial careers and provide a new lens for understanding both personal and venture success. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study of 22 in depth semi-structured interviews explores career stories of entrepreneurs in the high tech industry. The interviews focus on examining three aspects of their career, motivations to become an entrepreneur, ways of learning and developing their human and social capital. Interviews were transcribed and coded using grounded theory approach. Findings – The findings describe how entrepreneurial careers as simultaneously shaped by three types of career capital: motivations (knowing-why), knowledge (knowing-how), and relationships (knowing-whom). It also illustrates the accumulation of career capital as a continuous cycle of interrelationships between these three types of capital. Research limitations/implications – In sum, the findings add to the knowledge on entrepreneurial careers and the role that the three types of capital play in venture formation and success. It also points to the importance of a more integrated view of these careers, embedded in a web of motivational, social, and human capital. Practical implications – The study’s findings suggest that entrepreneurs should paid equal attention and nurture each form of career capital throughout their careers. It also has implications for entrepreneurship programs as well career advisers to. Originality/value – Prior entrepreneurship research has examined aspects of entrepreneur’s career capital (e.g. intentions, social, and human capital) typically in isolation from one another and little is known about their reinforcing relationships in entrepreneurial careers. This study provides novel insights for understanding the three types of career capital and the importance of this more integrated view in entrepreneurship education and career counseling.

scholarly journals Poverty Human Capital and Economic Development Nexus: A Case Study of Multan Division

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Countries across the world have acknowledged that poverty alleviation has to be of critical importance among the objectives of economic development. This paper sheds light on the Multan division, as one the important division of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The primary data was collected through a household survey during the year 2019.The study concluded that occupation of the household head in the primary sector and household size are significant and positively associated with household poverty. However, human capital of the household is found to be significant and negatively related to household poverty in the Multan division. Economic development or per capita income of the households are found to be significant and positively related with human capital of the households.

scholarly journals Scientific and educational vector of the social and human capital network component formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 08012
Author(s):  
Olga Yarmak ◽  
Ekaterina Strashko ◽  
Mariya Bolshakova ◽  
Pavel Deryugin ◽  
Veronika Yarmak
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Network Connections ◽  
The Social ◽  
World Class ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Network Component

The authors raise the problem of the scientific and educational vector of the formation of the network component of social and human capital in Russian regions. The development of the network component is becoming one of the policy directions for the formation of the region’s human capital through the creation of certain network centres. The emerging network connections of world-class scientific and educational centres in Russian regions are analyzed, which create conditions for transforming the existing human potential of the territory into the human and social capital of the country. Based on the definition of social capital by P. Bourdieu and M. Paldam as a group resource for obtaining social connections, the authors analyze the process of forming network connections between the educational, scientific environment of the region, its business community and government bodies at the sites of world-class scientific and educational centres operating in Russia, which is the basis for the formation of the social capital of the territory. The conclusions of the study are to determine the structure of ties in the scientific and educational vector of social and human capital through the functioning of network RECs, which become interregional coordination structures for the scientific and educational space of the country.

scholarly journals Impact of Human and Social Capital on Economic Development in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence From Primary Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sibt-e- Ali ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhary ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of human and social capital on economic development in Pakistan by employing empirical evidence from primary data analysis. The survey was conducted in Multan District based on the household concerning questionnaire. The results conclude that age, on job training, area of residence, public health units, and work experience have positive and significant impact on economic development, while norms of the society and gender have negative impact on economic development.  In other words, it is empirically evident from the analysis that human and social capital has strong impact on economic development.  Therefore, there is an ardent need to bring the sustainable changes in human and social capital for inclusive growth and economic development in Pakistan.

Conceptual scheme of the analytical system of migration management based on the interests of the key territorial stakeholders

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Julia S. Aitova ◽  
Marsel M. Nizamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
High Level

Development of the national economy is determined by the dynamics of socio-economic processes in its regions. At the same time, a high level of territorial differentiation by a significant number of parameters can lead to increased social unrest, exacerbation of contradictions between the center and regions, the city and the rural periphery, and population conurbation in large cities. One of the key factors in the country development is human capital, in particular, its territorial distribution. The current trends of population resettlement in unregulated migration conditions determine the feasibility of implementing measures to manage migration processes in the framework of migration and economic state policy. In our opinion, migration is presented not only as a social process, but also more as an economic process because of the movement of labor resources, their professional knowledge and skills, consumers, financial resources of the population and other economic components. In this context, management involves creating the conditions for attracting the population in the territory that experiences a deficit of labor and other resources. In this regard, there is a need for systematization and generalization of knowledge about the mutual influence of migration and economic development and the formulation of a generalizing concept. Within the framework of this concept, migration management will allow taking into account the interests of all the interested parties — an individual, businesses, localities, (city, village, and region), and the macro-system (country, global territory). Effective tools for managing the territorial system and, in particular, migration processes today should include modern information analysis systems and methods based on simulation modeling among others. In this aspect, the patterns of migration, their impact on the economy, as well as the population, its types and structure, demographic behavior are considered in the studies of both Russian and Western economists. In particular, the authors study it in the framework of developing an impact model of the human capital transformation on the spatial and economic development of the territorial systems, involving the creation of appropriate model tools. An important structural element of this toolkit is the control unit for migration processes because of realization of stakeholder’s interests of the territory. The proposed conceptual approach to the development of migration management information system will provide information support in the development of practical measures in the implementation of migration and demographic policy at the regional level.

CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION TO SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Vojislav Ilić ◽  
Igor Novaković ◽  
Slobodan Cvetanović
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human And Social Capital

During the last decade of the last century, the concept of capital in scientific literature has been significantly expanded. Namely, for decades, the belief that the category of capital includes only visible resources has been modified in terms of extending its comprehensiveness to intangible resources, such as human and social capital. Human capital encompasses knowledge, skills, competencies and characteristics embodied in the individual, which enable the creation of personal, social and economic well-being, while social capital represents the capital of cooperation, interaction, mutual trust and help. When it comes to education, the ability to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and competences is crucial for the economic and social progress of individual countries. Unlike physical capital that is completely tangible, human and social capital are intangible. Recent approaches, as components of human capital, in addition to education and the level of health status of the population, outline the characteristics of people and societies that have an impact on the effects of work, including factors of ability, motivation and culture, etc. Some experts extend the content of human capital to individual characteristics of people such as creativity, innovation, motivation, attitudes (about life, business, etc.), diligence, responsibility, perseverance, self-initiative, communication success, problem solving, critical thinking, self-study, flexibility and adaptability. The paper considers the contribution of education as one of the basic and absolutely indisputable component of human capital to the development of social capital. It has come to the conclusion that countries with high education of the population tend to become richer and to invest more and more resources in the development of their own processing system. Therefore, in current business conditions in the process of creating human capital, the importance of activities focused on lifelong education and professional development is especially important. Both types of capital are developing in close interdependence. The increase in human capital corresponds significantly to the development of social capital. On the contrary, social capital represents an essential premise of increasing the efficiency of human capital. Moreover, there is not a small number of authors who regard certain attributes of social capital as human capital components. Considering the contribution of education as a component of human capital to the development of social capital, it can be concluded that education does so because it helps young people to recognize their duties as members of society, promote civil and social engagement of people and influence human behavior. Citizens with higher education have a high degree of civic and social engagement. The educated people are much more involved in their communities and take practical steps to improve the welfare of communities in which they live contributing, among other things, to the development of social capital.

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