scholarly journals One-month of high-intensity exercise did not change the food intake and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y expression levels in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Khajehnasiri ◽  
Homayoun Khazali ◽  
Farzam Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mahnaz Ghowsi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractObjective. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) circuitries are involved in the inhibition and stimulation of the appetite, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one-month lasting high-intensity exercise on the POMC mRNA and NPY mRNA expression in the above-mentioned brain structure and appetite and food intake levels.Methods. Fourteen male Wistar rats (250±50 g) were used and kept in the well-controlled conditions (22±2 °C, 50±5% humidity, and 12 h dark/light cycle) with food and water ad libitum. The rats were divided into two groups (n=7): 1) control group (C, these rats served as controls) and 2) exercised group (RIE, these rats performed a high-intensity exercise for one month (5 days per week) 40 min daily with speed 35 m/min. The total exercise time was 60 min. The body weight and food intake were recorded continuously during the experiments.Results. The results showed relative mRNA expression of POMC and NPY estimated in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. There were no significant differences in the NPY and POMC mRNAs expression levels and food intake between C and RIE groups.Conclusions. The present data indicate that one-month regular intensive exercise did not alter the levels of NPY and POMC mRNAs expression (as two important factors in the regulation of appetite) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and food intake suggesting that this type of exercise itself is not an appropriate procedure for the body weight reduction.

scholarly journals Changes in mRNA expression of arcuate nucleus appetite-regulating peptides during lactation in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Suzuki ◽  
Keiko Nakahara ◽  
Keisuke Maruyama ◽  
Rieko Okame ◽  
Takuya Ensho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

The contribution of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides to further hyperphagia accompanying the course of lactation in rats was investigated by using PCR array and real-time PCR. Furthermore, changes in the mRNA expression for appetite-regulating peptides in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) were analyzed at all stages of pregnancy and lactation, and also after weaning. Food intake was significantly higher during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning than during non-lactation periods. During lactation, ARC expression of mRNAs for agouti-related protein (AgRP) and peptide YY was increased, whereas that of mRNAs for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cholecystokinin (CCK) was decreased, in comparison with non-lactation periods. The increase in AgRP mRNA expression during lactation was especially marked. The plasma level of leptin was significantly decreased during the course of lactation, whereas that of acyl-ghrelin was unchanged. In addition, food intake was negatively correlated with the plasma leptin level during lactation. This study has clarified synchronous changes in the expression of many appetite-regulating peptides in ARC of rats during lactation. Our results suggest that hyperphagia during lactation in rats is caused by decreases in POMC and CCK expression and increases in AgRP expression in ARC, the latter being most notable. Together with the decrease in the blood leptin level, such changes in mRNA expression may explain the further hyperphagia accompanying the course of lactation.

scholarly journals GABA and glycine receptors in the nucleus ambiguus mediate tachycardia elicited by chemical stimulation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (1) ◽  
pp. H174-H184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet C. Chitravanshi ◽  
Kazumi Kawabe ◽  
Hreday N. Sapru
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have previously reported that stimulation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) by microinjections of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) elicits tachycardia, which is partially mediated via inhibition of vagal inputs to the heart. The neuronal pools and neurotransmitters in them mediating tachycardia elicited from the ARCN have not been identified. We tested the hypothesis that the tachycardia elicited from the ARCN may be mediated by inhibitory neurotransmitters in the nucleus ambiguus (nAmb). Experiments were done in urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated, male Wistar rats. In separate groups of rats, unilateral and bilateral microinjections of muscimol (1 mM), gabazine (0.01 mM), and strychnine (0.5 mM) into the nAmb significantly attenuated tachycardia elicited by unilateral microinjections of NMDA (10 mM) into the ARCN. Histological examination of the brains showed that the microinjections sites were within the targeted nuclei. Retrograde anatomic tracing from the nAmb revealed direct bilateral projections from the ARCN and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the nAmb. The results of the present study suggest that tachycardia elicited by stimulation of the ARCN by microinjections of NMDA is mediated via GABAA and glycine receptors located in the nAmb.

Studies on the toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal in male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Aboyade ◽  
MT Yakubu ◽  
DS Grierson ◽  
AJ Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal at 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated in male Wistar rats for 28 days. The parameters used were the body weight of the animals and absolute weights of the organs, haematological parameters, renal and liver functional endpoints. The animals gained appreciable weight and showed no signs of clinical toxicity. The dried (DB), boiled dried (BDB), fresh (FB) and boiled fresh berry (BFB) extracts reduced (p < .05) the heart-, liver-and spleen-body weight ratio of the animals whereas that of the lung was not altered. The kidney and testes-body weight ratios were specifically altered by the different extract. All these were not accompanied by any histomorphological changes. The extracts did not alter (p > .05) the levels of RBC, Hb, PCV and albumin of the animals. The platelets were decreased by the DB and FB whereas BFB increased this parameter. The FB and BFB at all the doses also reduced the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the animals. With the exception of the FB where the creatinine and chloride levels decreased, other extracts did not alter the level of these kidney parameters. Only FB increased the levels of uric acid and urea. All the extract decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the animal. The levels of total protein, globulin, total and conjugated bilirubin were not altered by DB and BDB whereas these indices were increased by FB and BFB. The DB and BDB increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas FB decreased the activity of the enzyme. In contrast, DB and BDB decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the animals whereas FB and BFB increased the activity of the enzyme. The FB and BFB also increased the levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus of the animals. Overall, the alterations in the biochemical parameters by the various extracts of S. aculeastrum berries at these doses indicated that the normal functioning of these organs may be adversely affected. However, drying and boiling might reduce the toxic effect of the berries.

scholarly journals Ulva lactuca Linnaeus Potentially Promotes Reproductive Indices and Depressive-like Behavior of Hypertriglyceridemia Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Anggoro Chandra Yulistiyanto ◽  
Mayumi Hersasanti ◽  
Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo ◽  
Laksmindra Fitria ◽  
Abdul Razaq Chasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Excessive consumption of fatty foods can lead to hyperlipidemia, which is often coupled with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), a condition where blood plasma triglyceride (TG) levels elevated beyond normal levels. This condition may disturb physiological functions of the body, such as reproductive functions, and other physiological imbalances leading to chronic stress and depression. Ulva lactuca is a potential natural treatment for HTG, as it contains various nutrients to aid physiological functions. This seaweed also has high levels of Cd, which can increase depression. Therefore, research on the potential benefits of U. lactuca should be followed by an investigation of its health risks. This research aimed to examine the effects of HTG and treatment with U. lactuca on reproduction and depressive-like behavior of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). The data collected in this research include body weight, serum TG concentration, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum testosterone concentration using competitive ELISA, and depressive-like behaviors assessed using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Open Field Test (OFT). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by DMRT, independent- and paired-samples t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test with a significance value of α=0.05. Body weight, serum TG and testosterone concentration, GSI, and depressive-like behaviors were increased by the HTG condition. Ulva lactuca at the1500 mg/kg BW/day did not significantly affect body weight, testosterone concentration, and depressive-like behaviors of HTG rats. Meanwhile, this treatment significantly increased the GSI and depressive-like behaviors of healthy rats. These results suggest that Ulva lactuca treatment not only enhances gonad growth and development but also increases depressive-like behaviors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GNANGORAN Boua Narcisse ◽  
Traoré Moussa ◽  
YAPO Angoué Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Fat Pad

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index, coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.

scholarly journals Lophira lanceolata protects testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Tsekohol Agu ◽  
Christian Okechukwu Ezihe ◽  
Paul Friday Itodo ◽  
Hyacinth Adakole Abu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lophira Lanceolata

Abstracts Background Chemotherapy is associated with male infertility. Cisplatin (CP), an antineoplastic agent has been successfully used for the treatment of diverse kinds of malignancies, however, the use of this effective agent could induce oxidative stress injury, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and testicular damage. Combined CP chemotherapy with plant extracts can diminish the toxicity and enhance the antitumor efficacy of the drug. The objective of the study was to determine the protective effect Lophira lanceolata leaf extract (LLLE) on CP-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs. Methods The study was carried out with 30 (n = 30) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Rats in group 1 (Control) were administered distilled water per os. Rats in group 2 were administered 5 mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally (i.p). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered per os LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and rats in groups 5 and 6 were administered 5 mg/kg body weight of CP + LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. Results The results showed a significant decrease in the sperm parameters in the group treated with CP alone when compared with the control and there in the sperm parameters in the groups administered CP + LLLE. The body and organ weights of the rats were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CP treated group relative to the control. However, there was an increase in the weight of the organs in the LLLE pretreated groups. The photomicrographs showed degenerative changes in the testicular tissues of the rats administered CP alone whereas the group pretreated with the LLLE showed amelioration induced by the CP. Our study revealed that CP treatment has deleterious effects on sperm parameters and testicular tissues and the accessory sex organs (Epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles) of the rats. Oral administration of LLLE at 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight for 26 days conferred protective effects against testicular damage induced by CP. Conclusion This study revealed that pretreatment with LLLE protected against CP-induced testicular toxicity.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor changes following acute exposure to carbamazepine and phenytoin in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sensorimotor Impairment ◽  
Single Large Dose

Introduction: The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as carbamazepine and phenytoin are part of strategies for the management of epilepsy. Acute exposure of epileptic patients to AEDs can cause sensory impairment. Aim: This study seeks to assess sensorimotor changes in male Wistar rats upon single-large dose exposure to carbamazepine, phenytoin and their mixture. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats (160-210 g) were randomly separated to four groups with 6 rats each. Groups I, II and III was given distilled water (2 ml/kg), carbamazepine (1950 mg/kg); and phenytoin (820 mg/kg) respectively, while Group IV (CBZ+PHY) was co-exposed to carbamazepine (1950 mg/kg) and phenytoin (820 mg/kg). The treatment was orally administered once by gavage (on Day(D) 1), then followed by weekly monitoring of body weight, clinical signs and neurobehavioural parameters for four weeks (D0, D1, D7, D14, D21 and D28). Results: The body weight revealed insignificant improvement (p > 0.05) in all groups. A significantly (p < 0.05) lower grooming frequency, increased locomotor activity and a reduction in the frequency of urination and defecation were recorded in the CBZ and PHY groups. Also, the number of missed rungs, inclined plane and grip fore-paw time reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in CBZ, PHY and CBZ+PHY groups. Significance: A single large dose of CBZ, PHY and their combination caused anxiogenic and sensorimotor impairment.

scholarly journals Effects of Consumption of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and a Rooibos-Derived Commercial Supplement on Hepatic Tissue Injury bytert-Butyl Hydroperoxide in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Canda ◽  
O. O. Oguntibeju ◽  
J. L. Marnewick
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of rooibos herbal tea and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement ontert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced oxidative stress in the liver. Forty male Wistar rats consumed fermented rooibos, unfermented rooibos, a rooibos-derived commercial supplement, or water for 10 weeks, while oxidative stress was induced during the last 2 weeks via intraperitoneal injection of 30 µmole oft-BHP per 100 g body weight. None of the beverages impaired the body weight gain of the respective animals. Rats consuming the rooibos-derived commercial supplement had the highest (P<0.05) daily total polyphenol intake (169 mg/day) followed by rats consuming the unfermented rooibos (93.4 mg/day) and fermented rooibos (73.1 mg/day). Intake of both the derived supplement and unfermented rooibos restored thet-BHP-induced reduction and increased (P<0.05) the antioxidant capacity status of the liver, while not impacting on lipid peroxidation. The rooibos herbal tea did not affect the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, except fermented rooibos that caused a decrease (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase activity. This study confirms rooibos herbal tea as good dietary antioxidant sources and, in conjunction with its many other components, offers a significantly enhanced antioxidant status of the liver in an induced oxidative stress situation.

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