Studies on Biology and Antibiosis Resistance in Mango (Mangiferae indica) Varieties Against Mango Mealy Bug, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Karar ◽  
M.A. Bakhsh ◽  
G. Abbas ◽  
A. Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
Entomological Research ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Response

Abstract Mango is known as king of fruits. Among mango pests, mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae (MMB), is considered one of the most destructive pests of mango orchards and other plantations. Whenever it enters in any orchards it is difficult to eradicate it from those orchards. The experiment was conducted at Entomological Research Sub Station, Multan-Punjab, Pakistan, during 2009 and 2010, to evaluate fitness of mango mealy bug on different varieties of mango and biology on ‘Chaunsa’ variety. Mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae), is matter of concern, as it is widespread pest of woody plants even in urban areas. A study was conducted on cultivar resistance and fecundity of mango mealy bug. The ‘Chaunsa’ cultivar of mango proved highly susceptible to mango mealy bug with maximum number of eggs laid, i.e. 335.90, and maximum weight, i.e. 0.239 g of the female, was recorded on the cultivar ‘Chaunsa’. The maximum length, i.e. 1.63 cm, and width, i.e. 0.80 cm of female, was observed on ‘Chaunsa’, which showed a susceptible response and did not differ significantly with the width of female on ‘Black Chaunsa’. Regarding biology, the 1st instar male and female duration on an average is 56.3 days, whereas the 2nd instar has 26 days. In case of the 3rd instar, female has duration 19.5 days and male has three days. Male has pupal stage, while it is absent in female. On an average two study years, the ranking of susceptibility of mango cultivars was as under: ‘Chaunsa’ > ‘Black Chaunsa’ > ‘Malda’ > ‘Fajri’ > ‘Retaul-12’ > ‘Langra’ > ‘Sensation’ > ‘Sindhri’ > ‘Dusehri’ > ‘Sufaid Chaunsa’ > ‘Anwar Reutul’ and > ‘Tukhmi’.

scholarly journals The Scent of Ant Brood: Caste Differences in Surface Hydrocarbons of Formica exsecta Pupae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unni Pulliainen ◽  
Nick Bos ◽  
Patrizia d’Ettorre ◽  
Liselotte Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Caste Differences ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractChemical communication is common across all organisms. Insects in particular use predominantly chemical stimuli in assessing their environment and recognizing their social counterparts. One of the chemical stimuli used for recognition in social insects, such as ants, is the suite of long-chain, cuticular hydrocarbons. In addition to providing waterproofing, these surface hydrocarbons serve as a signature mixture, which ants can perceive, and use to distinguish between strangers and colony mates, and to determine caste, sex, and reproductive status of another individual. They can be both environmentally and endogenously acquired. The surface chemistry of adult workers has been studied extensively in ants, yet the pupal stage has rarely been considered. Here we characterized the surface chemistry of pupae of Formica exsecta, and examine differences among sexes, castes (reproductive vs. worker), and types of sample (developing individual vs. cocoon envelope). We found quantitative and qualitative differences among both castes and types of sample, but male and female reproductives did not differ in their surface chemistry. We also found that the pupal surface chemistry was more complex than that of adult workers in this species. These results improve our understanding of the information on which ants base recognition, and highlights the diversity of surface chemistry in social insects across developmental stages.

Sex in the city

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Partnering ◽  
The City

Sexual acts form the basis of human life. In urban areas, both male and female sex workers and their mental health have been studied. The risks of resulting sexually transmitted diseases are higher and, consequently, physical and psychiatric comorbidity may be higher. The theory of sex markets focuses on sexual partnering and emphasizes that it is fundamentally a local process, meaning that the two people must live within reasonable geographical proximity to initiate and develop a sexual relationship that is physical. Of course, often people do indulge in cybersex, for which adequate electronic and WiFi facilities have to be available. Economic needs and perspectives may play a major role in transient sexual partnering.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

scholarly journals Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] on stored groundnut in Ganye area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
C.S. Oaya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Life

Abstract. Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State from June to September, 2015. The sex of the bruchid (male and female) was assigned the sub-treatment while the period of development was the main treatment and was replicated three times. The work considered the pre-oviposition stage, incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and the total life cycle of the bruchid (male and female). The experiment was carried out under Laboratory conditions at 30-35°C temperature and 70-90% relative humidity. After the experiment was established, weekly counting of the total number of eggs laid was carried out at intervals. The results showed that, the mean developmental stages in both female and male bruchids were: 6.50 and 6.00 days; 17.00 and 18.00 days; 13.50 and 13.50 days; 12.00 and 13.50 days; 48.00 and 50.00 days for incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and total life cycle of the bruchids, respectively. Moreover, the mean pre-oviposition and oviposition stages in female adult bruchid were 1.50 and 5.50 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Demand for Schooling

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1077-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hamid ◽  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Female Literacy

The comparison of human development indicators in Table 1 shows that Pakistan’s performance is below the average for South Asian countries and below the average for the developing countries. Furthermore, gender differences in human development are also significant within country and across countries. For example, in 1999, differences in male and female literacy rate was 24 points in Pakistan, higher then the difference in less developed countries (equalling 15 points). [See HDC (2001)]. Similarly, within Pakistan, male literacy rate increased from 35 percent in 1980-81 to 56.6 percent in 1998-99 whereas female literacy rate increased from 16 percent in 1980-81 to 32.6 percent in 1998-99. This shows that despite doubling of female literacy rate, the gap between male and female literacy rate widened from 19 percent in 1980-81 to 24 percent in 1998-99. Similarly, another indicator of human capital, i.e., the net enrolment rates at primary level exhibited a declining trend in 1990s, particularly among males. An important reason for the decline could be rise in poverty. Table 2 shows a sustained increase in net enrolment ratio with income, and the positive income effect is higher in urban areas. In rural areas, the enrolment rate increases with income but there is slight decline in female enrolment rate at the highest income level. Thus, despite rapid rise in female enrolment the gender, differences persist and income is the main factor affecting demand for education.

scholarly journals Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Occurrence, environmental aspects and presence of nematodes in Sergipe, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
G. M. Silva ◽  
M. B. Santos ◽  
C. M. Melo ◽  
V. L. S Jeraldo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Vacant Lots ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.

WOODY PLANTS VITALITY OF URBAN AREAS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR GREENERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
N Glibovytska ◽  
Yaroslav Adamenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Crown Defoliation

The problem of trees selection in urban green spaces has been reviewed. Vitality of the dominant representatives of the most spread woody plants types used in urban areas landscaping has been analyzed. The advantages of native tree species usage under exotic species in cities greenery, which has been in higher phytomeliorative ability of indigenous species, their adaptability to environmental conditions and effective use of available resources, have been found. The criteria for assessing the vitality of plants at different levels of biosystem organization have been accented; key parameters of adapted species protective processes and destructive parameters of unstable species in stressful growing conditions have been highlighted. The most informative indicators of woody plants life condition in urban areas have been morphologic - square, weight and linear parameters of vegetative and generative organs, necrosis, diseases and pests damages presence, the level of dechromation and crown defoliation and physiological - content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments, metabolic composition of leaves, acidity level and buffer stability of leave 's internal environment. The use of resistant to anthropogenic pollution species of Salix L. genus as effective phytoremediants of technologically-transformed ecosystems has been proposed. Sensitive to environmental contamination Populus L. and Pinus L. species have been not recommended for planting in urban areas. However, they can be used as informative bioindicators of environmental ecological condition. Middle resistant species of Betula L., Acer L., Aesculus L., Tilia L. and Pinus L. genus have been recommended to implementation in urban ecosystems greening of recreation areas - parks and squares. Sustainability of the trees genera analyzed in terms of anthropogenic pressure has increased in the following range: Aesculus L. → Pinus L. → Populus L. → Tilia L. → Betula L. → Acer L. → Salix L.

A sit-and-wait predatory chironomid from tropical Brazil- Fittkauimyia crypta sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Nolte ◽  
Mirian A.S. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of Fittkaumyia from central Brazil, F. crypta sp. n., is described as larva, pupa, male and female imago, and observations on the habitat and biology are given. F. crypta is easiest to distinguish from the other three known species of this genus in the pupal stage by the numerous lateral taeniae on segment VIII. Our study reveals that three characters, previously considered to be valid on generic level (overlapping anal lobe points, antepronotum reduced, eyes not irridescent), do not apply to F. crypta.

scholarly journals State of woody vegetation in an urbanized environment (the example of Krasnoyarsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
E Lisotova ◽  
L Suntsova ◽  
E Inshakov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Vital State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Woody plants are one of the effective ways of stabilising the ecological environment of large industrial cities. In order to maximize the effect of green spaces a large and diverse research effort is needed to study the urban green spaces, assess their ecological plasticity and adaptive potential. The results of such research will be the basis for recommendations on the selection of an assortment of species for landscaping of urban areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the condition of woody plants growing in the urban environment of Krasnoyarsk. Within the framework of the study a comprehensive assessment of existing urban green spaces was carried out for the first time for Krasnoyarsk. The species composition and age structure of plantings are established by the results of inventory of public plantings. The vital state of dominant species has been evaluated and their ecological and physiological characteristics, including the study of water retaining capacity of leaves, has been carried out. That allowed to estimate the impact of anthropogenic environment on the condition of urban woody plants.

scholarly journals An updated data on the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer, Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), infesting pomegranates in Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Insha YOUSUF ◽  
Abdul A. BUHROO
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

<p>Pomegranate fruit borer,<em> Deudorix epijarbas</em> (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a destructive pest of pomegranate affecting the quality as well as quantity of its fruits. The pest and its other allied species are nuisance to pomegranate cultivation throughout India, particularly in hilly state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. The aim of present investigation was to study the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer in laboratory, which included the studies on its morphometry and extent of different developmental stages in the life cycle of pest, for developing a sound management plan against it. The results revealed that the eggs are laid by females singly on fruits, stalks, leaves and flower buds. On hatching, emerging larva bores in to fruits and feed on its pulp thus rendering them unfit for trade. The pest passed through five larval instars of different duration and the total larval period was 32.20 ± 1.87 (SD) days. The larval stage was followed by pupal stage which lasted for 9.50 ± 1.84 (SD) days. Furthermore, the longevity of adult male and female butterflies was recorded as 9.20 ± 1.73 (SD) and 13.20 ± 1.43 (SD) days respectively. The study thus provides information necessary for development and implementation of different control strategies in IPM of pomegranate fruit borer.</p>

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