scholarly journals Pollination Studies on Both Floret and Capitulum Levels in an Oil Seed Crop,Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.) Cass.

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veereshkumar ◽  
K. M. Kumaranag ◽  
Dibyendu Deb ◽  
Vasuki V. Belavadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Insect Visitors

AbstractNiger,Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.), is an important oilseed crop widely grown in Ethiopia and India, but poor pollination is one of the major constraints in achieving the yield potential of the crop. Our aim was to understand better the pollination biology and role of flower insect visitors in reproduction success. Results indicated that full anthesis occured in the morning between 06.00 and 08.00 h and pollen dehiscence eight to eleven hours after anthesis. Stigma receptivity commenced nine hours after anthesis and lasted for the next 24 h. A total of eighteen insect species representing six families visited Niger flowers, and among these,Apis floreaandA. ceranawere dominant. The flowers were self-incompatible as there was no seed set upon the selfing of floret and selfing of capitulum. The maximum seed set (78.33±0.14%) was noticed when flowers were allowed for open pollination and the lowest was recorded when the whole plant was caged to exclude pollinator visits (0.33±0.67). The time spent byA. ceranaandA. floreawas 1.35±0.48 and 1.83±0.12 seconds per floret, respectively and 9.63±0.69 and 14.9±0.94 seconds per capitulum, respectively.A. ceranaandA. floreawere found to be more efficient pollinators ofG. abyssinica.Introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield, and it is also important to conserve bees in the vicinity ofG. abissynicafields during the flowering period. Hence, introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield of Niger.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance and Foraging Behaviour of Pollinator Fauna on Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) and its Influence on Yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
. Manisha ◽  
. Zameeroddin ◽  
H. Khader Khan ◽  
Srinivas Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Central India ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Pollinator Fauna ◽  
Successful Production

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is one of the important oilseed crop of Southern and Central India. Niger is a completely cross pollinated crop brought about by insects, referring to the importance of pollination, the study was undertaken to know the role of pollinators in Niger ecosystem and its influence on yield parameters. The present investigation was carried out during 2016-2017 at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. In this study, fourteen species of flower visitors were observed during the flowering period belonged to orders Hymenoptera (9 species), Lepidoptera (4 species) and Diptera (1 species). The overall diversity of pollinators was more during morning hours (8.00 AM to 11.00 AM) and gradually decreased after 12.00 PM to 5.00 PM. Among different pollinator species Apis florea was more abundant with 41.46% followed by Apis dorsata and Apis cerana. The peak activity of A. florea was observed at 11.00 AM followed by A. cerana at 10.00-11.00 AM and A. dorsata was at 11.00 AM. The highest number of probing was observed in A. florea (7.52) followed by A cerena and A. dorsata. The time (sec) taken for one probing was highest in A. florea followed by A cerena and A. dorsata. The number of filled seeds observed 37.66% less in caged condition when compare with open pollination and there was significant decrease in the yield in caged condition when compare with open pollination indicating importance of pollinators specifically honey bees for successful production of Niger.

scholarly journals Role of ways of insect visitors foraging for pollination in yield contributing traits of mustard

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Sakhawat Hossain ◽  
Rajesh Chakraborty ◽  
Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Insect Visitors

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from November 2016 to February 2017. The experiment has consisted of three different ways of insect visitors foraging for pollination of mustard flowers viz., T1= Open field (Control), i.e., the mustard field was fully open for free movement by the insect pollinators, T2= Netting with honey bee, i.e., the mustard plots was caged with muslin net and the bee hive was placed inside the cage and T3= Netting without honey bee, i.e., the mustard plots was caged with muslin net but the bee hive was not placed inside the cage. BARI Sharisha-8 [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernajew] was used as planting material. Randomized Complete Block Design was selected to lay out the present experiment with 7 replicates. Study showed that, honey bee was the most abundant hymenopterans in the mustard field as a pollinator. The yield and yield contributing traits were significantly influenced by different ways of insect visitors foraging for pollination. The maximum (3.50 g) 1000-seed weight was recorded from treatment T2 followed by T3 and the lowest 1000- seed weight (2.68 g) was recorded from T3. The highest seed yield (2.45 t ha-1) was exhibited from treatment T2 followed by T1 whereas the lowest seed yield (1.67 t ha-1) was recorded from T3. Finally, it can be concluded that, providing honey bee colonies to the flowering mustard field can substantially contribute to the yield.

Role of Light and Medium Composition on Growth and Valepotriate Contents in Valeriana glechomifolia Whole Plant Liquid Cultures

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Russowski ◽  
Natasha Maurmann ◽  
Sandra Beatriz Rech ◽  
Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Medium Composition ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Role Of Light

scholarly journals l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Mei Han ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Peter Suglo ◽  
Shuyue Sun ◽  
Mingyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glycolysis Pathway ◽  
Acid Pathway

L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.

A comparison of flower-visiting insects to rare Symphyotrichum sericeum and common Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Over Time

Flower-visiting insect activity to the rare Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom and the common Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Pal. & Steyerm. was examined to detect compositional and temporal similarities. A hand pollination experiment was conducted to determine whether pollen was limiting seed set. Of the 31 insect taxa that visited these plants, Bombus bifarius Cresson was the most common visitor to both species. More insect visitors of the Halictidae and Bombyliidae were received by S. sericeum than S. nemoralis, which received more visitors of the Syrphidae and Tachinidae. The insect visitation rate was not significantly different between the two plant species. Solidago nemoralis was visited by fewer insect taxa per day than S. sericeum, but the constancy of its visitors was higher. The insect visitor composition changed over time, with B. bifarius ignoring S. sericeum plants initially, then visiting them more frequently as the number of receptive S. nemoralis capitula declined. Hand pollination increased seed set in the earliest flowering capitula of S. sericeum, but not for those flowering during the peak. This research shows that the quantity of insect visits to the rare plant is comparable with that of the common plant but that pollination quality may be lower, particularly for early blooming capitula.

Do ectomycorrhizas affect boron uptake in Betula pendula?

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Ruuhola ◽  
Tarja Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Later Phase

The role of mycorrhizas in the uptake of boron (B) is still poorly known; it has been suggested that ectomycorrhizas (ECM) may either increase B uptake or sequester B in forms unavailable for plants. We examined whether ECM infection affects the B uptake compared with nonmycorrhizal plants and whether two ECM fungal species differ in this respect. We inoculated silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings with either Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. or Laccaria sp. Seedlings were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution including B. The whole-plant specific B uptake rates were slightly higher in Laccaria-inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Laccaria seedlings accumulated B transiently in their roots, which led to an increase in the specific leaf uptake rate of B in a later phase. Colonization of seedlings by Paxillus was low, and this fungus did not affect B uptake or allocation. The main result was that mycorrhizas did not affect B uptake and translocation negatively. An ability to accumulate B in mycorrhizas transiently might even make plants more tolerant to temporary B deficiency as they are not so strictly dependent on a continuous external B supply. However, the possibility of retention at very low B availability remains to be studied.

scholarly journals Influence of bee pollination on quality and quantity of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Subhash B. Kandakoor ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The activity of bees pollination in onion was observed throughout the day. Numerically maximum activity was observed during afternoon hours (12.00 to 2.00 PM) with 7.00 numbers in rock bee, 5.40 in Indian bees, 11.60 in little bees and 7.80 in case of dammer be, respectively. Among the four species of bees, little bees were more in entire day with highest of 111.60 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute followed by dammer bee with 9.40 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute, Among the bees major contributor was little bee, this may be due to more colonies of little bees in that area and destruction of rock bee colonies. Also, the bee acitivty was observed maximum number at 100 per cent flowering stage. The observations on number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seed weight and per cent germination under the laboratory conditions. The results clearly indicated that, maximum number of seeds per umbel was observed in open pollinated flowers with 339.30 ± 60.27 seeds per umber where all the four species of bees were made visits regularly followed by in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage with bees with 330.00±35.80 and very least number of seed set was observed in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage without bees with only 60.70 seeds/umbel. Similarly, 1000 seed weight also differed significantly in case of pollination with bees and without bees. In case of with bees it weighed around 3.37 g/1000 seeds followed by 3.10 g/1000 seeds in onion with bee cage and least in case of control with only 1.97 g/1000 seeds.

scholarly journals Uncovering Trait Associations Resulting in Maximal Seed Yield in Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Siles ◽  
Kirsty L. Hassall ◽  
Cristina Sanchis Gritsch ◽  
Peter J. Eastmond ◽  
Smita Kurup
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

Seed yield is a complex trait for many crop species including oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus), the second most important oilseed crop worldwide. Studies have focused on the contribution of distinct factors in seed yield such as environmental cues, agronomical practices, growth conditions, or specific phenotypic traits at the whole plant level, such as number of pods in a plant. However, how female reproductive traits contribute to whole plant level traits, and hence to seed yield, has been largely ignored. Here, we describe the combined contribution of 33 phenotypic traits within a B. napus diversity set population and their trade-offs at the whole plant and organ level, along with their interaction with plant level traits. Our results revealed that both Winter OSR (WOSR) and Spring OSR (SOSR); the two more economically important OSR groups in terms of oil production; share a common dominant reproductive strategy for seed yield. In this strategy, the main inflorescence is the principal source of seed yield, producing a good number of ovules, a large number of long pods with a concomitantly high number of seeds per pod. Moreover, we observed that WOSR opted for additional reproductive strategies than SOSR, presenting more plasticity to maximise seed yield. Overall, we conclude that OSR adopts a key strategy to ensure maximal seed yield and propose an ideal ideotype highlighting crucial phenotypic traits that could be potential targets for breeding.

Onset and duration of stigma receptivity in Kunzea pomifera (Myrtaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Page ◽  
G. M. Moore ◽  
J. Will ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Days After Anthesis

The onset and duration of stigma receptivity in K. pomifera was evaluated by observing stigma peroxidase activity, pollen-tube growth and seed set, following controlled pollination of flowers of different ages. Peroxidase activity was negligible from 1 day before to 4 days after anthesis, increasing to a peak of 65% at Day 13. The percentage of pistils bearing germinated pollen and ovaries exhibiting pollen-tube entry increased when pollen was applied to the stigma from the day before anthesis, to a maximum at Days 6 and 7 after anthesis, respectively, followed by a decline by Day 9. Under greenhouse conditions the optimum pollination period, measured as the level of set seed after pollination, ranged from 2 to 11 days after anthesis. The knowledge of this aspect of the species reproductive biology is of considerable value in controlled pollinations for its improvement as a new crop.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WHOLE-PLANT MOISTURE, GRAIN MOISTURE, DRY MATTER YIELD, AND QUALITY OF WHOLE-PLANT CORN SILAGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Identical experiments were conducted at the Elora Research Station, near Guelph, Ontario in 1970 and 1971 with the objective of determining the relationships among whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield, whole-plant moisture content, and grain moisture content of corn (Zea mays L.) during the later part of the growing season. Each experiment involved eight commercial hybrids representative of the range in maturity, endosperm type, lodging resistance, and grain yield potential of corn hybrids grown commercially in central Ontario. The hybrids were sampled at weekly intervals over an 8-wk period beginning approximately 1 September; the sampled plants were divided into their leaf, stalk, husk, ear and grain components and oven-dried. Fresh and dry weights were used to calculate dry matter (DM) yields and "at harvest" moisture contents of the various components, and of the entire plant. Averaged across the eight hybrids, maximum DM yield was attained at whole-plant moisture content of 66–70%, and a grain moisture content of 45–50%. Among hybrids, 66% whole-plant moisture corresponded to a range in grain moisture content from 41 to 47%. Two additional experiments were grown also at Elora in 1970 and 1971 to evaluate the effects of harvest date on the DM yield and in vitro digestibility of corn plants and their component plant parts. Each experiment involved four representative commercial hybrids which were sampled at four equal time intervals during the month of September, and divided into grain, cob, husks (including shank) and stover (including leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks and tassels) for dry weight and in vitro digestibility measurement. Whole-plant DM digestibility was essentially constant over a range of whole-plant moisture from 76 to 56% in 1970, and from 76 to 64% in 1971. The consistency of whole-plant digestibility was the result of compensating changes in component yield and digestibility. A decrease in the digestibility of the stover, husks and cob with delayed harvest was compensated for by an increase in the proportion of grain in the whole-plant yield.

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