scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Consumer Credit Market in V4 Countries

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Maria Czech ◽  
Blandyna Puszer
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer credit market in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4, i.e., the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary). There is no doubt that the pandemic has determined the amount of household debt due to consumer credit in the V4 group, and thus the question arises of how the pandemic affects the propensity of households to take out loans and the propensity to lend to them, and therefore whether it affects both the behaviour of borrowers and lenders. The study used the time series and multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 pandemic has determined the level of household debt in the V4 group and is not indifferent to household decisions regarding taking out consumer loans. Although the research is preliminary, it has contributed to some extent to a better understanding of household indebtedness at a time of turbulence and instability resulting from health factors in V4 countries. In the future, this research will serve as the basis for future research on the phenomenon of household indebtedness in other countries.

Changes in the consumer credit market in conditions of tightening of the Bank of Russia's macroprudential measures in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-897
Author(s):  
K.A. Evstaf'ev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
The Impact

Subject. In 2019, the Bank of Russia updated and toughened regulatory approaches by increasing the capital requirements depending on borrowers’ debt burden. The disclosed bank statements have significantly changed and become more complicated. This enabled a comprehensive statistical analysis of the consumer credit market structure in 2019, based on effective interest rate and payment-to-income (PTI). Objectives. The purpose of the study is to assess how the strengthened capital adequacy requirements influence the change in the effective interest rate on consumer loans and how banks consider debt burden of borrowers when issuing such loans. Methods. The study draws on methods of statistical analysis of reporting forms presented by credit organizations in open databases of the Bank of Russia. A dynamic model is used for analytical determination of average maturity of consumer loans based on their effective interest rate. Results. I estimated trends in outstanding consumer loans in all ranges of their full cost (effective interest rate), analyzed the impact of the new requirements of the Bank of Russia with respect to risk cover on consumer loans by banks’ own funds on the capital adequacy of banks in the medium term. Conclusions. In 2019, loans with low effective interest rate (less than 20%) demonstrated the lowest growth rates; the volume of consumer loans to borrowers with high debt burden did not reduce; only a small number of banks incurred risk to capital adequacy due to strengthened requirements. Thus, the Bank of Russia’s macroprudential measures for consumer lending regulation cannot be regarded as effective.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Circular Economies: A Comparison of Visegrád Group Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Roman Lacko ◽  
Zuzana Hajduová ◽  
Marcin Zawada
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
A Current

Efficiency of circular economies is one of the most important areas of the improvement of economic growth in a circular way, that is, improving worldwide GDP. The issue of circular economies, namely their efficiency, is a current topic of evidence of many literary sources in the literature. This issue is solved in the conditions of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia. The goal of the study is to compare the circular efficiency within the Visegrád Group and efficiency of Visegrád Group countries to the European Union 28 average. Data envelopment analysis slack-based models are implemented to evaluate the output efficiencies of the selected subjects. Truncated regression is used to measure the impact of selected indicators on circular efficiency. The Visegrád Group countries are not among the most advanced in terms of recycling and the use of the circular economy, which was confirmed by this research. However, developments suggest significant improvements. The significance of this research lies in several benefits. One of the benefits is the perception of regional differences and the setting of EU cluster policies at the regional level. The idea of changing inputs is very significant since the outputs are oriented to the recycling rates of materials and waste. This research has shown that a higher level of GDP does not necessarily mean a higher level of efficiency of the circular economy.

scholarly journals Clustering Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5612
Author(s):  
Michał Gostkowski ◽  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Luiza Ochnio ◽  
Grzegorz Koszela ◽  
Kamil Wojtczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The main purpose of this paper is to assess energy consumption with a breakdown into main sectors of the countries that belong to the Visegrad Group. The specific objectives aim to determine changes in energy absorption, its productivity, structure by sectors and to show the similarities of the Visegrad Group countries to the other EU states in terms of the sectoral energy absorption structure. All members of the Visegrad group, i.e., Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, were purposefully selected for the study as of 31 December 2018. The research period covered the years 1990–2018. The sources of gathered information were the literature on the subject and OECD data. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: explanations, tabular and graphical depictions, descriptive statistics, dynamics indicators, and cluster analysis performed with the following methods: k-means, hierarchical agglomerative clusters and DIvisive ANAlysis (DIANA). There is a limited number of previous studies on the relationship between the national level of economic development and energy consumption in different sectors of industry. Additionally, there are no such analytical projects concerning EU states. The article fills the research gap in this area. It was established that the dynamics of productivity growth over the nine years (2010–2018) was similar in the countries of the Visegrad group and on average for the EU. This means that the members of the Visegrad group did not actually improve their energy efficiency as compared to the EU average. The reason may be the increasingly faster implementation of modern technologies in developed economies of Western Europe as compared to the developing countries, which include the members of the Visegrad group. The conversion of the economy had a very large impact on changing the structure of energy absorption by sector. Industry and agriculture lost their importance. On the other hand, the transport and service sectors benefited. As a result of the cluster analysis, all EU (European Union) states were divided into four groups. Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary found themselves in one group, along with most Western European countries. This may mean that the economies of these states have become unified with highly developed economic systems. Slovakia found itself in the group of states with a greater importance of industry. The study complements the contribution to the theory. From a practical point of view, it shows the impact of economic transformation on changes in energy consumption in individual sectors, which may be a model of transition in this area.

scholarly journals Wpływ współczesnego kryzysu ekonomicznego na stan finansów publicznych państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

Ekonomia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Mielczarek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sector Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

The impact of contemporary economic crisis on public finances of the Visegrad GroupThe article attempts to assess the state of public finances of the Visegrad Group V4 during the contemporary economic crisis. At the beginning there are shown two faces of the economic crisis in the European Union and that this crisis firstly took the form of abanking crisis, and next extend to the public finance sector. Analysis of GDP proved that when we have crisis in the European Union in all V4 countries there has been adecline in the volume of GDP, and in the next years there were rather its growth. Analysis of the budget deficit showed that in 2008-2015 the V4 countries had problems in complying with the deficit below 3% of GDP. At the same time analysis of public debt showed that as aresult of the economic crisis public debt in the Visegrad Group had atendency to rather increase, but in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, it was less than 60% of GDP, while in Hungary exceeded 71% of GDP.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MARKETING MIX ON THE PURCHASE DECISION WHEN BORROWING CONSUMER LOANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Handry Sudiartha Athar
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the influence of the marketing mix, consisting of products, prices, places, promotions, physical evidence, people and processes on the customer's decision to borrow consumer credit, and to find out which of the seven marketing mix variables had the most impact dominant in the customer's decision to borrow consumer credit from PT. Bank NTB Syariah. This study is a descriptive study with both a population and a sample of 50 people obtained by non-probability techniques that is, using targeted sampling. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation. This type of research data is quantitative data and qualitative data. Data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis was performed by multiple regression analysis with the F test to test the significance of the relationship of the seven independent variables along with the dependent variable. The results showed that 1) the marketing mix of services consisting of products, prices, promotions, places, people, processes and physical evidence had a significant impact on customer loan decision making; 2) Process variables have the most dominant influence on the customer's decision to borrow consumer credit from PT. Bank NTB Syariah.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Pengaruh Lintas Budaya Pada Pemasaran Internasional Dengan Pendekatan Perilaku Konsumen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Endy Gunanto ◽  
Yenni Kurnia Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Impact

In this article we present a conceptual of the effect of cross culture on consumer behavior incorporating the impact of globalization. This conceptual idea shows that culture inûuences various domains of consumer behavior directly as well as through international organization to implement marketing strategy. The conceptual identify several factors such as norm and value in the community, several variables and also depicts the impact of other environmental factors and marketing strategy elements on consumer behavior. We also identify categories of consumer culture orientation resulting from globalization. Highlights of each of the several other articles included in this special issue in Asia region. We conclude with the contributions of the articles in terms of the consumer cultural orientations and identify directions for future research.

“Land fever” and “Bankruptcy”: Social Problems in Hanoi’s Urbanizing Peri-urban Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-562
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Drawn upon field research in two peri-urban villages of Hanoi in 2014 and short re-visits recently, the research examines the widespread of gambling and other social issues in Hanoi’s urbanizing peri-urban communities which happened concurrently with the phenomenon of “land fever,” and at the time local villagers received compensation from land appropriation. The article aims to understand the impact of urbanization on these communities and the interface between urbanization and the increase of social problems. It argues that gambling, drug use, and other social problems have been existing in Vietnamese rural communities long before; however, when urbanization came, some people have higher chances to engage in these activities. Those are villagers who want to transform quickly into entrepreneurs or bosses by joining the “black credit” market and gambling. Together with middle-aged and old farmers who greatly relied on agricultural production and face difficulties in transforming their occupation, they formed the group of losers in the urbanization process. Received 6th January 2019; Revised 26th April 2019; Accepted 15th May 2019

Aviation and the Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Davis ◽  
Hilary A. Uyhelji
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Although the impact of microorganisms on their hosts has been investigated for decades, recent technological advances have permitted high-throughput studies of the collective microbial genomes colonizing a host or habitat, also known as the microbiome. This literature review presents an overview of microbiome research, with an emphasis on topics that have the potential for future applications to aviation safety. In humans, research is beginning to suggest relationships of the microbiome with physical disorders, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. The microbiome also has been associated with psychological health, including depression, anxiety, and the social complications that arise in autism spectrum disorders. Pharmaceuticals can alter microbiome diversity, and may lead to unintended consequences both short and long-term. As research strengthens understanding of the connections between the microbiota and human health, several potential applications for aerospace medicine and aviation safety emerge. For example, information derived from tests of the microbiota has potential future relevance for medical certification of pilots, accident investigation, and evaluation of fitness for duty in aerospace operations. Moreover, air travel may impact the microbiome of passengers and crew, including potential impacts on the spread of disease nationally and internationally. Construction, maintenance, and cleaning regimens that consider the potential for microbial colonization in airports and cabin environments may promote the health of travelers. Altogether, the mounting knowledge of microbiome effects on health presents several opportunities for future research into how and whether microbiome-based insights could be used to improve aviation safety.Davis JT, Uyhelji HA. Aviation and the microbiome. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(8):651–661.

INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS OF THE FUTURE DWELLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Dzhyhil Yu. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
National University ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Impact

Residential architecture has one of the most conservative styles based on its specifics. However, today this type of architecture seeks to actively respond to changes in the modern world. These changes are caused by multiple factors, among them are: technological and information progress; lack of resources and environmental pollution; military conflicts and population migration etc. The purpose of this article is to summarize the experience of the Department of Architectural Environment of Lviv Polytechnic National University over housing issues and outline the methodological principles of innovation in designing both individual houses and the architectural environment of residential formations. While writing this article, we analyzed the 15-year experience of Architectural Environment's Department diploma projects. The unique feature of these projects is the priority on the design of the environment. The evolution of diploma project topics is revealed on multiple distinctive examples such as the reconstruction of old buildings in Lviv and the construction of prefabricated homes and container-type housing. Futuristic settlements are represented in projects such as “The Ocean Settlements” and “Prykarpatsk - the City of Future”. Research projects were developed to study current trends in housing design and the impact of innovative technologies on planning decisions. These projects discoursed the protection of housing from traffic noise and issues related to environmental preservation. Innovative architectural ideas of future housing, developed by students in these projects, are based on a combination of aesthetic, technical, and social components of architecture. The conclusion indicates that when educating future architects, it is important to teach them the basics of the craft, as well as the ability to defend their innovative ideas. The emphasis is placed on the importance of educating the architect's personal responsibility for their own design solutions. It is stated that professional motivation and the ability to constantly renew previously acquired knowledge and skills will be among the main tasks in training future architects.

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