scholarly journals Seroprevalence of feline foamy virus in domestic cats in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Materniak-Kornas ◽  
Tadeusz Frymus ◽  
Martin Löchelt ◽  
Jacek Kuźmak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Assay ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction Feline foamy virus (FFVfca) is widespread and its prevalence in naturally infected domestic cats ranges between 30% and 80% worldwide. The infection is persistent, with a sustained antibody response in FFVfca-positive cats; however to date, no defined disease or clinical symptoms have been proved to be associated with it. The goal of the presented study was to determine the prevalence of FFVfca infection in domestic cats in Poland. Material and Methods A total of 223 serum samples collected from domestic cats were tested with a glutathione S-transferase capture ELISA test to detect antibodies specific to capsid (Gag), accessory (Bet) and envelope (Env) FFVfca antigens. A Western blot test was used to confirm the ELISA results. Results The cut-off value for the Gag antigen was established by calculation and evaluation with the immunoblotting assay. The cut-off values for Bet and Env were calculated from the reactivity of Gag-negative samples. The sera of 99 cats (44%) showed reactivity to Gag, those of 80 did so (35.9 %) to Bet, while only 56 samples (25%) were reactive to Env. Only 51 (22.9%) sera were positive for all antigens. The main diagnostic antigen was selected to be Gag. A statistically significant association was found between FFVfca status and the age of the cat. Conclusions This study proved the high seroprevalence of FFVfca in domestic cats in Poland for the first time and confirmed that adult cats are at higher FFVfca infection risk than preadult cats. Its results correspond to those reported from other countries.

scholarly journals High seroprevalence of feline morbilliviruses in free-roaming domestic cats in Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Busch ◽  
Irene Sacristán ◽  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Javier Millán ◽  
Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractFeline morbillivirus infections have gained increased attention due to repeated reports of their association with urinary tract disease in cats. In the present study, 112 serum samples from free-roaming domestic cats in Chile were tested for antibodies against feline morbillivirus genotypes 1 and 2 (FeMV-1 and FeMV-2) using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In total, 63% of the animals showed antibodies against one or both FeMV genotypes. Antibodies directed exclusively against FeMV-2 were significantly more prevalent in male cats. The correlation of sex and FeMV-2 infection might give insight into potential routes of transmission. We provide, for the first time, serological data on FeMV in Chile.

scholarly journals Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
David Becerro-Recio ◽  
Javier González-Miguel ◽  
Alberto Ucero ◽  
Javier Sotillo ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Excretory/secretory products released by helminth parasites have been widely studied for their diagnostic utility, immunomodulatory properties, as well as for their use as vaccines. Due to their location at the host/parasite interface, the characterization of parasite secretions is important to unravel the molecular interactions governing the relationships between helminth parasites and their hosts. In this study, the excretory/secretory products from adult worms of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (FhES) were employed in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass spectrometry, to analyze the immune response elicited in sheep during the course of an experimental infection. Ten different immunogenic proteins from FhES recognized by serum samples from infected sheep at 4, 8, and/or 12 weeks post-infection were identified. Among these, different isoforms of cathepsin L and B, peroxiredoxin, calmodulin, or glutathione S-transferase were recognized from the beginning to the end of the experimental infection, suggesting their potential role as immunomodulatory antigens. Furthermore, four FhES proteins (C2H2-type domain-containing protein, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and globin-3) were identified for the first time as non-immunogenic proteins. These results may help to further understand host/parasite relationships in fasciolosis, and to identify potential diagnostic molecules and drug target candidates of F. hepatica.

scholarly journals Bovine ephemeral fever epidemics in Kingdom Saudi Arabia: clinical, epidemiological and molecular investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Zaghawa ◽  
Fadhel Housawi ◽  
Abdulmohsen Al-Naeem ◽  
Ahmed Elsify ◽  
Yamen Mohammed Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The molecular detection of BEFV by RT-PCR and real- time RT-qPCR were found more sensitive for diagnosis of the disease than virus isolation; 80% and 90% for the former tests and 55% for the latter. Three isolates were sequenced, they showed 84.7% - 100% identities in between and shared 90.4%-96.5% sequence identity with a previously published sequence from Australia (KF679404). The generated sequences belonged to 3rd cluster of BEFV glycoprotein. Conclusions: BEF occurrence has cyclic nature and the efficacy of vaccines prepared from local strains has to be evaluated and considered in diseases control.

scholarly journals LPS-Challenged TNFαProduction, Prostaglandin Secretion, and TNFα/TNFRs Expression in the Endometrium of Domestic Cats in Estrus or Diestrus, and in Cats with Pyometra or Receiving Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Jursza ◽  
Anna Z. Szóstek ◽  
Mariusz P. Kowalewski ◽  
Alois Boos ◽  
Kiyoshi Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Progesterone (P4) derivatives which are commonly used to block the cyclicity of domestic cats disturb the endocrine balance in the endometrium. The aims of this study were (i) to examine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα) secretion by the feline endometrial epithelial and stromal cellsin vitro, (ii) to know whether immunolocalization of TNFα/TNFR1 and TNFR2 differs in cats at estrus or diestrus, receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate and suffering from pyometra, and (iii) to determine if TNFα-challenged prostaglandin secretion is stopped by prostaglandin synthases inhibitors. A total of 37 domestic adult cats in estrus or diestrus, receiving octane medroxyprogesterone or having clinical symptoms of pyometra, were enrolled in this study. The results obtained showed a distinct increase in LPS-challenged TNFαsecretion in endometrial epithelial, but not stromal cells. TNFαaugmented PG secretion was blocked by phospholipase A2(PLA2) and cyclooxygeanase-2 (COX-2), but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. TNFα/TNFR1 and 2 protein expressions were limited mostly to the surface and glandular epithelium. TNFα/TNFRs protein was upregulated in the inflammatory uterus and hence may be involved in development of pathologic changes in the endometrial glands in cats receiving exogenous P4as a hormonal contraceptive.

scholarly journals Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: usefulness of IgA detection and IgG avidity determination in a patient with a persistent IgM antibody response to Toxoplasma gondii

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana C. BERTOZZI ◽  
Lisandra A. SUZUKI ◽  
Cláudio L. ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
One Year

We report the detection of specific IgA antibodies and the determination of IgG avidity in sequential serum samples from a patient exhibiting significant levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies for seven years after the onset of the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis. IgM antibodies were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence test and by three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Anti-T. gondii IgA was quantified by the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</FONT>-capture ELISA technique using a commercial kit. As defined by the manufacturer of the IgA ELISA test used, most patients with acute toxoplasmosis have antibody levels > 40 arbitrary units per ml (AU/mL). At this cut-off level, the patient still had a positive ELISA result (45 AU/mL) in a serum sample taken one year after the beginning of clinical manifestations. The IgG avidity-ELISA test was performed with the Falcon assay screening test (F.A.S.T.®) - ELISA system. Avidity indices compatible with a recent Toxoplasma infection were found only in serum samples taken during the first 5 months after the onset of the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis. These results show that the interpretation of positive IgM results as indicative of recently acquired toxoplasmosis requires additional laboratory confirmation either by other tests or by the demonstration of a significant rise in the antibody titers in sequential serum samples.

scholarly journals Serum Samples from Co-Infected and Domestic Cat Field Isolates Nonspecifically Bind FIV and Other Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alex Moskaluk ◽  
Mary Nehring ◽  
Sue VandeWoude
Keyword(s):  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Retroviral Infections

We evaluated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specificity for measuring seroantibody responses to two types of retroviral infections in domestic cats: feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline foamy virus (FFV). We compared the seroreactivity of specific pathogen-free (SPF) cat sera, sera from SPF cats inoculated with either FIV or FFV, and field isolates (e.g., shelter or privately owned cats). Sera from SPF cats experimentally infected with the cognate virus had significantly lower background in both FIV and FFV ELISAs compared to sera from negative field isolates. ELISA values for SPF cats exposed to either FIV or FFV tended to have higher OD values on the opposite ELISA antigen plate. FIV nonspecific background absorbance was greater than that of FFV, and 10 of 15 sera samples from FIV seronegative field samples were measured in the indeterminant range. These findings highlight that exposure to off-target pathogens elicit antibodies that may nonspecifically bind to antigens used in binding assays; therefore, validation using sera from SPF animals exposed during controlled infection results in the setting of a cutoff value that may be inappropriately low when applied to field samples. Our work also suggests that infection of domestic cats with pathogens other than FIV results in antibodies that cross-react with the FIV Gag antigen.

scholarly journals The clinical and serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in blood and milk serums of lactating cows by IDEXX ELISA test in Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces/Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams Hussain Hashim Al-Fattli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
High Infection ◽  
First Time

Objectives This study was conducted to disclose the specific antibodies against M. bovis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in blood and milk serum samples, with detection of the most prevalent clinical signs in positive cows.Methods In some rural areas of two Iraqi provinces (Wasit and Dhi-Qar), 119 lactating cows were submitted to the clinical examination with obtaining of blood and milk to tested by using the IDEXX ELISA test.Results The overall seroprevalence in blood and milk was (20.16%) and (15.12%), respectively. In Wasit, the prevalence was (22.85%) and (15.71%), while in Dhi-Qar, the prevalence was (16.32%) and (14.28%) in blood and milk, respectively. As well as, marked significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between and within the two study’s provinces and samples. According to clinical examination, a significant rising (P > 0.05) was revealed in respiratory disorders, decreasing in milk production, emaciation, rough hair coat and repetitive reproductive problems, whilst a significant decreasing (P < 0.05) in persistent feces abnormalities, mastitis, lymph nodes enlargement and loss of appetite.Conclusion The study demonstrated, for the first time in Iraq, the efficient of IDEXX ELISA, as a screening test in the detection of bTB in lactating cows by using blood and milk serum samples, and the competence of milk, as sample, in exhibition of infection. Also, the study exposed the high infection rate of bTB in cows of rural areas of Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces.

scholarly journals A study on serodiagnosis of scrub typhus in a Teaching Hospital of South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Santosha Kelamane Kelamane ◽  
Cheruku Mispah ◽  
Sri Sandhya K.
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Sera Samples

Background: crub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (rickettsial disease) commonly transmitted by the bite of larval chiggers of trombiculid mites. It has been one of the important causes of febrile illness, especially in south India. The clinical diagnosis is difficult owing to the non-specific presentation. We in the current study tried to evaluate the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus with the Weil Felix test and IgM ELISA. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. All the sera samples were subjected to the Weil Felix test using Proteus OX2, OX19, OX-K strain agglutination test, and subsequently, Scrub typhus IgM ELISA test. Results: All the samples were subjected to the Weil Felix test n=4(6.06%) were positive for scrub typhus (OXK antigen) n=11(16.67%) were positive for the spotted group of fever (OX2 antigen) and n=10 (15.15%) were positive of typhus group (OX19 antigen). N=5 sera samples were positive for more than one type of antigens. All the n=66 serum samples were subjected to IgM ELISA for scrub typhus. Out of n=66, only two serum samples (3.03%) were positive by IgM ELISA. Conclusion: Scrub typhus is emerging as an important public health issue. It is one of the important causes of acute febrile illness. Although it is difficult to distinguish scrub typhus based on the clinical symptoms alone a simple test such as Weil Felix was found to be promising in the diagnosis of scrub typhus. ELISA IgM test may be performed additionally in laboratories with adequate facilities. Hence for clinicians, any case with a fever of unknown origin should arouse suspicion of scrub typhus

scholarly journals Serum markers for early detection of patients with mesenteric ischemia after cardiac surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
Daniel-Sebastian Dohle ◽  
Carolin Bestendonk ◽  
Frank Petrat ◽  
Konstantinos Tsagakis ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery

AbstractObjectiveMesenteric ischemia (MESI) is a rare but often fatal complication in patients after cardiac surgery. Non-specific clinical symptoms and lack of specific laboratory parameters complicate the diagnosis. We evaluated potential serum markers for MESI in cardiac surgery patients.MethodsBetween March and October 2012, serial serum samples of 567 elective cardiac surgery patients were collected 1, 24, and 48 h after the operation, and concentrations of potential markers for MESI [α-glutathione-S-transferase (αGST), intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein (iFABP), and D-lactate] were measured retrospectively. In patients requiring laparotomy, blood samples obtained 72, 48, 24, and 12 h before the laparotomy were additionally measured and compared to all other patients (control group).ResultsLaparotomy was performed in 18 patients at 11±7 days after cardiac surgery. MESI was found in 9/18 patients. Already 1 h after cardiac surgery, the serum concentrations of D-lactate (37±18 vs. 25±20 nmol/mL, p<0.01) and αGST (82±126 vs. 727±1382 μg/L, p<0.01) in patients undergoing laparotomy were increased compared to the control group. Between patients with and without MESI, differences were only found for iFABP 24 h after cardiac surgery (1.1±0.4 vs. 2.9±0.6 ng/mL, p=0.04) and up to 72 h before laparotomy (0.56±0.72 vs. 2.51±1.96 ng/mL, p=0.01).ConclusionsD-lactate and αGST were early markers for gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery. Before laparotomy, lowered iFABP levels indicated MESI. Routinely used, these markers can help identify patients with gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery early, and might be useful for the evaluation of new therapeutic or preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuandi yu ◽  
Suhui Zhang ◽  
Guoyang Xu ◽  
Dengfeng Xu ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Abstract Background Paratuberculosis, is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. Results Paratuberculosis was confirmed via a polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP by ELISA test and MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at 6 months and 1 years of age respectively. The results of tissue lesion and pathological section were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. Conclusions This is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP was prevalent and potentially threaten in this region and more further investigations on long-term epidemiological

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