scholarly journals Distribution and habitat characteristics of Vallisneria spiralis L. in Croatia

Hacquetia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Anja Rimac ◽  
Antun Alegro ◽  
Vedran Šegota ◽  
Nikola Koletić ◽  
Igor Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Vallisneria Spiralis ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alkaline Environments ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Abstract Eight new localities of the rare, strictly protected macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis have been recorded during a comprehensive survey of water bodies in Croatia. One record is located in the Mediterranean Region, in Butoniga Reservoir, while the remaining records are from the Continental Region, the majority of them situated along the Kupa River. Vallisneria spiralis occurred in slightly basic and alkaline environments and in a wide range of nutrient availability. In Continental localities, the species was present within Myriophyllo-Nupharetum luteae of the alliance Nymphaeion-albae, while in Butoniga, it occurred within the vegetation of the alliance Potamogetonion. Prior to our research, the species was recorded in Croatia only twice, with the older record dating back to the 19th century and the second from recent years, but neither one was confirmed in later surveys. The low number of records of V. spiralis, in spite of a wide-ranging search through hundreds of localities, confirmed the rare status of this species, although the reasons for such limited distribution remain unclear, especially bearing in mind that suitable aquatic habitats are quite widespread in the country.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Indonesian Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lindsey ◽  
Simon Butt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Banking Competition ◽  
Inheritance System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Law

This book explains Indonesia’s complex legal system and how it works. Covering a wide range of substantive topics from public to private law, including commercial, criminal, and constitutional law, it is the first comprehensive survey of Indonesian law in English. Offering clear answers to practical problems of current law, each chapter sets out relevant laws and leading court decisions, accompanied by an explanation of how the law works in practice, with an analytical critique. The book begins with an account of Indonesia’s Constitution and the key state agencies, before moving to the lawmaking process, decentralization, the judicial system and court procedure, and the legal profession (advocates, notaries, and legal aid). Part II covers traditional customary law (adat), land law, and environmental law, including forest law. Part III focuses on criminal law and procedure, including investigation, arrest, trial, sentencing, and appeals. It also covers human rights law and the law on corruption. Part IV deals with civil law, and covers civil liability, contracts, companies and other business vehicles, labour, foreign investment, taxation, insolvency, banking, competition, and media law. The book concludes in Part V with an account of Indonesia’s complex family law and inheritance system for both Muslims and non-Muslims. The book has an extensive glossary of legal terms, and detailed tables of legislation and court decisions, designed as unique resources for lawyers, policymakers, and researchers.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Target Tracking Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ez-Zaidi ◽  
Said Rakrak
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Target Tracking ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intense Research

Wireless sensor networks have been the subject of intense research in recent years. Sensor nodes are used in wide range of applications such as security, military, and environmental monitoring. One of the most interesting applications in wireless sensor networks is target tracking, which mainly consists in detecting and monitoring the motion of mobile targets. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of target tracking approaches. We then analyze them according to several metrics. We also discuss some of the challenges that influence the performance of tracking schemes. In the end, we conduct detailed analysis and comparison between these algorithms and we conclude with some future directions.

scholarly journals Unravelling the impact of harvesting pressure on canopy-forming macroalgae

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doriane Stagnol ◽  
Renaud Michel ◽  
Dominique Davoult
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Canopy Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relevant Finding

Canopy-forming macroalgae create a specific surrounding habitat (the matrix) with their own ecological properties. Previous studies have shown a wide range of responses to canopy removal. Magnitude and strength of the effects of harvesting are thought to be context-dependent, with the macroalgal matrix that can either soften or exacerbate the impact of harvesting. We experimentally examined in situ the effect of harvesting on targeted commercial species, and how these potential impacts might vary in relation to its associated matrix. We found that patterns of recovery following the harvesting disturbance were variable and matrix specific, suggesting that local factors and surrounding habitat characteristics mediated the influence of harvesting. The greatest and longest effects of harvesting were observed for the targeted species that created a dominant and monospecific canopy on their site prior to the disturbance. Another relevant finding was the important natural spatiotemporal variability of macrobenthic assemblages associated with canopy-forming species, which raises concern about the ability to discriminate the natural variability from the disturbance impact. Finally, our results support the need to implement ecosystem-based management, assessing both the habitat conditions and ecological roles of targeted commercial species, in order to insure the sustainability of the resource.

scholarly journals Cooperative Control of Microgrids: A Review of Theoretical Frameworks, Applications and Recent Developments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8026
Author(s):  
Edward Smith ◽  
Duane Robinson ◽  
Ashish Agalgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

The development of cooperative control strategies for microgrids has become an area of increasing research interest in recent years, often a result of advances in other areas of control theory such as multi-agent systems and enabled by rapid advances in wireless communications technology and power electronics. Though the basic concept of cooperative action in microgrids is intuitively well-understood, a comprehensive survey of this approach with respect to its limitations and wide range of potential applications has not yet been provided. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview of cooperative control theory as applied to microgrids, introduce other possible applications not previously described, and discuss recent advances and open problems in this area of microgrid research.

scholarly journals Researching Same Sex Domestic Violence: Constructing a Survey Methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie McCarry ◽  
Marianne Hester ◽  
Catherine Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Survey Approach

The article discusses the issues and problems that need to be addressed in the development of a comprehensive survey approach to explore same sex domestic violence in relationships involving individuals identifying as lesbian, gay male, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBT&Q). It draws on the most detailed study to date in the UK comparing love and domestic violence in same-sex and heterosexual relationships. The survey methodology built on previous research, attempting in particular to overcome the limitations of earlier studies; and to produce data that could be compared with existing data on domestic violence in both heterosexual and LGBT&Q communities. The result was a questionnaire that reflected a wide range of abusive behaviours; examined impact of the violence alongside a quantification of particular acts; took into account experience of violence from a partner, as well as use of violence against that partner; and incorporated issues related to equality/inequality and dependency. The questionnaire was successfully distributed across the UK to provide a national ‘same sex community’ survey of problems in relationships and domestic violence.

scholarly journals Relationship between moth (night active Lepidoptera) diversity and vegetation characteristics in southern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant Diversity ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The diversity and community composition of moths (both macro- and micromoths) at 32 sites, representing a wide range of habitat types (forests, grasslands, wetlands, agricultural and urban areas) within a restricted region in central Scania, southern-most Sweden, was investigated by use of light moth traps and compared with vascular plant species richness and habitat characteristics. The results revealed a highly significant general association between vegetation composition and the composition of the moth community and multivariate (CCA) analyses indicated light availability and soil fertility parameters (pH and macronutrients) to be the habitat characteristics that best correlated with moth community composition. Less strong, but still significant, positive relationships between moth abundance and local vascular plant diversity were also revealed. Moth species richness was positively correlated with diversity of woody plant genera in the neighborhood, but not with local vascular plant diversity in general. As for more general site characteristics, there were tendencies for higher moth richness and abundance at sites with more productive soils (well-drained, high pH, high nutrient availability), while shading/tree canopy cover, management, soil disturbance regimes and nectar production appeared unrelated to moth community parameters. It is concluded that local moth assemblages are strongly influenced by site characteristics and vegetation composition. Implications for insect conservation: The results show that obtaining moth data on a local scale is useful for conservation planning and does not need to be very cumbersome. Local moth assemblages monitored are indeed related to local site characteristics of conservation relevance.

scholarly journals Ecology, Cultivation and Utilization of the Aromatic Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.): A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elpiniki SKOUFOGIANNI ◽  
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU ◽  
Nicholaos G. DANALATOS
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Medicinal and aromatic plants represent a stable part of the natural biodiversity legacy of many countries in the world. The present review focuses on oregano (Origanum vulgare L.; family Lamiaceae), an endemic herb in Greece that constitutes one of the best known aromatic and medicinal plants originating in the Mediterranean region. In particular, oregano is an evergreen, rich in natural compounds perennial plant that received increased attention in the last years for a wide range of uses. Oregano dry leaves and inflorescences in mixture are used as human and animal food that is extremely rich in antioxidative properties. Additionally, its essential oil is rich in carvacrol, thymol, c-terpinene and p-cymene, and is used for a number of medicinal purposes, e.g. for inhibiting microbial and fungal toxin production as well as for the well-known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Due to its perfect quality and high essential oil concentration, Greek oregano (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum) is regarded among the best in the world gaining in popularity in the global markets for food industry applications. Consequently, oregano might be considered as an important low-input, environmental friendly commodity for extensive cultivation in Greece. The present review summarizes on the origin, the morphology, the ecology and the utilization of this plant. Despite the extensive literature available on the use of oregano biomass and essential oil, only few reports exist concerning the cultivation of this plant. Therefore, the present review is additionally focused on the cultivation practices and the importance of cultivation and utilization of Origanum vulgare L. in Greece and generally in the Mediterranean region in the near future, as it constitutes a plant species with high medical, economic and environmental value.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Nutritional influences on the expression of genotypic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Walkden-Brown ◽  
S. J. Eady
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

This paper reviews experiments investigating the responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes of sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infection under differential nutrition. Using faecal egg count as a measure of host resistance, differences between genotypes appeared to be greatest under conditions of low nutrient availability and under such conditions both resistant and susceptible genotypes generally responded to supplemental protein by reducing faecal egg count. However, when nutritional conditions were moderate to good, responses to additional protein tended to be observed only in susceptible genotypes. In general, host genetic resistance was associated with reliable reductions in faecal egg count of moderate to large magnitude, while nutritional intervention was less reliable at reducing faecal egg count, and induced reductions of smaller magnitude. The situation was very different when examining host resilience to infection, as determined by sheep productivity in the face of infection. Increased host resistance was rarely associated with improved growth or production during the period of infection. In contrast, nutritional supplementation reliably increased host productivity irrespective of infection status and prevailing nutritional conditions. A general model of the relationship between nutrient availability and host resistance and resilience in resistant and susceptible genotypes is postulated. Taken together, the studies reviewed in this paper suggest that selection for host resistance and strategic nutritional intervention have complementary roles in the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep. The former will contribute primarily to the epidemiology of the disease by reliably reducing faecal egg output over a wide range of conditions, reducing host challenge and the number of treatment interventions required. The latter will reliably boost host resilience to infection, with lesser effects on resistance, and the economic rationale for use will require accounting for the full spectrum of production and disease responses.

scholarly journals A Nutrient-Regulated Cyclic Diguanylate Phosphodiesterase Controls Clostridium difficile Biofilm and Toxin Production during Stationary Phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin B. Purcell ◽  
Robert W. McKee ◽  
David S. Courson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Garrett ◽  
Shonna M. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Cyclic Diguanylate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT The signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) mediates physiological adaptation to extracellular stimuli in a wide range of bacteria. The complex metabolic pathways governing c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation are highly regulated, but the specific cues that impact c-di-GMP signaling are largely unknown. In the intestinal pathogen Clostridium difficile, c-di-GMP inhibits flagellar motility and toxin production and promotes pilus-dependent biofilm formation, but no specific biological functions have been ascribed to any of the individual c-di-GMP synthases or phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Here, we report the functional and biochemical characterization of a c-di-GMP PDE, PdcA, 1 of 37 confirmed or putative c-di-GMP metabolism proteins in C. difficile 630. Our studies reveal that pdcA transcription is controlled by the nutrient-regulated transcriptional regulator CodY and accordingly increases during stationary phase. In addition, PdcA PDE activity is allosterically regulated by GTP, further linking c-di-GMP levels to nutrient availability. Mutation of pdcA increased biofilm formation and reduced toxin biosynthesis without affecting swimming motility or global intracellular c-di-GMP. Analysis of the transcriptional response to pdcA mutation indicates that PdcA-dependent phenotypes manifest during stationary phase, consistent with regulation by CodY. These results demonstrate that inactivation of this single PDE gene is sufficient to impact multiple c-di-GMP-dependent phenotypes, including the production of major virulence factors, and suggest a link between c-di-GMP signaling and nutrient availability.

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