Impact of Human and Social Capital on Economic Development in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence From Primary Data Analysis

This study examines the impact of human and social capital on economic development in Pakistan by employing empirical evidence from primary data analysis. The survey was conducted in Multan District based on the household concerning questionnaire. The results conclude that age, on job training, area of residence, public health units, and work experience have positive and significant impact on economic development, while norms of the society and gender have negative impact on economic development. In other words, it is empirically evident from the analysis that human and social capital has strong impact on economic development. Therefore, there is an ardent need to bring the sustainable changes in human and social capital for inclusive growth and economic development in Pakistan.

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PASEDHULURAN AS A SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM POTTERY VILLAGE

KOMUNITAS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE ◽

10.15294/komunitas.v6i1.2942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 16-25

Author(s):

Mila Karmilah ◽

Wiendu Nuryanti ◽

Nindyo Soewarno ◽

Bakti Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Economic Development ◽

Local Economic Development ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Local Economy ◽

Pottery Production ◽

Production Chain ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

History Survey ◽

The Impact

The increase in both industrialization and tourism in Kasongan village famous with its pottery being the tourism Village since 1988, radically altered the local economy and domestic life. Based on oral history, survey, and documentary sources, this paper examine the impact of economics globalization to the diversity of culture in Kasongan. Globalization has two faces. If it can be managed properly, globalization can certainly give sufficient benefit to the country. The result of study indicated that pasedhuluran kinship systems in pottery production chain as one of social capital in socio-economic development in Kasongan, play an important role. This can be seen in terms of hiring local labor, then the pottery associated with the ordering system, and the use of the showroom to promote their pottery. Based on this note that the negative impact of globalization, especially the pottery in Kasongan indsutry can be minimized by pasedhuluran system.Peningkatan industrialisasi dan pariwisata di Desa Kasongan yang terkenal dengan kerajinan gerabah yang telah berkembang sejak tahun 1972 dan menjadi desa wisata pada tahun 1988, secara radikal telah mengubah ekonomi lokal dan kehidupan masyarakat di desa tersebut. Berdasarkan wawancara terkait sejarah, survei, dan sumber-sumber dokumenter lainnya, maka tulisan ini akan mengkaji dampak globalisasi ekonomi terhadap keragaman budaya masyarakat setempat. Globalisasi memiliki dua sisi. Jika globalisasi dapat dikelola dengan baik, maka globalisasi dapat memberikan manfaat yang cukup baik bagi negara. Namun, jika suatu negara tidak dapat beradaptasi dan menentukan strategi yang perlu diterapkan dalam rangka menghadapi globalisasi, negara akan menjadi korban dari globalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasedhuluran adalah sistem kekerabatan di rantai produksi kegiatan produksi gerabah. Pasedhuluran sebagai salah satu modal sosial dalam pembangunan sosial-ekonomi di Kasongan, memainkan peranan yang penting. Hal ini terlihat dalam sistem tenaga kerja, dimana sebagian besar merupakan keluarga. Selain sistem tenaga kerja pasedhulran juga terlihat pada sistem pemesanan (order gerabah), dan menggunakan showroom sebagai tempat mempromosikan gerabah mereka. Berdasarkan studi ini diketahui bahwa dampak globalisasi dapat diminimalisir dengan adanya sistem kekerabatan (pasedhuluran).

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HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL AS FACTORS OF INEQUALITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EU COUNTRIES

How to Cope With Disrupted Times ◽

10.31410/eman.2018.956 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Iwona Skrodzka ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Economic Development ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Human And Social Capital

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Effect of international labor mobility on social-economic development of countries

Azerbaijan Oil Industry ◽

10.37474/0365-8554/2021-5-54-59 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

E.I. Huseinova ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Social Economic ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Research Work ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Problem Solution ◽

International Mobility ◽

Labor Resources ◽

Social Economic Development ◽

The Impact

The goal of the research is the specification of the effect of international mobility of labor resources on the social-economic development of a country, as well as the impact on the GDP volume. The main purpose set in the investigation is the study of international experience of the problem solution. Another goal of the research work is the international mobility of labor resources in conditions of national economy. The methods of analysis, grouping and analogy were used in the investigation. In the research work carried out by the author, the properties of international mobility of labor resources were commented, the factors and reasons of their occurrence specified as well. The analysis has been conducted and the system of effect mobility of labor resources on GDP growth in some countries and their impact on the state of labor market developed. Due to the research surveys, the reasons for development of international mobility of labor resources and direction of labor migration streams in Azerbaijan have been identified. The impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development has been evaluated. Positive and negative impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development of Azerbaijan, as well as setting measures on migrant admission as contributing country in case of negative effect have been specified in the innovation of research. Practical significance of the investigation lies in the regulation of international mobility of labor resources, introduction with experience of difference countries by the system of statistical figures and formation of their resources, grouping and using the data for problem solution in our country.

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The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

NICE Research Journal ◽

10.51239/nrjss.v0i0.75 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 130-155

Author(s):

Fozia Munir ◽

Mirajul Haq ◽

Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Central Place ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Primary Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Empirical Estimates ◽

The Subject ◽

Basic Hypothesis ◽

The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

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THE IMPACT OF TAX GAPS ON THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

Scientific opinion Economics and Management ◽

10.32836/2521-666x/2021-74-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Inna Tiutiunyk ◽

Julia Belous

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Economic Development ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Economic Security ◽

Financial Policy ◽

Important Place ◽

Complex Concept ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

The Impact

Trends in the development of the main components of financial and economic security of the country indicate their significant variability and dependence on a combination of internal and external factors. An important place among the drivers of influence on the level of financial and economic security is occupied by tax revenues. Given the prolonged national and transnational market turbulence, which is observed in most sectors of the economy, one of the biggest threats to the financial and economic security of most countries is the presence of a significant volume of shadow operations. The consequences of their implementation are the lack of tax revenues in the budget and the reduction of the country's financial viability in financing economic development programs. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of tax gaps on the level of financial and economic security of the country. In the paper, the essence of the financial and economic security of the country, which is proposed to be understood as a complex concept, integrates the features of economic and financial development of the economic system. Based on the systematization of scientific literatures, the main tasks and functions of financial and economic security of the country including realization of goals and objectives of financial policy and formation of favorable conditions for economically sustainable development and growth, highlights the characteristics of this concept are substantiated. The paper identifies three characteristic features of the financial and economic security of the country: as an indicator of its ability to protect the interests of society in a volatile external and internal environment; economically sustainable development and growth; leveling threats to the internal and external environment. The role of tax gaps in reducing the level of financial and economic security of the country is substantiated, the probability of formation of tax gaps in the economy is predicted, measures to minimize tax evasion as components of increasing its financial and economic security are proposed. The established interdependencies should serve as a basis for the transformation of state economic and financial policy in Ukraine in terms of minimizing the negative impact of the shadow sector of the economy on the indicators of economic development of the state.

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Effectiveness of Micro-Credit Programs in Socio-Economic Development: A Study on Selected NGOs in Bangladesh

Global Journal of Management and Business Research ◽

10.34257/gjmbrbvol20is7pg49 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-61

Author(s):

Touhidul Islam ◽

Dr. Razu Ahmed ◽

Kohinur Aktar

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Primary Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Micro Credit

Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) evolved in Bangladesh with the commitment of bringing positive social change and attaining balanced socio-economic development through the disbursement of micro-credit among the marginal people in society. The main intention of the study is to assess the impact of micro-credit on the overall socio-economic development of micro-credit receivers. The Chi-square (χ2) and Multinomial Logistic Regression techniques have applied on primary data collected from 260 beneficiaries of micro-credit of ASA and BRAC NGOs in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The χ2 analysis shows that the amount of micro-credit taken has a significant positive impact on respondents’ type of home, sanitation facilities, ownership of other household assets, health service received, yearly income, expenditure, and savings, and participation in family’s decision making, whereas an insignificant relationship is observed for occupational status, children education, ownership of land and livestock, sources of drinking water, economic solvency, and social status of the respondents.

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Econometric models for estimating current and forecast values of the level of human capital development in the Russian economy

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-52-67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 52-67

Author(s):

Nina Baranova ◽

Sergey Larin ◽

Evgeny Khrustalyov

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Economic Development ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Econometric Models ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Human Capital Development ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Capital Development ◽

The Impact

Studies of factors of sustainable economic development in modern conditions are highly relevant for Russia due to the constant increase and tightening of sanctions restrictions. They have a negative impact on the introduction of innovative developments and economic growth, and reduce the competitiveness of Russian enterprises and their products on world markets. Human capital can become one of the key factors for countering sanctions restrictions, improving the efficiency of economic development and gaining additional competitive advantages for domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole. Assessing the impact of human capital on the sustainable development of the economy is difficult, since it is one of the specific forms of capital. When making appropriate measurements, economic scientists rely on a number of developed theoretical methods and practical tools that support them, which allow us to obtain fairly accurate values of the human capital development index (HDI) based on statistical data. First of all, this is the current UN methodology for calculating the HDI indicator, as well as modern software systems OriginPro-8.6 and Eviews-10.0, which have sufficiently advanced functionality for performing calculations. Russia today has all the necessary prerequisites and opportunities for progressive social and economic development. However, the formation of econometric models will help to timely determine the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development for individual enterprises, industries, and the country’s economy as a whole. This paper shows the practical application of the econometric tools of all the above approaches to obtain the calculated values of the HDI indicator for different time periods and different scenarios for the development of the Russian economy. The results obtained confirmed the high practical significance of the tools used and the acceptable accuracy of the calculations. However, the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development alone will not be able to ensure the effective development of the Russian economy. On the contrary, the effective use of human capital in the implementation of import substitution strategies and national projects will allow our country to become one of the world’s leading economic development countries.

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The Street Vendors Perception to the Information of Public Access Disruption as the Effect of their Existence

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.21) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Dorris Yadewani ◽

Syafrani .

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Research Field ◽

Public Access ◽

Primary Data ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Street Vendor ◽

Street Vendors ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Street vendors is a phenomenon in almost all regions in Indonesia, which is always a positive and negative impact on the region where the street vendor activity. The positive is the economy in a sustainable life in areas where street vendor activities, while the negative effects are disturbed some public access as a result of the existence of such street vendor, such as public roads are always jammed, the sidewalk is not functioning, trash increases or the environment increasingly neglected, area aesthetics will show discomfort. For the more crowded street vendor activities will have an impact upon the producer. However street vendor unaware that what was done to give effect to society because of disruption of public facilities. It is very necessary of information for the street vendor’s understanding and perception to the impact caused by their presence in an area. The research was conducted by qualitative method with type research field investigations and descriptive analysis of the street vendor, managers, buyers and decision makers who do trading activities in S. Parman Street, UlakKarang Padang. Samples as research subjects were the street vendors as much as 5 people, managers, local government, the buyer and road users. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data Collection Techniques conducted by observation, interview, and documentation while data analysis is conducted qualitatively by a descriptive approach. The findings and the results are show that the information obtained is correct in running its activities to seek fortune already utilizing public access such as sidewalk and road. Contributions to the street vendors are expected to have awareness in running its activities mainly on the utilization of public access and if you want to keep running its activities must be willing to abide by all the regulations set forth by the government, because it became a street vendor answers to some of the problems faced by street vendors as well as for the government attempted to manage and regulate the existence of street vendors to be in line with policies that have been set by the government for street vendors somehow able to overcome the problem of the existence of the public economy.

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Impact of Microfinance on Income and Employment in Pakistan: A Primary Data Analysis

Review of Economics and Development Studies ◽

10.26710/reads.v3i1.166 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 69-82

Author(s):

Shahina Imran ◽

Rana M. Imran Arshad

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Small Enterprise ◽

Local Context ◽

Primary Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Data Analysis ◽

Gender Education ◽

Household Assets ◽

The Impact

Purpose: This paper investigates impact of microfinance on household income and employment. It is a primary data research conducted in the Bahawalpur division, Pakistan. The study employed the tool developed by Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) and Small Enterprise, Education and Promotion (SEEP). The tool has been modified in local context. The sample consists of 1524 respondents, out of which 773 are established clients (treatment group) and 751 are incoming ones (control group), belonging to different microfinance providers of Pakistan. Independent Sample T-Test and Multiple regressions have been used for analysis. The regression analysis shows that participation to microfinance program has strong positive impact on household income while very minute positive impact on employment. Other independent variables such as prior access to any other loan, micro saving, household assets, age of respondent, gender, education and household size have positive impact on household income but a mixed impact on income generating activities.

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