scholarly journals Kinematic Stride Characteristics of Maximal Sprint Running of Elite Sprinters – Verification of the “Swing-Pull Technique”

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Klaus Mattes ◽  
Stefanie Wolff ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Maximum sprinting speed constitutes an optimum relation between the stride length and the step rate in addition to an appropriate sprinting technique. The kinematics of the sprint step at maximum sprinting speed have already been examined in numerous studies, without reaching a consensus. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between maximum sprinting speed and the stride kinematics based on the “Swing-Pull Technique”. German elite sprinters (N = 26, body height = 182 ± 6 cm, leg length 93.8 ± 4.1 cm) were tested while performing a 30-meter flying sprint at maximum sprinting speed. The relationship between sprinting speed and kinematic variables was determined via Pearson correlation. Sprinting speed (10.1 – 11.3 m/s) correlated with stride length (r = 0.53), ground contact time (r = -0.53) and variables from the technique model: the knee angle at the end of the knee lift swing (r = 0.40), the maximum knee angle prior to backswing (r = 0.40), the hip extension angle velocity (r = 0.63), and vertical foot velocity (r = 0.77) during pre-support, the ankle angle at the take-on (r = -0.43), knee flexion (r = -0.54), and knee extension (r = -0.47) during support. The results indicate that greater stride length, smaller contact time, and the mentioned kinematic step characteristics are relevant for the production of maximum sprinting speed in athletes at an intermediate to advanced performance level. The association of sprinting speed and these features should primarily be taken into account in conditioning and technical training.

scholarly journals Repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance is not related to body height and body weight measurements among perak sukma 2018 male rugby players

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Fazila Abd Malek ◽  
Nur Ikhwan Mohamad ◽  
Mohansundar Sankaravel2 ◽  
Sakinah Mohd Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Sprint Ability

Repeated sprint ability (RSA) is typically used for speed-endurance and agility-endurance training and assessment. RSA is preferred as it mimics actual performance during competition. RSA test involves straight sprint and quick turning movements. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between height and body weight measurements on RSA performance, as height and weight may influence the mechanical properties of it. Ten male rugby players (body weight 72.99 ± 14.29 kg, height 169 ± 5.55 cm) selected for Perak SUKMA 2018 team were assessed during centralized training ~9 months prior to their competition.  Body weight and height were measured using standard laboratory weight and height scales prior to the RSA test. RSA were hand-timed for 5 repetitions x 2 sets x 60 seconds rest in between repetitions x 5 minutes rest in-between set. The sprints were performed in the evenings, on grass surface with participants wearing full playing attire. Standardized pre-game warm-up and cooling down were performed. Data recorded was analyzed statistically using a t-test comparison for set one versus set two performances. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between anthropometric measures and the RSA test. RSA performance has a negative correlation with the athletes’ height (r= -0.233 set 1, r = -0.435 set 2) and body weight (r= -0.556 set 1, r= -0.629 set 2). RSA performance was significantly different between set 1 and set 2 (p=0.001), with set 1 performance better than set 2. Body height and body weight did not influence RSA performance. Athletes involved did not have adequate speed-agility-endurance needed. In practical, selecting athletes based on their body height and body weight with the assumption that taller and heavier athletes may perform better may not be suitable for this kind of sport. On the other hand, using RSA to test and develop the speed-agility-endurance ability for rugby players is suggested.  

scholarly journals Relationship between length of leg and strength of leg muscle to frequency of straight kicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Agustinus Dei
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Tests And Measurements ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
The Relationship

To be able to increase kick frequency requires anthropometric factors and adequate physical conditions. Anthropometry that is very important is the length of the leg and a very important physical condition is the strength of the leg muscles. For this reason, the length of leg and strength of leg muscles which is related to the frequency of straight kicks need further investigation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the length of the leg and strength of leg muscle to the frequency of straight kicks. This research is a correlation study with data collection using tests and measurements. The population of this research is 70 male pencak silat at Junior High School of PGRI-1. From this population, 33 peoples were chosen by random sample selection. The test is a measurement of leg length using an antrophometer (cm). Measurement of leg muscle strength with leg dynamometer (kg), and frequency of straight kick measurement using a hand box and stopwatch by measuring the number of kicks in one minute. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiples regression.

scholarly journals Relationship between Step Characteristics and Race Performance during 5000-m Race

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
Sho Nakazawa ◽  
Yohsuke Takeuchi ◽  
Masaaki Sugita
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Length Step ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Race Performance

This study examined the relationship between step characteristics and race time in a 5000-m race. Twenty-one male Japanese endurance runners performed a 5000-m race. Step length, step frequency, contact time, and flight time of two gait cycles (i.e., four consecutive ground contacts) were measured every 400-m by using high-speed video image. Moreover, step length was normalized to body height to minimize the effect of body size. In addition to step characteristics on each lap, the averages of all laps and the per cent change from the first half to the second half were calculated. The average step frequency and step length normalized to body height correlated significantly with the 5000-m race time (r = −0.611, r = −0.575, respectively, p < 0.05 for both). Per cent changes in contact time and step length correlated significantly with the 5000-m race time (r = 0.514, r = −0.486, respectively, p < 0.05 for both). These findings suggest that, in addition to higher step frequency and step length normalized to body height, smaller changes in step length during a given race may be an important step characteristic to achieving superior race performance in endurance runners.

Voluntary activation of human quadriceps during and after isokinetic exercise

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2122-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Newham ◽  
T. McCarthy ◽  
J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Isokinetic Contractions ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
The Relationship

The extent of voluntary activation in fresh and fatigued quadriceps muscles was investigated during isometric and isokinetic voluntary contractions at 20 and 150 degrees/s in 23 normal human subjects. The muscles were fatigued by a total of 4 min of maximal knee extension at an angular velocity of 85 degrees/s. Voluntary activation was determined by the superimposition of tetanic electrical stimulation at 100 Hz for 250 ms, initiated at a constant knee angle. The relationship between voluntary and stimulated force was similar to that found with the established twitch superimposition technique used on isometric contractions. In fresh muscle all the subjects showed full voluntary activation during isometric contractions. Some activation failure was seen in five subjects at 20 degrees/s [2.0 +/- 0.9 degrees (SE)] and in two subjects at 150 degrees/s (0.7 +/- 0.5). After fatigue all subjects showed some activation failure at 0 and 20 degrees/s (36.4 +/- 3.1 and 28.8 +/- 4.1 degrees, respectively), but only two showed any at 150 degrees/s (1.4 +/- 5.7). We conclude that brief high-intensity dynamic exercise can cause a considerable failure of voluntary activation. This failure was most marked during isometric and the lower-velocity isokinetic contractions. Thus a failure of voluntary activation may have greater functional significance than previous studies of isometric contractions have indicated.

scholarly journals The Relationship between VO2max, Power Management, and Increased Running Speed: Towards Gait Pattern Recognition through Clustering Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2422
Author(s):  
Juan Pardo Albiach ◽  
Melanie Mir-Jimenez ◽  
Vanessa Hueso Moreno ◽  
Iván Nácher Moltó ◽  
Javier Martínez-Gramage
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Cardiovascular Capacity ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
The Relationship

Triathlon has become increasingly popular in recent years. In this discipline, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) is considered the gold standard for determining competition cardiovascular capacity. However, the emergence of wearable sensors (as Stryd) has drastically changed training and races, allowing for the more precise evaluation of athletes and study of many more potential determining variables. Thus, in order to discover factors associated with improved running efficiency, we studied which variables are correlated with increased speed. We then developed a methodology to identify associated running patterns that could allow each individual athlete to improve their performance. To achieve this, we developed a correlation matrix, implemented regression models, and created a heat map using hierarchical cluster analysis. This highlighted relationships between running patterns in groups of young triathlon athletes and several different variables. Among the most important conclusions, we found that high VO2max did not seem to be significantly correlated with faster speed. However, faster individuals did have higher power per kg, horizontal power, stride length, and running effectiveness, and lower ground contact time and form power ratio. VO2max appeared to strongly correlate with power per kg and this seemed to indicate that to run faster, athletes must also correctly manage their power.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Some Kinematic Variables of the Fixed Foot and Body and the Accuracy of Scoring While Performing Penalty by Futsal Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Ayub Qadr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

There is a difference in terms of the views of coaches and specialists regarding the fixed foot and position of the body. No study has been noted on futsal in which the variables of the kinematics of the fixed foot and body were analyzed. These variables have a significant importance in terms of the angle of fixed foot and body and their direction and distance. They are important in order to be accurate in scoring and specifically in the fixed balls. The objective of the study was to identify the relationship of some kinematic variables of the fixed foot and body to the accuracy of scoring when performing penalty by futsal players. The research participants were the team of the University of Koya for the academic year 2016-2017. The researcher chose the sample by deliberate method and reached 13 players. Each player has played for at least four years, and all players use the right foot, while the the average age of sample  is 23.4 years, body mass 67.37 kg, body height 171 cm, and leg length 93.76 cm. The conclusions of the researcher are that the fixed foot as other parts of the body have an effective role during the scoring of a fixed ball in the game of futsal. The direction angle of the fixed foot has an impact on the mechanical axis of the body and is reflected on the accuracy of the scoring in fixed balls in futsal.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PANJANG TUNGKAI DENGAN KECEPATAN BERJALAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 6 MANADO

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Sorongan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value

Abstract: This is caused by factors that affect normal human walking speed i.e., sex, fitness level, body height and weight. People with long strides could walk faster than those with short steps if they take the same number of steps per minute because they can travel a distance further in every step of their feet. But some said that the shorter leg is not a reason for a slow walking speed. The purpose of this research is to find out whether or not there is a relationship between the length of the legs with walking speed. This study was carried out with the design of cross sectional study. The population taken all SMAN 6 Manado grade 3 by the number of samples of 40 people, the determination of sample by random sampling techniques by means of a lottery. Data obtained from the results of measurements of the length of the limb and walking speed is done by the researcher themselves. Acquired long limbs with an average rating of 98 cm, 3,79608 cm, standard deviation value for a minimum of 90 cm and a maximum of 105 cm, While the walking speed obtained average value of 1,2983 m/s, the standard deviation 0.14007 m/s, the minimum value of 1.06 m/s and maximum 1,93 m/s. Conclusion, there is a significant correlation between leg length and walking speed with the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was obtained value of r = 0.262 and p = 0.051 in the direction of a positive correlation.Keywords: the length of the legs, walking speed Abstrak: Tidak semua orang berjalan dengan kecepatan berjalan rata-rata manusia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecepatan berjalan normal manusia yaitu, jenis kelamin, tingkat kebugaran tubuh, tinggi dan berat badan. Orang dengan langkah panjang bisa berjalan lebih cepat daripada orang-orang dengan langkah pendek jika mereka mengambil jumlah langkah yang sama per menit karena mereka dapat menempuh jarak lebih jauh dalam setiap langkah kaki mereka. Tapi ada yang mengatakan bahwa kaki yang lebih pendek tidak menjadi alasan kecepatan berjalan yang lambat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara panjang tungkai dengan kecepatan berjalanPenelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi yang diambil semua siswa SMA Negeri 6 Manado kelas 3 dengan jumlah Sampel 40 orang, penentuan sampel dengan teknik random sampling dengan cara undian. Data diperolehdari hasil pengukuran panjang tungkai dan kecepatan berjalan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti sendiri. Diperoleh panjang tungkai dengan nilai rata-rata 98 cm, standar deviasi 3,79608 cm, nilai minimum 90 cm dan maksimum 105 cm sedangkan kecepatan berjalan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 1,2983 m/s, standar deviasi 0,14007 m/s, nilai minimum 1,06 m/s dan maksimum 1,93 m/s. Kesimpulan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara panjang tungkai dan kecepatan berjalan dengan nilai analisis koefisien korelasi Pearson diperoleh nilai r = 0,262 dengan p = 0,051 dengan arah korelasi positif.Kata kunci: Kecepatan Berjalan dan Panjang Tungkai

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Speed and Strength in the Beach Volleyball Serve

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Mario Terol-Sanchis ◽  
Carlos Elvira-Aranda ◽  
María José Gomis-Gomis ◽  
José Antonio Pérez-Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Hand Dynamometer ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between isometric force produced in different joints and its effects on the power kick serve speed in beach volleyball as a predictive aspect to improve sports performance. Seven athletes competing at national and international levels (mean ± standard deviation; age: 21.6 ± 3.20 years; body height: 1.87 ± 0.08 cm; body mass 80.18 ± 7.11 kg) were evaluated using maximum isometric force contractions (i.e., spinal and knee extension, grip by a hand dynamometer (handgrip), internal shoulder rotation, shoulder flexion, elbow flexion and extension, and wrist flexion). Speed of the ball was recorded with a pistol radar and force was measured with a strain gauge. Results showed a relationship between isometric force developed in the internal rotation of the shoulder and speed of the ball (r = 0.76*; p < 0.05). In the remaining isometric exercises, positive low to moderate correlations were found in the spine and knee extension (r = 0.56; p = 0.200) and elbow flexion (r = 0.41; p = 0.375). On the other hand, the remaining isometric exercises obtained weak or non-significant correlations. Force developed in the internal rotation of the shoulder highly correlated with the speed of the power kick, explaining, together with the elbow flexion and the extension of the knee and back, much of the variability of the power kick of beach volleyball athletes.

Gait-Cycle Characteristics and Running Economy in Elite Eritrean and European Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Santos-Concejero ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
José L. Maté-Muñoz ◽  
Carlos Muniesa ◽  
Marta Montil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Ground Contact Time

Purpose:This study aimed to determine whether biomechanical characteristics such as ground-contact time, swing time, and stride length and frequency contribute to the exceptional running economy of East African runners.Methods:Seventeen elite long-distance runners (9 Eritrean, 8 European) performed an incremental maximal running test and 3 submaximal running bouts at 17, 19, and 21 km/h. During the tests, gas-exchange parameters were measured to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running economy (RE). In addition, ground-contact time, swing time, stride length, and stride frequency were measured.Results:The European runners had higher VO2max values than the Eritrean runners (77.2 ± 5.2 vs 73.5 ± 6.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .011, effect sizes [ES] = 0.65), although Eritrean runners were more economical at 19 km/h (191.4 ± 10.4 vs 205.9 ± 13.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .026, ES = 1.21). There were no differences between groups for ground-contact time, swing time, stride length, or stride frequency at any speed. Swing time was associated with running economy at 21 km/h in the Eritrean runners (r = .71, P = .033), but no other significant association was found between RE and biomechanical variables. Finally, best 10-km performance was significantly correlated with RE (r = –.57; P = .013).Conclusions:Eritrean runners have superior RE compared with elite European runners. This appears to offset their inferior VO2max. However, the current data suggest that their better RE does not have a biomechanical basis. Other factors, not measured in the current study, may contribute to this RE advantage.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness Parameters in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebahat Eler
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between body composition and physical fitness parameters in children. 286 male and 311 female students have voluntarily participated in the study. Data on body composition have been obtained through the measurements of the students’ height, body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, length (sitting height, arm length, forearm length, leg length, thigh lengths), circumference (elbow, shoulder, biceps (flexion) , buttock, knee, waist, calf, ankle). For somatotype characteristics, the Heat-Carter somatotype grading method has been used. The Sit-Reach Flexibility Test (cm) has been used to determine the characteristic of flexibility; the 20 m. Speed Test (seconds) to determine speed; the 20 m. Sit-up test to determine endurance; Takkei hand dynamometer to determine right-left hand grip strength; Takkei back and lift dynamometer for leg strength and the Flamingo Balance Test for balance have been used. In the analysis of data, the SPSS 16 software has been used and T test and Pearson correlation test have been carried out (p&lt;0.05). Between the body composition and physical fitness parameters of female and male students, a statistically significant relationship has been found with the exception of age, arm and waist measurements (p&lt;0.05). In both genders, positive or negative relationships have been found between height, circumference measurements and somatotype characteristics and performance tests (p&lt;0.05). It was found that there is a negative or positive relationship between the heights, circumference measurements and somatotype characteristics and their strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and balance characteristics of female and male children aged 10-12. As a result, it has been seen that the body composition of children aged 10-12 affects the physical fitness parameters. Children in this age group which is both a period of growth and development and skills selection period for numerous sports branches should regularly be followed by their physical education teachers, anthropometric measurements and performance tests should be carried out and the children should be directed towards suitable sports branches.

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