scholarly journals Definitions Establishing the Scope of Harmonization in the Field of Consumer Credits. Comparative Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Mariana Rodica Țîrlea
Keyword(s):  
Credit Market ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
High Level

Abstract The sphere of consumer loans implies protection, knowledge, anticipatory regulations, flexibility, adaptability leading to the elaboration of a modern, clear legislation and an efficient internal credit market. Clear, explicit and clear legislation contributes to increasing the trust of customers, consumers and effectively to their protection. The European Directive states that: “in order to ensure consumer confidence, it is important that the market provides them with a sufficient degree of protection” [1]. In this way, the demand and supply of loans can be achieved in optimal conditions, both for professionals who offer loans and for credit consumers. A sufficient degree of protection ensures the confidence of credit consumers. In this sense, the concept of complete harmonization, from the perspective of the European Directive is seen as necessary in order to achieve a high level of interest of consumers and professionals. Legislation easily understood by the parties involved in credit agreements, does not leave room for some interpretations. For this reason, we appreciate the fact that the presentation of the definitions, the transparency in the knowledge of their meaning represent one of the important measures of protection of the customers consuming loans.

A Shortage of Neurologists — We Must Act Now: A Report From the AAN 2019 Transforming Leaders Program

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012111
Author(s):  
Jennifer Juhl Majersik ◽  
Aiesha Ahmed ◽  
I-Hweii Amy Chen ◽  
Holly Shill ◽  
Gregory P. Hanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
High Level ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology

In nearly every US state today, a large mismatch exists between the need for neurologists and neurological services and the availability of neurologists to provide these services. Patients with neurologic disorders are rising in prevalence and require access to high level care to reduce disability. The current neurology mismatch reduces access to care, worsens patient outcomes, and erodes career satisfaction and quality of life for neurologists as they face increasingly insurmountable demands. As a community, we must address this mismatch in the demand and supply of neurological care in an aggressive and sustained manner to ensure the future health of our patients and our specialty. The American Academy of Neurology has multiple ongoing initiatives to help reduce and resolve the existing mismatch. With the intent of raising awareness and widening the debate nationally, we present a strategic plan that the Academy could implement to coordinate and expand existing efforts. We characterize the suggested strategies as: shaping the demand, enhancing the workforce, and advocating for neurologist value. The proposed framework is based on available data and expert opinion when data were lacking. Prioritization of strategies will vary by geography, practice setting, and local resources. We believe the time to act is now, to allow concerted effort and targeted interventions to avert this looming public health crisis.

scholarly journals Regeneration Performance of Activated Carbon for Desulfurization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6107
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Sun ◽  
Menglu Wang ◽  
Jiaming Fan ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
So2 Removal ◽  
Sulfur Capacity ◽  
Desulfurization Efficiency ◽  
High Level

This study explored the regenerated performance of activated carbon (AC) as SO2 adsorbent. The optimal conditions of SO2 removal were determined by experiment, and then the adsorption efficiency of AC was studied by a method of thermal regeneration. The characteristics of regenerated AC were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods. The test results showed that the most suitable adsorption conditions were using 4 g of activated carbon, 1.65 L/min gas flue rate, and 5% O2. During the ten regenerations, the desulfurization efficiency and sulfur capacity of AC still maintained a high level. The characterization results showed that the increase of material surface area and pore volume were 101 m2 g−1, and 0.13 cm3 g−1, respectively, after the cycles.

How far will we travel? A global distance pattern of international travel from both demand and supply perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1200-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yen Sun ◽  
Pei-Chun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
National Development ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
High Level

The travel distance of international journeys critically determines our reliance on different transportation modes and the associated carbon intensity. This study quantified the influence of macrolevel determinants to the inbound and outbound average distance per visitor from a panel data of 152 countries using spatial econometric analysis. Results confirmed that national development and transport capacity assisted the spatial expansion of outbound travel, while tourism competitiveness, geographic attributes, and institutional arrangements regarding people’s mobility facilitate inbound visits from distant source markets. A high level of heterogeneity was found across five continents where the distance friction effect through geographic barrier, transport accessibility, and the freedom of people’s movement exhibited a different level of influences. To manage the spatial expansion of international travels for a sustainable transport future, a strong geopolitical integration system across countries within the region and adjustments to the aviation capacity to disfavor long-haul flights have been proposed.

scholarly journals Cabo Verde

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (367) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Credit Demand

This Selected Issues paper examines whether the recent slowdown in private sector credit growth in Cabo Verde is demand or supply driven. Although in the late 2000s, demand factors have been the main drivers in Cabo Verde’s credit market, supply dynamics’ role has increased in recent years. For Cabo Verde to promote private sector-led growth and sustainable economic development, reforms aiming at strengthening both credit demand and supply will be essential. These include improving the business environment for the private sector as well as strengthening the financial sector by ensuring prudent banking supervision and an effective resolution of the nonperforming loan overhang.

scholarly journals Impact of quality on improvement of business performance and customer satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Milena Cvjetković ◽  
Marko Vasiljević ◽  
Milovan Cvjetković ◽  
Milica Josimović
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

In an immense market struggle, the only effective way to build a long-term competitive advantage is to provide a high level of quality. Offering quality to the market, the organization creates loyal consumers on the basis of which it achieves its profitability, growth and development. The research presented in this paper is aimed at determination of the impact of quality on improving business performance and customer satisfaction. Correlation analysis confirmed this influence on the basis of obtained statistically significant mutual relations between the analyzed variables. Quality was shown to have an impact on improving the business performance of the organization, primarily on profitability through the improvement of leadership and relationship management. The impact of quality on customer satisfaction was also confirmed, where the engagement of people and the management of mutual relations had the greatest impact on consumer confidence. The research confirmed that the training of employees in terms of quality had a statistically significant impact on improving customer satisfaction, if it is conducted in an efficient manner.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Consumer Credit Market in V4 Countries

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Maria Czech ◽  
Blandyna Puszer
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer credit market in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4, i.e., the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary). There is no doubt that the pandemic has determined the amount of household debt due to consumer credit in the V4 group, and thus the question arises of how the pandemic affects the propensity of households to take out loans and the propensity to lend to them, and therefore whether it affects both the behaviour of borrowers and lenders. The study used the time series and multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 pandemic has determined the level of household debt in the V4 group and is not indifferent to household decisions regarding taking out consumer loans. Although the research is preliminary, it has contributed to some extent to a better understanding of household indebtedness at a time of turbulence and instability resulting from health factors in V4 countries. In the future, this research will serve as the basis for future research on the phenomenon of household indebtedness in other countries.

The Expansion of Consumer Credit in Italy and the Main Euro Area Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Silvia Magri ◽  
Valentina Michelangeli ◽  
Sabrina Pastorelli ◽  
Raffaella Pico
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Credit Demand ◽  
High Share

Since 2015, consumer loans have been rising fast in France, Germany, Spain and Italy. This article aims to provide broad evidence of the differences across countries in light of the recent consumer credit growth, exploring demand and supply factors typically related to this type of loan, and assessing the building up of financial risks. The expansion was connected in all countries with the increasing credit demand, specifically for consumer durables, and – for Italy and Spain, which experienced stronger credit tightening during the past crises – also with the easing of supply conditions. Risks stemming from the growth of consumer credit are mitigated by its lower incidence, compared with mortgages, on households’ total debt and income; exposure to interest rate risk is also decreasing owing to the high share of fixed-rate contracts. There is wide risk heterogeneity across countries, with Italy and Spain having the highest share of delinquent households (even for fewer than 90 days). In Italy, however, debt is increasingly concentrated among more affluent households, which are better able to withstand negative economic shocks. This trend is sustaining the drop in the ratio of new non-performing consumer loans.

scholarly journals Actions and attitudes on the immunized patients against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar De Lucas Ramos ◽  
Alejandra García-Botella ◽  
Alberto García-Lledó ◽  
Javier Gómez-Pavón ◽  
Juan González del Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
Exploratory Procedures

The access to COVID vaccines by millions of human beings and their high level of protection against the disease, both in its mild and severe forms, together with a plausible decrease in the transmission of the infection from vaccinated patients, has prompted a series of questions from the members of the College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) and the society. The ICOMEM Scientific Committee on this subject has tried to answer these questions after discussion and consensus among its members. The main answers can be summarized as follows: The occurrence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in both vaccinated and previously infected patients is very low, in the observation time we already have. When breakthrough infections do occur, they are usually asymptomatic or mild and, purportedly, should have a lower capacity for transmission to other persons. Vaccinated subjects who have contact with a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient can avoid quarantine as long as they are asymptomatic, although this decision depends on variables such as age, occupation, circulating variants, degree of contact and time since vaccination. In countries with a high proportion of the population vaccinated, it is already suggested that fully vaccinated persons could avoid the use of masks and social distancing in most circumstances. Systematic use of diagnostic tests to assess the immune response or the degree of protection against reinfection after natural infection or vaccination is discouraged, since their practical consequences are not known at this time. The existing information precludes any precision regarding a possible need for future revaccination. This Committee considers that when mass vaccination of health care workers and the general population is achieved, SARS-CoV-2 screening tests could be avoided at least in outpatient care and in the case of exploratory procedures that do not require hospitalization.

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