scholarly journals LCLS – Large Laser Infrastructure Development and Local Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Linac Coherent Light Source ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Development State ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Design Construction

Abstract The most powerful now in the world, American Xray laser LCLS (Linac Coherent Light Source), has been working as a research and user facility since 2009. It is further developed to LCLS II machine at the Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC in Menlo Park CA. In a certain sense, LCLS II is a response to the EXFEL machine and a logical extension of LCLS. All these machines are light sources of the fifth generation. EXFEL is expected to open user facility in 2016, at a cost of over 1 mld Euro. LCLS II, which design started in 2010, will be operational in 2017. The lasers LCLS, LCLS II and EXFEL use SASE and SEED methods to generate light and are powered by electron linacs, LCLS by a warm one, and EXFEL by a cold one. The linacs have energies approaching 20 GeV, and are around 2 - 3 km in length. EXFEL linac uses SRF TESLA microwave cavity technology at 1,3GHz. A prototype of EXFEL was FLASH laser. SLAC Laboratory uses effectively over 50 years experience in research, building and exploitation of linear electron accelerators. In 2009, a part of the largest 3 km SLAC linac was used to build the LCLS machine. For the LCLS II machine a new infrastructure is build for two new laser beams and a number of experimental stations. A number of experts and young researchers from Poland participate in the design, construction and research of the biggest world linear and elliptical accelerators and FEL lasers like LCLS (Stanford), EXFEL (DESY) and CEBAF (JLab), and a few more. The paper concentrates on the development state-of-the-art of large laser infrastructure and its global and local impact, in the competitive world of R&D. LCLS infrastructure implications in Poland are considered.

scholarly journals The Linac Coherent Light Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. White ◽  
Aymeric Robert ◽  
Mike Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
X Ray ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Linac Coherent Light Source ◽  
Coherent Light Source

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory was the first hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) to operate as a user facility. After five years of operation, LCLS is now a mature FEL user facility. Our personal views about opportunities and challenges inherent to these unique light sources are discussed.

GIS as a Support Tool for Sensitivity and Decision-Making Analysis for Transport Infrastructure Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Cosmin Paunescu ◽  
Robert Dobre ◽  
Laura Comănescu ◽  
Traian Drăghici ◽  
Alexandru Nedelea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Decision Making Tool ◽  
Design Construction

The sustainable implementation of highway projects requires a sensitivity analysis of the terrain and all of its components that have a direct influence on road design, construction and operation. The result of this inquiry involving GIS techniques and methods regarding environmental and economic factors helps in choosing the optimal road route, in order to meet the real-world connectivity requirements. The sensitivity analysis can be applied to road and rail infrastructure projects, aiming to develop a decision-making tool that can be employed by their potential beneficiaries, according to their purposes and interests. This paper aims to create an objective decision-making tool for transport infrastructure development in correlation with the current needs of society regarding the development of transport infrastructure in an economic sustainable manner with low environmental impact. Furthermore, the study tries to identify the best highway corridor in an area with environmental constraints (especially geomorphological), that is in balance with both environment and financial resources.

scholarly journals PreciPatch: A Dictionary-based Precipitation Downscaling Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengchao Xu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Dexuan Sha ◽  
Manzhu Yu ◽  
Daniel Q. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Downscaling Method ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Precipitation Events

Climate and weather data such as precipitation derived from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and satellite observations are essential for the global and local hydrological assessment. However, most climatic popular precipitation products (with spatial resolutions coarser than 10km) are too coarse for local impact studies and require “downscaling” to obtain higher resolutions. Traditional precipitation downscaling methods such as statistical and dynamic downscaling require an input of additional meteorological variables, and very few are applicable for downscaling hourly precipitation for higher spatial resolution. Based on dynamic dictionary learning, we propose a new downscaling method, PreciPatch, to address this challenge by producing spatially distributed higher resolution precipitation fields with only precipitation input from GCMs at hourly temporal resolution and a large geographical extent. Using aggregated Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of PreciPatch, in comparison with bicubic interpolation using RainFARM—a stochastic downscaling method, and DeepSD—a Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) based downscaling method. PreciPatch demonstrates better performance than other methods for downscaling short-duration precipitation events (used historical data from 2014 to 2017 as the training set to estimate high-resolution hourly events in 2018).

Overview: Global and Local Impact of Antibiotic Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Watkins ◽  
Robert A. Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Global And Local

scholarly journals X-ray detectors at the Linac Coherent Light Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Blaj ◽  
Pietro Caragiulo ◽  
Gabriella Carini ◽  
Sebastian Carron ◽  
Angelo Dragone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linac Coherent Light Source ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Coherent Light Source ◽  
Detector Design

Free-electron lasers (FELs) present new challenges for camera development compared with conventional light sources. At SLAC a variety of technologies are being used to match the demands of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and to support a wide range of scientific applications. In this paper an overview of X-ray detector design requirements at FELs is presented and the various cameras in use at SLAC are described for the benefit of users planning experiments or analysts looking at data. Features and operation of the CSPAD camera, which is currently deployed at LCLS, are discussed, and the ePix family, a new generation of cameras under development at SLAC, is introduced.

scholarly journals Development of Free Electron Lasers in Europe Local and Global Implications – 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Plasma Energy ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Synchrotron Light Sources ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Free electron laser FELs are built in Europe mainlyB as nondependent infrastructures, or as a development of synchrotron ones. They are constructed mainly in centres which have considerable experience with synchrotron light sources of the third generation like DESY, Trieste, INFN, etc. Advances in very energetically efficient superconducting linear accelerators for electron beams, like TESLA type, caused an abrupt development of FEL machines all over Europe. New generation of FELs emits light beam of extreme intensity, good parameters, in IR, VIS, UV, EUV and X-ray spectral regions. The machine construction teams comprise also of young active researchers from Poland. In particular, these is a considerable participation of M.Sc. and Ph.D. students from Warsaw University of Technology at building of FLASH I, FLASH II, and EXFEL machines. Unique experiences gathered at work with these large experiments result in development of these young teams, and their further engagement in new initiatives: laser, laser – accelerator, inertial, plasma, plasma – energy, etc. This is what we observe with satisfaction. However, due to the lack of large research infrastructures in Poland, we are not members of the infrastructure owner clubs. Our young researchers may take part in the initiatives only indirectly as members of cooperative teams from the leading countries. As a further consequence, there is also a confined access of Polish laser and accelerator researchers to some kinds of European infrastructure development projects now under realization within the H2020.

The EU and Human Rights as Institutional Facts in the Finnish Political Discourse on Family Reunification

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Linda Hyökki
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Political Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Eu

This article analyses the Finnish political response to the refugee influx connected with the Syrian war and violent conflicts in its neighbouring states. In July 2016, a law amendment on the Finnish Aliens Act about a secured income prerequisite for family reunification applications came into force. Using argumentation schemes as outlined by Fairclough & Fairclough (2012), this article analyses the discursive framing of the law amendment in Parliament. The paper benefits from the social ontology of John Searle (1995; 2010) and utilises his concept of institutional facts. The analysis shows that, as normative sources for action, the institutional context of the EU, as well as the Human Rights, possess different degrees of deontic modality which in turn shapes the representation of social reality in the context of the refugee crisis and its global and local impact.

Design & Construction of Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway (SPE - DUKE Ph3) – Section 3 from Pandan to Setiawangsa in Kuala Lumpur

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. K. S. Srinivas ◽  
Tham Beng Choy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
The Government ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Design Construction

<p>The Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway (SPE - DUKE Phase 3) is an infrastructure development under transformation programmes undertaken by the Government of Malaysia through Concessionaire Lebuhraya DUKE Fasa 3 (LDF3) Sdn. Bhd. The total length of SPE mainline is 32Km besides 7 interchanges, 2 mainline toll plazas, 3 ramp toll plazas and is divided in to 4 sections [1]. The proposed Section 3 from Pandan to Setiawangsa of SPE project involves design, construction, operation and maintenance of 5km long elevated dual 2-Lane highway with 24.9m wide mainline deck besides an interchange and ramp toll plaza at AKLEH interface in Kuala Lumpur. The project alignment is located in densely developed urban environment and mainly traverses over existing arterial roads, storm water tunnel (SMART) underneath, crosses urban arterials, expressway, LRT line, river and acts as a city bypass for effective traffic dispersal system in order to alleviate traffic congestion on local at-grade roads. The project is completely on an elevated structure in the form of double deck and single deck arrangement in order to minimise the land acquisition, least disturbance to road users, adjoining developments and utilities. Various types of super structure viz., precast T-beams, U-Beams, cast in-situ / precast box girders are adopted besides different types of foundation &amp; substructure with longest span being 62m. This paper aims at presenting an insight of various types of designs, innovative methods adopted to suit the site constraints and interfacing issues to meet project timeline, cost effective design approach during the construction of Section 3 of Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway.</p>

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