Studies on the toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal in male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Aboyade ◽  
MT Yakubu ◽  
DS Grierson ◽  
AJ Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal at 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated in male Wistar rats for 28 days. The parameters used were the body weight of the animals and absolute weights of the organs, haematological parameters, renal and liver functional endpoints. The animals gained appreciable weight and showed no signs of clinical toxicity. The dried (DB), boiled dried (BDB), fresh (FB) and boiled fresh berry (BFB) extracts reduced (p < .05) the heart-, liver-and spleen-body weight ratio of the animals whereas that of the lung was not altered. The kidney and testes-body weight ratios were specifically altered by the different extract. All these were not accompanied by any histomorphological changes. The extracts did not alter (p > .05) the levels of RBC, Hb, PCV and albumin of the animals. The platelets were decreased by the DB and FB whereas BFB increased this parameter. The FB and BFB at all the doses also reduced the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the animals. With the exception of the FB where the creatinine and chloride levels decreased, other extracts did not alter the level of these kidney parameters. Only FB increased the levels of uric acid and urea. All the extract decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the animal. The levels of total protein, globulin, total and conjugated bilirubin were not altered by DB and BDB whereas these indices were increased by FB and BFB. The DB and BDB increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas FB decreased the activity of the enzyme. In contrast, DB and BDB decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the animals whereas FB and BFB increased the activity of the enzyme. The FB and BFB also increased the levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus of the animals. Overall, the alterations in the biochemical parameters by the various extracts of S. aculeastrum berries at these doses indicated that the normal functioning of these organs may be adversely affected. However, drying and boiling might reduce the toxic effect of the berries.

scholarly journals Effects of Haematinics on Body Weight and Certain Haemotological Values in Black Bengal Goats

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
ML Sharmin ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
M Myenuddin ◽  
M Shahjalal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Group B

Effects of haematinics on body weight and certain haematological values were studied in nine female Black Bengal goats of 1 to 2 years old, divided into three groups (A, B, & C), each consisting of 3 goats during the period from 15 January to 28 February 2002. Goats of group B treated orally with copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate @ 50 mg and 200 mg / head / day respectively and the goats of group C, in addition to copper and ferrous sulphate were treated orally with cobalt sulphate @ 1 mg / head / day along with IM injection of Vit-B12 (B50 Forte®, Square) @ 5 ml / goat every 15 days interval for a period of 45 days whereas group A served as untreated control. Results showed that the body weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the haematinics treated groups B and C (13.57 ± 3.63 g and 12.83 ± 1.01 g respectively) in comparison to control (13.30 ± 1.40 g) at 45 days of treatment. Haematological examination showed significantly (p < 0.01) increased haemoglobin (10.47 ± 0.13 g% and 10.77 ± 0.12 g%), packed cell volume (31.67 ± 0.33% and 32.33 ± 0.33%), total erythrocyte count (13.90 ± 0.12 and 14.78 ± 0.26 106 / mm3), mean corpuscular volume (22.78 ± 0.12 µ3 and 21.88 ± 0.16 µ3), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (7.53 ± 0.05 and 7.28 ± 0.05 µµg) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (33.05 ± 0.08 and 33.30 ± 0.09%) in the treated groups B and C at 45 days of treatment respectively. The present findings indicate that the supplementation of haematinics could be used in the improvement of general health condition as well as the haematological parameters. Key words: Haematinics; body weight; haematological values; Black Bengal goats doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1936 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 55-57

scholarly journals Ulva lactuca Linnaeus Potentially Promotes Reproductive Indices and Depressive-like Behavior of Hypertriglyceridemia Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Anggoro Chandra Yulistiyanto ◽  
Mayumi Hersasanti ◽  
Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo ◽  
Laksmindra Fitria ◽  
Abdul Razaq Chasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Excessive consumption of fatty foods can lead to hyperlipidemia, which is often coupled with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), a condition where blood plasma triglyceride (TG) levels elevated beyond normal levels. This condition may disturb physiological functions of the body, such as reproductive functions, and other physiological imbalances leading to chronic stress and depression. Ulva lactuca is a potential natural treatment for HTG, as it contains various nutrients to aid physiological functions. This seaweed also has high levels of Cd, which can increase depression. Therefore, research on the potential benefits of U. lactuca should be followed by an investigation of its health risks. This research aimed to examine the effects of HTG and treatment with U. lactuca on reproduction and depressive-like behavior of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). The data collected in this research include body weight, serum TG concentration, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum testosterone concentration using competitive ELISA, and depressive-like behaviors assessed using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Open Field Test (OFT). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by DMRT, independent- and paired-samples t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test with a significance value of α=0.05. Body weight, serum TG and testosterone concentration, GSI, and depressive-like behaviors were increased by the HTG condition. Ulva lactuca at the1500 mg/kg BW/day did not significantly affect body weight, testosterone concentration, and depressive-like behaviors of HTG rats. Meanwhile, this treatment significantly increased the GSI and depressive-like behaviors of healthy rats. These results suggest that Ulva lactuca treatment not only enhances gonad growth and development but also increases depressive-like behaviors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GNANGORAN Boua Narcisse ◽  
Traoré Moussa ◽  
YAPO Angoué Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Fat Pad

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index, coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.

scholarly journals Lophira lanceolata protects testicular and spermatological damages induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Tsekohol Agu ◽  
Christian Okechukwu Ezihe ◽  
Paul Friday Itodo ◽  
Hyacinth Adakole Abu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lophira Lanceolata

Abstracts Background Chemotherapy is associated with male infertility. Cisplatin (CP), an antineoplastic agent has been successfully used for the treatment of diverse kinds of malignancies, however, the use of this effective agent could induce oxidative stress injury, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and testicular damage. Combined CP chemotherapy with plant extracts can diminish the toxicity and enhance the antitumor efficacy of the drug. The objective of the study was to determine the protective effect Lophira lanceolata leaf extract (LLLE) on CP-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs. Methods The study was carried out with 30 (n = 30) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Rats in group 1 (Control) were administered distilled water per os. Rats in group 2 were administered 5 mg/kg of CP intraperitoneally (i.p). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered per os LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and rats in groups 5 and 6 were administered 5 mg/kg body weight of CP + LLLE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. Results The results showed a significant decrease in the sperm parameters in the group treated with CP alone when compared with the control and there in the sperm parameters in the groups administered CP + LLLE. The body and organ weights of the rats were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CP treated group relative to the control. However, there was an increase in the weight of the organs in the LLLE pretreated groups. The photomicrographs showed degenerative changes in the testicular tissues of the rats administered CP alone whereas the group pretreated with the LLLE showed amelioration induced by the CP. Our study revealed that CP treatment has deleterious effects on sperm parameters and testicular tissues and the accessory sex organs (Epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles) of the rats. Oral administration of LLLE at 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight for 26 days conferred protective effects against testicular damage induced by CP. Conclusion This study revealed that pretreatment with LLLE protected against CP-induced testicular toxicity.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor changes following acute exposure to carbamazepine and phenytoin in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sensorimotor Impairment ◽  
Single Large Dose

Introduction: The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as carbamazepine and phenytoin are part of strategies for the management of epilepsy. Acute exposure of epileptic patients to AEDs can cause sensory impairment. Aim: This study seeks to assess sensorimotor changes in male Wistar rats upon single-large dose exposure to carbamazepine, phenytoin and their mixture. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats (160-210 g) were randomly separated to four groups with 6 rats each. Groups I, II and III was given distilled water (2 ml/kg), carbamazepine (1950 mg/kg); and phenytoin (820 mg/kg) respectively, while Group IV (CBZ+PHY) was co-exposed to carbamazepine (1950 mg/kg) and phenytoin (820 mg/kg). The treatment was orally administered once by gavage (on Day(D) 1), then followed by weekly monitoring of body weight, clinical signs and neurobehavioural parameters for four weeks (D0, D1, D7, D14, D21 and D28). Results: The body weight revealed insignificant improvement (p > 0.05) in all groups. A significantly (p < 0.05) lower grooming frequency, increased locomotor activity and a reduction in the frequency of urination and defecation were recorded in the CBZ and PHY groups. Also, the number of missed rungs, inclined plane and grip fore-paw time reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in CBZ, PHY and CBZ+PHY groups. Significance: A single large dose of CBZ, PHY and their combination caused anxiogenic and sensorimotor impairment.

scholarly journals Effects of Consumption of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and a Rooibos-Derived Commercial Supplement on Hepatic Tissue Injury bytert-Butyl Hydroperoxide in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Canda ◽  
O. O. Oguntibeju ◽  
J. L. Marnewick
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of rooibos herbal tea and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement ontert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced oxidative stress in the liver. Forty male Wistar rats consumed fermented rooibos, unfermented rooibos, a rooibos-derived commercial supplement, or water for 10 weeks, while oxidative stress was induced during the last 2 weeks via intraperitoneal injection of 30 µmole oft-BHP per 100 g body weight. None of the beverages impaired the body weight gain of the respective animals. Rats consuming the rooibos-derived commercial supplement had the highest (P<0.05) daily total polyphenol intake (169 mg/day) followed by rats consuming the unfermented rooibos (93.4 mg/day) and fermented rooibos (73.1 mg/day). Intake of both the derived supplement and unfermented rooibos restored thet-BHP-induced reduction and increased (P<0.05) the antioxidant capacity status of the liver, while not impacting on lipid peroxidation. The rooibos herbal tea did not affect the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, except fermented rooibos that caused a decrease (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase activity. This study confirms rooibos herbal tea as good dietary antioxidant sources and, in conjunction with its many other components, offers a significantly enhanced antioxidant status of the liver in an induced oxidative stress situation.

scholarly journals Lipoic Acid Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation in the Liver of Wistar Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Choline-Deficient Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Lidia V. Kravchenko ◽  
Ilya V. Aksenov ◽  
Nikolay S. Nikitin ◽  
Galina V. Guseva ◽  
Ludmila I. Avrenyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently estimated as the most prevalent chronic liver disease in all age groups. An increasing body of evidence obtained in experimental and clinical data indicates that oxidative stress is the most important pathogenic factor in the development of NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate the impact of α-lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the effects of a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control diet (C); hypercaloric choline-deficient diet (HCCD), and hypercaloric choline-deficient diet with α-lipoic acid (HCCD+LA). Supplementation of HCCD with LA for eight weeks led to a decrease in visceral adipose tissue/body weight ratio, the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1, plasma, and liver total antioxidant activity, as well as an increase in liver/body weight ratio, liver total lipid and triglyceride content, and liver transaminase activities compared to the HCCD group without LA. In conclusion, our study shows that α-lipoic acid detains obesity development but exacerbates the severity of diet-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver of male Wistar rats fed a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract of Senna occidentalis Leaves on Haematological and Liver Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
OWOLARAFE TAJUDEEN ALOWONLE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of Senna occindentalis leaves on some biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Twenty albino rats equally divided into four experimental groups were used. One group served as control and received the carrier solvent treatment. Three test groups were treated with S. occidentalis extract at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed and blood collected for biochemical and haematological evaluation. Liver-body weight ratio was computed and liver histoarchitecture was investigated. The results showed that all haematological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected except the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume. There were also significant (P<0.05) alterations in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in the serum. No significant (P>0.05) alterations were observed in the computed liver-body weight ratio but marked alterations in histoarchitecture of the liver cells were present. These alterations in the haematological parameters, liver function enzymes and histological evaluation suggest a selective toxicity of the extract on the animals.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism on Haematological and Genetic Parameters of Japanese Quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. E. Udoh ◽  
U. H. Udoh ◽  
A. A. Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The University

The study evaluated effect of Sex on Haematological parameters and Correlation with body weight of Japanese quails at Teaching and Research Farm of University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. Authors declared that “principle of laboratory animal care” (NIH publication 85-23 revised 1985) were followed as well as the University law. The experiment has been examined and approved by the University law. Total of 400 birds (200 birds per sex) were reared in a Completely Randomized Design under standard management practices for 7 weeks with feed and water given ad libitum. Sex were considered treatments. Weekly body weight (BW) was measured. 100 birds per sex were randomly selected and blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. The parameters include: White Blood Cell(WBC), Red Blood Cell(RBC), Haemoglobin(Hb), Packed Cell Volume(PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin(MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration(MCHC) and Platelet. The results showed that sex significantly (P< .05) influenced some of the haematological parameters of Japanese quails at 7 weeks. Females had significantly (P<.05) higher mean values in WBC (45.9 ±1.47 ×109/L), Hb (15.58±0.23 g/l) and PCV (47.75±0.72%) than males with WBC (32.09±1.31×109/L), Hb (13.72±0.25 g/l) and PCV (41.50±0.66%). There were no significant (P >.05) difference in mean values for RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Platelet in both sexes measured. Correlation between BW and haematological parameters for male quails ranged from -10% to 50% (low to medium trend) while that of Female counterparts was -19% to 60% (low to high trend). In conclusion, female quails had higher values in WBC, Hb and PVC than the Males counterparts. Hence, female quails were considered fit for studying quails’ health status as this will help in establishing a breeding program of the quails than using Males. Body weight of female quails is a good selection tool to predict haematological parameters of quails.

scholarly journals Utilization of Snakehead Fish Meat for Increasing Kidney Function in Rat Experiencing Physiological Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
Sunarno Sunarno ◽  
Hajar Sokmawati ◽  
Rully Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Physiological stress for a long time can lead to impaired kidney organ function. Snakehead fish meat are known to contain important nutrients such as albumin, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, and various minerals that can improve kidney function. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish supplementation in feed towards body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of glomerulus in Wistar rats with physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups consisted of 1 control group (P0) and 4 treatment groups (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%). The treatments were performed with 4 times repetition. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables measured were body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of renal glomerulus. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance level. The results of this study were: the supplementation of snakehead fish with 20% of concentration can increase the body weight; concentration 10; 15; and 20% can increase the weight of the kidney; concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% can increase the glomerular diameter in Wistar rats with physiological stress. The supplementation of snakehead fish with concentration of 5% to 20% did not affect the number of glomerulus of Wistar rats with physiological stress. Results of this study is useful as information for people who study the mechanism of kidney repair due to physiological stress.

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