scholarly journals High seroprevalence of feline morbilliviruses in free-roaming domestic cats in Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Busch ◽  
Irene Sacristán ◽  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Javier Millán ◽  
Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractFeline morbillivirus infections have gained increased attention due to repeated reports of their association with urinary tract disease in cats. In the present study, 112 serum samples from free-roaming domestic cats in Chile were tested for antibodies against feline morbillivirus genotypes 1 and 2 (FeMV-1 and FeMV-2) using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In total, 63% of the animals showed antibodies against one or both FeMV genotypes. Antibodies directed exclusively against FeMV-2 were significantly more prevalent in male cats. The correlation of sex and FeMV-2 infection might give insight into potential routes of transmission. We provide, for the first time, serological data on FeMV in Chile.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of feline foamy virus in domestic cats in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Materniak-Kornas ◽  
Tadeusz Frymus ◽  
Martin Löchelt ◽  
Jacek Kuźmak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Assay ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction Feline foamy virus (FFVfca) is widespread and its prevalence in naturally infected domestic cats ranges between 30% and 80% worldwide. The infection is persistent, with a sustained antibody response in FFVfca-positive cats; however to date, no defined disease or clinical symptoms have been proved to be associated with it. The goal of the presented study was to determine the prevalence of FFVfca infection in domestic cats in Poland. Material and Methods A total of 223 serum samples collected from domestic cats were tested with a glutathione S-transferase capture ELISA test to detect antibodies specific to capsid (Gag), accessory (Bet) and envelope (Env) FFVfca antigens. A Western blot test was used to confirm the ELISA results. Results The cut-off value for the Gag antigen was established by calculation and evaluation with the immunoblotting assay. The cut-off values for Bet and Env were calculated from the reactivity of Gag-negative samples. The sera of 99 cats (44%) showed reactivity to Gag, those of 80 did so (35.9 %) to Bet, while only 56 samples (25%) were reactive to Env. Only 51 (22.9%) sera were positive for all antigens. The main diagnostic antigen was selected to be Gag. A statistically significant association was found between FFVfca status and the age of the cat. Conclusions This study proved the high seroprevalence of FFVfca in domestic cats in Poland for the first time and confirmed that adult cats are at higher FFVfca infection risk than preadult cats. Its results correspond to those reported from other countries.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Infection with Feline Morbilliviruses Is Associated with FLUTD and Increased Blood Creatinine Concentrations in Domestic Cats

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Johannes Busch ◽  
Romy M. Heilmann ◽  
Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ◽  
Michael Sieg
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Blood Creatinine ◽  
Lower Urinary

Feline morbilliviruses (FeMV) are fairly newly discovered paramyxoviruses found in cats. The first description indicated an association with widely distributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the host species. In various studies, a global prevalence and a further genotype, designated FeMV-2, and the involvement of other organ systems in infected individuals were shown. Using an immunofluorescence assay, we detected an overall seroprevalence of FeMV in almost half of the cats investigated (n = 380), with a significantly increased proportion in younger animals. In comparison to European Shorthair cats, the rate of seropositivity is higher in pedigree cats. Regardless of the breed, FeMV infection was associated with increased blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting an association with CKD. Further analysis indicated that this association was the strongest in animals having high IFA titers against FeMV-2. In addition, a significant association between FeMV-positive status and the prevalence of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD, or idiopathic cystitis) was detected. This association was dominated by cats having antibodies against FeMV-1 only. To further evaluate the positive correlation between FeMV seroprevalence and CKD as well as FLUTD, consideration of additional clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters is warranted, and controlled infection studies with both FeMV genotypes are necessary. Clinicians should, however, be aware of a possible link between renal and lower urinary tract disease and FeMV infections.

scholarly journals Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats (Belém, Pará, Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽  
Michele de Souza Lima ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa Marques Monteiro ◽  
Betsy Emely Tavares Honorio ◽  
Ana Paula Vilhena Beckman Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract We evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum samples collected from domestic cats in Belém, Pará, Brazil. We also correlated the presence of T. gondii antibodies with environmental variables and cat-owner habits. Four-hundred and forty-seven serum samples from domestic cats were analyzed. The sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among the animals analyzed, 21.92% (98/447) were seropositive. A statistically significant association was found in relation to age and serology among the animals over 1 year old (p<0.01): in the group up to 1 year old, 12.82% (20/156) of the animals were positive, and in the group over 1 year old, 26.80% (78/291) were positive. Our results show that the cats in Belém, Pará region have anti-T. gondii antibodies, and their owners are not aware of toxoplasmosis or how to prevent its transmission.

scholarly journals A case of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Arsic ◽  
Ana Gligic ◽  
Elizabeta Ristanovic ◽  
Branislav Lako ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous arthropods - ticks. In humans, it occurs as monocytic, granulocytic, and ewingii ehrlichiosis. Pathological process is based on parasitic presence of Ehrlichia organisms within peripheral blood cells - monocytes and granulocytes. Case Outline. Fifty-two year old patient was admitted to hospital due to high fever of over 40?C that lasted two days, accompanied with chills, muscle aches, malaise, loss of appetite, headache, confusion, breathing difficulties, and mild dry cough. The history suggested tick bite that occurred seven days before the onset of disease. Doxycycline was introduced and administered for 14 days, causing the disease to subside. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze three serum samples obtained from this patient for Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies, and peripheral blood smear was evaluated for the presence of Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia aggregation into morulae. Conclusion. Ehrlichiosis should be considered in each case where there is a history of tick bite together with the clinical picture (high fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, generalized weakness and malaise, and possible maculopapular rash). The presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis antibodies was confirmed in a patient with the history of tick bite, appropriate clinical picture and indirect immunofluorescence assay. This confirmed the presence of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, a disease that is uncommonly identified in our country.

scholarly journals Serum-Positive and -Negative AQP4 Antibody NMO in Chinese Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youming Long ◽  
Zhengqi Lu ◽  
Xueqiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody ◽  
Virchow Robin Space

Objective:To compare the clinical features of our sero-negative and sero-positive neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients.Methods:Thirty-nine patients with NMO were recruited and analyzed retrospectively. Serum aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody status was determined by a cell-based assay. For the sero-negative patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were re-tested using the cell-based assay and an indirect immunofluorescence assay.Results:By the cell-based assay, 30 patients (76.92%, 30/39), were positive for AQP4 antibodies in serum and 37 patients (94.9%, 37/39), had a CSF-positive antibody status. Seven NMO patients (17.9%, 7/39) were sero-negative by the cell-based assay but demonstrated positive CSF results. By indirect immunofluorescence, the remaining two patients, who had no AQP4 antibodies in serum or CSF by the cell-based assay, were positive for IgG antibodies in serum, which selectively targeted the central nervous system microvessels, pia, subpia, Virchow-Robin space, kidney, and stomach. There were no significant differences between the sero-positive and sero-negative NMO groups among their demographic and clinical data.Conclusions:Repeating the test using a different assay or CSF is helpful to clarify whether sero-negative NMO patients do in fact carry AQP4 antibodies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Epstein-Barr Virus Enzyme Immunoassays with an Immunofluorescence Assay as the Reference Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Gärtner ◽  
Ralf D. Hess ◽  
Dirk Bandt ◽  
Alexander Kruse ◽  
Axel Rethwilm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Four commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) (Novitec, Biotest, Virotech, and DiaSorin) were evaluated, with an indirect immunofluorescence assay as the reference method, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) VCA (viral capsid antigen) immunoglobulin G (IgG), VCA IgM, or EBNA (EBV nuclear antigen) IgG at three different locations (Homburg, Stuttgart, and Dresden). Serum samples from 66 immunocompetent patients with infectious mononucleosis, 73 patients without prior EBV infection, and 96 patients with past EBV infections and 29 serum samples with possible cross-reactions to other herpesviruses were included. In addition, 25 samples from an extensively pretested panel that is commercially available (Boston Biomedica) were tested. Each sample was tested at only one location. The four EIAs varied considerably in performance. When analyzing for EBV diagnosis, the Novitec assay performed the best, with 4.9% discrepant diagnoses, followed by the Biotest, Virotech, and DiaSorin assays, with 6.8, 11.7, and 14.0% discrepant diagnoses, respectively. On the basis of single-parameter analysis, the Novitec assay also showed the lowest number of discrepant results, with 3.5%, compared with the Virotech, Biotest, and DiaSorin assays, which produced 5.4, 6.4, and 8.6% discrepant results, respectively. VCA assays using affinity-purified native antigens performed better than assays with recombinant or synthetic antigens. The synthetic EBNA-1s showed the lowest concordance with the reference compared to recombinant p72. Commercially available EBV EIAs differed considerably in performance; however, some proved to be reliable and convenient alternatives to the indirect immunofluorescence assay for routine diagnostics. Native antigens, rather than synthetic peptides, are favored for EBV serology testing.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of Rickettsia spp. in small mammals from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina de Campos Binder ◽  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Jonas Sponchiado ◽  
Geruza Leal Melo ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate exposure of wild small mammals to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae in Mato Grosso do Sul State, central-western Brazil. Serum samples of 68 small mammals were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against six Rickettsia species from Brazil. Overall, 37.5% (9/24) marsupials and 6.8% (3/44) small rodents were seroreactive to at least one of the Rickettsia species, with end point titres ranging from 64 to 512. These results suggested that wild small mammals were infected by SFG rickettsiae, and could participate in the ecology of rickettsiae in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

scholarly journals Establishment of a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against PRRSV M protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Rubo Zhang ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Huidan Deng ◽  
Fengqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Peptide Elisa

Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the swine industry globally. Evaluation of antibody responses and neutralizing antibody titers is the most effective method for vaccine evaluation. In this study, the B cell line epitopes of PRRSV M protein were predicted, and two peptide ELISA assays were established (M-A110-129 ELISA, M-A148-174 ELISA) to detect antibodies against PRRSV M protein. Field serum samples collected from pig farms were used to validate the peptide ELISA and compare it with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results The sensitivity and specificity of M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were (111/125) 88.80%, (69/70) 98.57% and (122/125) 97.60%, (70/70) 100%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. This peptide ELISA could detect antibodies against different genotypes of PRRSV including type 1 PRRSV, classical PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NADC30 like PRRSV, but not antibodies against other common swine viruses. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were 0.967 and 0.996, respectively. Compared the concordance of results using two peptide ELISA assays, the IDEXX PRRSV X3 Ab ELISA and a virus neutralization test, were assessed using a series of 147 sera from pigs vaccinated with the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine. The M-A148-174 ELISA had the best consistency, with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.8772. The concordance rates of the Hipra PRRSV ELISA kit, M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA in the field seropositive detection results were 91.08, 86.32 and 95.35%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. Conclusions In summary, compared with M-A110-129 ELISA, the PRRSV M-A148-174 ELISA is of value for detecting antibodies against PRRSV and the evaluation of the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine, but the advantage is insufficient in serological early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from urban areas in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Emmanuelle de Farias Rotondano ◽  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Werona de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
Fernanda Nieri Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aims of our study was to identify Ehrlichia canis and antibodies against Rickettsia spp. belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) in dogs sampled from Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil. Blood and serum samples collected by convenience from dogs in urban areas of five municipalities were analyzed by real-time PCR for the detection of E. canis DNA and by immunofluorescence assay test (IFAT) for the identification of antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii, R. felis, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii and R. rhipicephali antigens. E. canis DNA was detected in 8.9% (64/719) of the blood samples, whereas 5.63% (43/763) of the serum samples were positive for at least one of the Rickettsia antigens tested by IFAT. This study showed for the first time the occurrence of E. canis and suggested the circulation of SFG Rickettsia in dogs in the study region of Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Conditions and Factors Associated with Urolithiasis in Domestic Cats in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Disease

This was a retrospective study that covered a 10-year period from January 2009 to December 2018. The study had three aims which were to determine prevalence, clinical manifestations and factors associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats in Nairobi County, Kenya. It also considered prevalence of other urinary tract conditions that occurred in domestic cats in the same county. Clinical data of all cases of cats were collected from 5 purposively selected veterinary clinics. Specific data was retrieved, which included breed, sex, age, weight, neuter history, and clinical findings. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine factors associated with urolithiasis. The total number of domestic cat cases in the 10-year period was 4,404. A total of 104 cases had urinary tract conditions, of which 28 had urolithiasis, thus making general overall prevalence of urinary tract conditions to be 2.4% and prevalence of urolithiasis 0.6%. Among cases with urinary tract conditions, prevalence of urolithiasis was 26.9%. Definitive diagnosis of causes of urinary tract disease in cats was recorded in 75 cases. Urolithiasis was the major cause 37.3% followed by idiopathic feline lower urinary tract diseases and idiopathic cystitis both at 22.7%. The results showed that history of dysuria, distended urinary bladder and body weight were significantly associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats. This current study concluded that prevalence of urolithiasis in Nairobi County, Kenya was low, but among cases with urinary tract conditions, it had the highest prevalence. These findings were different from similar literature where idiopathic cystitis is reported to be the major cause of urinary tract disease in cats. The main clinical symptoms of cats suffering from urolithiasis were dysuria, hematuria, stranguria, distended urinary bladder and painful abdomen.

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